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Earth Systems and Resources

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The Living World

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Energy Resources and Consumption

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Pollution

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Global Change

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Bottled Water or Tap: How Much Does Your Choice Matter?

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Bottled Water or Tap: How Much Does Your Choice Matter?

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OCT. 20, 2016

In many places, we are fortunate enough to be able to pick if we want tap water or bottled water which is a big opportunity for us. This means that we get to choose if we want bottled water not knowing if it is really bottled water or just tap water that is put into a bottle. We don't really know what places are giving us because we don't really research where our water comes from. As the article states, "Thirsty? Grab a bottle of water. You’ll have plenty of company: For the first time, bottled water is expected to outsell soft drinks in the United States this year." This is important because people don't really even think about whether their bottled water is safer than their tap water. In the end, we might be getting unsafe water out of our tap, but in the end we may also be getting unsafe water from bottles as well, which is a scary thought to have in our minds.

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/science/bottled-water-or-tap.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fearth&action=click&contentCollection=earth&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=13&pgtype=sectionfront

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Italy Quakes: What Makes an Earthquake an Aftershock?

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Italy Quakes: What Makes an Earthquake an Aftershock?

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November 1, 2016

Earthquakes can greatly affect certain parts of the world depending on how strong they are. Recently there was an earthquake in Italy with a magnitude of 6.6 and it was part of a series of powerful tremors to hit the area. This earthquake was one of the strongest earthquakes to hit the area in the past thirty-six years and so it devastated the area greatly. After this initial earthquake occurred there was three really big earth quakes and 560 aftershocks. This was terrifying to the people living there because they never know if one of these little tremors can turn into another big earthquake. Leading up to earthquakes are what scientists call "fore-shocks" and what follow earthquakes are called "aftershocks". Both of these can be almost as dangerous as the actual earthquake because there shock can be crazy powerful as well. As stated in the article, "areas veined with shorter faults, like in central Italy, a quake can send a cascade of stresses into faults nearby, pushing them closer to the brink." This could lead to there being many more problems with earthquakes in the future if these plates continue to more and hit each other or cause friction between them.

http://www.livescience.com/56715-italy-earthquake-science.html

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Ticks, Thriving in Warm Weather, Take a Ghastly Toll on New England Moose

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Ticks, Thriving in Warm Weather, Take a Ghastly Toll on New England Moose

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JAN. 19, 2017

There are ticks that live all around the world. Some ticks do not cause many problems at all to people and animals, except that they suck their blood. Some ticks on the other hand tend to give the animals and people that they are taking the blood from, different kinds of diseases. An example of this is that when in Boston a man was walking in the woods and came across a dead moose that had been over come with so many ticks that he couldn't even count them. In areas like Boston the moose is very important to the image that is portrayed up there. If the moose goes extinct or becomes endangered however, this could be a problem with how people view the area in the future. With the climate changing the winters are getting extremeely shorter and the moose are not able to get to a place to go where it is cold quick enough. In turn, these moose that are trying to escape the heat end up dying out because they are not able to handle the new conditions. We need to figure out a way to get these ticks to leave the area because there is nothing good that comes from them except for population control, which any other animal can control. Saving these animals is extremely important because the death of one can soon lead to the death of an entire species, which is terrifying to think about.

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/19/us/ticks-thriving-in-warm-weather-take-a-ghastly-toll-on-new-england-moose.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fscience&action=click&contentCollection=science&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=5&pgtype=sectionfront

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Animals Eat Ocean Plastic Because it Smells Like Food

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Animals Eat Ocean Plastic Because it Smells Like Food

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NOVEMBER 9, 2016

Animals eating plastic has become a worldwide problem. These animals think that the plastic look and smells like food and once they eat it they finally notice that it is not food. This is very dangerous to the animals because the plastic builds up inside their bodies because they can't break it down. In the ocean, Algae is consumed by many small organisms such as krill.This krill is a primary food source for many animals especially for many sea birds. Algae breaks down in the ocean and gives off what scientists call a "stinky sulfur odor known as dimethyl sulfide (DMS)." Since the sea birds recognize this smell as dinner for them they automatically will go to eat anything that smells like it. Not knowing exactly what they are eating, since the plastic would float around in the ocean for years it would start to smell like the krill and algae, thus the sea birds would eat it. According to a stay made by researchers, " In 2014, a global analysis measured ocean plastic at a quarter of a billion metric tons, much of it suspended in small rice-sized particles. More than 200 animal species have been documented consuming plastic, including turtles, whales, seal, birds, and fish." This just goes to show how much plastic there is in the ocean and how much of a problem it is causing for our wildlife to survive. If we ever want to fix this problem, there has to be some sort of technology made to make water bottles either biodegradable or keep them away from out wildlife before all of the animals are killed.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/11/animals-eat-ocean-plastic-because-of-smell-dms-algae-seabirds-fish/

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Flooding of Coast,Caused by Global Warming, Has Already Begun

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Flooding of Coast,Caused by Global Warming, Has Already Begun

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SEPT. 3, 2016

In some places in the world, particularly in Virginia according to this article, have land that is being overtaken by water during some points of the year. This is an environmental problem because certain plants and animals will be forced out of that are while the water is over top of the land. If this continues on, then in years that land will be overtaken by water completely. In Florida as well, the state government is being forced to use the people's taxes in order to fix the roads and suck up all of the salt water that flooded onto the streets. Global warming causes land ice to melt and ocean water to expand and slowly move towards the land more than before. Many scientists have studied this phenomenon and have discovered that the acceleration caused by global warming causes a rise of the sea and would soon make the United States’ coastline closer to the land. Scientists and local leaders are asking for the state and federal governments for financial help to help pay for flood walls, pumps and road improvements that would buy them some time to figure out what else they can do to help fix the rising of the oceans. In addition, because the land is sinking as the ocean rises places such as Norfolk, and the rest of the region known as Hampton Roads, are some of the worst places hit by the oceans rising and they are unsure of what to do about it. All in all, to fix this problem the scientists and other local leaders are going to need to explain to the government officials in the state and fed

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/science/flooding-of-coast-caused-by-global-warming-has-already-begun.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fearth&action=click&contentCollection=earth&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=8&pgtype=sectionfront

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Measure in Florida That Claims to Back Solar Power May Discourage It

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Measure in Florida That Claims to Back Solar Power May Discourage It

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OCT. 27, 2016

This article is about how in the state of Florida they are trying to make solar power even more popular than it already is. By making the solar power more popular however, there are some side effects. Since the people that came up with this idea spent about $20 million to campaign for why there should be more solar power, if the bill goes through then taxes may go up and it may be more expensive to get solar power. Many news papers in the state of Florida are rejecting this idea because they don't believe as of right now solar power is absolutely needed, and they believe it is more of a want then anything else. Some people believe that this solar power will create a different kind of renewable energy, while others believe that solar power is useless when there are already power lines and other kinds of energy that already exist. Barbra Walks in particular is completely outraged because she believed that what she was voting for was going to help the planet, but when in reality it would only help the planet if thousands of people got them as well.
Finally, if we want solar power to become more popular, then we need to make it an option for people. Solar power should not be a required thing, but it would be more helpful to the environment if more people did take the initiative to get more solar panels.

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/28/science/florida-solar-power-referendum.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fearth&action=click&contentCollection=earth&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=2&pgtype=sectionfront&_r=0

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Earth Sets a Temperature Record for the Third Straight Year

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Earth Sets a Temperature Record for the Third Straight Year

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JAN. 18, 2017

The world is constantly changing with the temperatures and how many resources there need to be. With our world heating up, there become new records that the earth sets for how warm it is becoming, which can potentially be very dangerous. The past three years back to back these records have been set, which is a scary thing to think about. I say this because if we have set a record temperature for the past three years, who says that these records are all of a sudden going to change this year. These scientist noticed that this was happening only two days before president Trump was inaugurated. Trump believes that global warming is a "Chinese plot and vowed to roll back his predecessor's efforts to cut emissions of heat-trapping gases". Trump clearly doesn't understand how dangerous global warming really is and how much we need to stop it before it becomes too late. Many different scientist repetitively researched this to check out what all of the problems were and tried to see if there were any ways to stop it and everything that they found was that global warming is man-made. Meaning that man is the reason that this is happening and we can easily stop it.

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/science/earth-highest-temperature-record.html

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We Might Soon Resurrect Extinct Species. Is It Worth the Cost?

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We Might Soon Resurrect Extinct Species. Is It Worth the Cost?

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MARCH 20, 2017

Scientists have worked for years and spent tons of money in order to figure out a way to get the woolly mammoth to be able to roam the world once more. But the scientists are starting to figure out in order to do this we will have to put these genes into African elephants.  This is a problem because these elephants are already in danger and if we start to mess with their genes we could end up making the mammoth come back to life and making the African elephant go extinct. The article states that "In a paper published in Nature Ecology & Evolution this month, the researchers concluded that the biodiversity costs and benefits almost never come out in favor of de-extinction." This just shows how little point there is to bring back these woolly mammoths because it would be nice to see the extinct species one again, but if it is putting other animals in danger is there really a point?

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/20/science/revive-restore-extinct-species-dna-mammoth-passenger-pigeon.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fearth&action=click&contentCollection=earth&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=2&pgtype=sectionfront&_r=0

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Sometimes Nature is Morbid. That’s Why There’s #BestCarcass.

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Sometimes Nature is Morbid. That’s Why There’s #BestCarcass.

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JAN. 13, 2017

There are animals all around the world that are injured as road kill, shot, hunted, or even just killed by nature. There are some pictures of some of these horrible events that take place and the terrible conditions of the animals after the fact. These animals can be injured in any way from bloody, flattened, frozen in place, and so on. People started to have a competition of who could find the best carcass of a dead animals and got a trend started on the internet. These horrible hashtags were all over with people posting pictures of the dead animals with the hashtag reading "best carcass". These people that post these photos are hoping to win this internet based competition. People are taking advantage of the deaths of these animals and using them to help them win a silly competition. I do not think that this is right to the animals by any means and that someone should put an end to this trend immediately. The fact is that nature itself is not morbid, but the people that witness nature are in fact morbid. We need to figure out ways to keep these animals from getting into these dangerous situations because the animals are getting killed and the people are using these deaths as a way to win a contest. The animals are precious lives and they are not just living creatures, but they have families as well just like people.

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/science/bestcarcass-twitter-photos.html?rref=collection%2Fcolumn%2Ftrilobites

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Polar Bears’ Path to Decline Runs Through Alaskan Village

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Polar Bears’ Path to Decline Runs Through Alaskan Village

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December 19, 2016

Polar bears lives are starting to be threatened by the problems with the heating up of the planet. This is a scary thought to think of that the temperature in our world is what is creating different problems with the animals in the world. These animals are having to move to different parts of the world because of the heating up of the earth, but there is also a problem that these animals are having to move and are not able to find an environment that is suitable to them. In order to fix this, we need to stop global warming and save the animals that mean the most to us if we want our children and grandchildren in the future to know what animals like the polar bear and the penguin are. There are so many different ways to stop global warming it is just whether people are willing to put in the effort to stop it or if we will just let it take over the earth and have everyone suffer because we were too lazy to get up and do something to stop it from happening.

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/18/science/polar-bears-global-warming.html?rref=collection%2Fspotlightcollection%2Fclimate-casualties

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Review: In ‘Antarctica: Ice and Sky,’ a Scientist’s Life Work

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Review: In ‘Antarctica: Ice and Sky,’ a Scientist’s Life Work

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JAN. 19, 2017

Over the course of life, people do so many different things that no one would ever expect to have a huge impact on the environment. Simple things like burning a fire, to flying on an airplane can easily change the earth's temperature dramatically over time. Initially, man did not know if global warming was a man made phenomenon or if it was an artificial phenomenon. After much research on the topic, scientists concluded that it was in fact a man-caused phenomenon. In places such as Antarctica, this is very evident that global warming is occurring. There are many parts of the land that they snow is still there, but there are also many parts of the land that all the snow that used to be there ha slowly melted away over time. This snow going away means that some animals homes are being taken away from them. In turn, these animals have to find somewhere new to live because they no longer have the resources there anymore that they need to survive. These animals could then go extinct or endangered trying to find new homes because there might not be another home that will ever suit them like the first home did.

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/19/movies/antarctica-ice-and-sky-review.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FGlobal%20Warming&action=click&contentCollection=science&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=3&pgtype=collection&_r=0

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Large Sections of Australia’s Great Reef Are Now Dead, Scientists Find

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Large Sections of Australia’s Great Reef Are Now Dead, Scientists Find

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MARCH 15, 2017

This once huge coral reef that thrived with life and could be seen from outer space is now dead in most parts and dying in the rest. This reef started to die because of the temperature change which made the ocean start to heat up over time and the reefs could not handle the warm waters they were faced with. According to the article, "More southerly sections around the middle of the reef that barely escaped then are bleaching now, a potential precursor to another die-off that could rob some of the reef’s most visited areas of color and life." This shows how dangerous this heating up of the water is becoming to the fish and other animals that thrive on these reefs. These animals will soon need to find a new home, but while trying to find a new home for people is relatively simple it is not very simple for fish. These fish will have to swim all over the ocean in hopes of maybe seeing a new place that they are able to live. But while swimming around, many will die from being eaten by bigger animals or they may not be able to handle the changes in the temperature as they move north or south.
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/science/great-barrier-reef-coral-climate-change-dieoff.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fearth&action=click&contentCollection=earth&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=2&pgtype=sectionfront

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Spring Came Early. Scientists Say Climate Change Is a Culprit.

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Spring Came Early. Scientists Say Climate Change Is a Culprit.

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MARCH 8, 2017

The temperature went up and down throughout the last few years. Sometimes the winters are tough and long like last years, whereas this year the winter hardly even existed. To some people this was good, but if you think about it though, it is becoming quite dangerous that our winters are hardly existent. With the winter being so warm, he spring came what seemed to be extremely early being that it is February and most states have already experienced abnormally high spring temperatures. "By the 2017 calendar, the first day of spring is March 20. But spring leaves arrived in mid-January in some parts of the South, and spread northward like a wave. " This statistic just comes to show how bad it really is becoming and how warm our planet is becoming. If we don't stop this soon it could become an even bigger problems and certain plants and animals may not be able to survive.

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/08/climate/early-spring.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fearth&action=click&contentCollection=earth&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=sectionfront

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How Zoo Animals Learn to Help Take Care of Themselves

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How Zoo Animals Learn to Help Take Care of Themselves

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JAN. 18, 2017

Many animals are in danger in the wild, but some are even in danger in human care because they aren't able to survive the conditions of the zoos that they are put in. For example, gorillas do very well with the help of humans because they can get food easier and they are kept cleaner and healthier in general. One gorilla recntly died at the age of sixty, which is about twenty years longer than it would have lived in the wild. There are different ways that these animals need to handle these amentities that people give them. As stated, "keepers work to reduce the stress of care giving by training animals to be a part of their own care. Gorillas drink from bottles. Rhinos learn to get their teeth brushed. Lions are trained to get vaccines." This shows how much these animals have to learn when they are put into zoos, but the things that they learn to tolerate are the things that keep these animals alive for as long as possible. Back in the day, in order to get animals to do what they wanted zoo keepers could do almost anything. This included, "food deprivation, prodding with bull-hooks or roped restraints." These tactics were extremely dangerous to the animals, but people believed that they were necessary to getting the animals to do what they wanted. Later, people discovered the best way to get an animal to do what you want is to treat it with care and not with horrible strategies that hurt the animals.

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/science/colo-gorilla-zoo-animals.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fscience&action=click&contentCollection=science&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=7&pgtype=sectionfront

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Tasmanian Tigers’ Brains Yield Clues Long After Extinction

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Tasmanian Tigers’ Brains Yield Clues Long After Extinction

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JAN. 20, 2017

There are many animals around the world that have gone entict over time. Some of these animals include the dinosaurs, the woolly mammoth, and the Tasmanian tiger. The Tasmanian tiger was hunted until extinction because the people back then believed that the tiger was killing all of the sheep. They also believed that the sheep were very important to them, so they decided that since the sheep was more important they were going to be willing to kill off all of the Tasmanian tigers. The tasmanian tiger is similar to the wolf now a days, meaning that they were a predator and hardly ever prey. As stated in the article, "Tasmanian tigers looked as if they could be related to dogs, wolves or coyotes. But actually they are separated by more than 150 million years of evolution. It is a classic example of convergent evolution, in which two organisms that are not closely related develop similar features because of the environment they adapted to and the ecological role they played." People tried to keep these tigers alive as long as possible, but they just couldn't breed them and the last one died in a zoo in 1936. When this animal died and caused the species to go extinct scientist lost all ways of being able to study the animal and its personality.

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/20/science/tasmanian-tigers-brains.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fscience&action=click&contentCollection=science&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=sectionfront

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Climate Change Captured in Stunning Antarctic Ice Photos

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Climate Change Captured in Stunning Antarctic Ice Photos

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NOVEMBER 3, 2016

In this article, the reader learns that the climate changing is not only affecting humans, but it also affecting the land and the animals that live on the land. Over the years, NASA has been watching the melting ice in the Antarctica area and the Greenland . They were slowly noticing that ever year there becomes less and less ice. Many scientists that are watching over the ice melting, are noticing that it is the under part of the ice that is melting because how much warmer the water has gotten in that area. According to the article, "if all the ice on the world's land melted it would raise sea level about 216 feet." This would mean that the ice that we still have we need to figure out a way to keep frozen or else our ocean levels will go up, and that could cause some parts of land to become part of the ocean. For example, North America was covered with ice during the last ice age, which just comes to show how quickly the ice can melt and what it can lead to in the future. Since the ice melting for right now is avoidable, scientists and researchers need to figure out what it is that we can do to stop the ice melting as soon as possible or else it will be too late.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/11/nasa-ice-bridge/

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Major Ocean Current is Widening as Climate Warms

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Major Ocean Current is Widening as Climate Warms

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November 9, 2016

In Florida, researches are learning that ocean currents are becoming wider instead of strengthening like they should be. Once researchers noticed this, they looked into the climate change and thought that maybe the earth becoming warmer is causing there to be more winds in that part of the ocean. Researchers are really focusing on this because the current should be becoming stronger, but instead all it is doing is widening. This could be a problem for the fish and the other wildlife living there because they will have to adjust to these new conditions. According to this article, "One of the strongest currents in the world, the Agulhas Current flows along the east coast of South Africa, transporting warm, salty water away from the tropics toward the poles." Now that this current is expanding it can cause problems to the surrounding ecosystem and it can also cause problems to the poles because there might now be too much warm water going there. These warming rates are becoming extremely high and they are becoming dangerous to our environment. Researchers need to get a handle on these problems as soon as possible before they cause the ocean in the poles to become too warm and melt all of the ice that is left..

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161109133734.htm

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Giant Coral Reef in Protected Area Shows New Signs of Life

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Giant Coral Reef in Protected Area Shows New Signs of Life

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AUG. 15, 2016

Even though all around the world many coral reefs are dying from the newly warm temperatures some are trying to fight to get life back on them. For example, the coral reef right between Hawaii and Fuji is now fighting to come back to life after being declared dead in 2003. The article states "Then in 2015, a team of marine biologists was stunned and overjoyed to find Coral Castles, genus Acropolis, once again teeming with life." This is very important because now the life can make the reef come back to life sooner than anyone thought was possible. But as the earth gets warmer from global warming there are questions of whether this coral reef will be able to retain life. If people don't fix their ways and global warming continues and gets worse there will be no way for these reefs to be able to retain life for many more years.

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/science/coral-reef-climate-change.html?action=click&contentCollection=Climate&module=RelatedCoverage&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article