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a disease in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine.

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a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.

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a reaction to something.

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a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.

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the diminution or counteraction of an effect by its own influence on the process giving rise to it, as when a high level of a particular hormone in the blood may inhibit further secretion of that hormone, or where the result of a certain action may inhibit further performance of that action.

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the enhancement or amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process that gives rise to it.

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the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.

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the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord.

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an organ in the human or animal body that secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings.

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a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

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the major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.

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a large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon.

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one of a pair of ductless glands, located above the kidneys, consisting of a cortex, which produces steroidal hormones, and a medulla, which produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.

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a large ductless gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism.

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The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.

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a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.

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the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.

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a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.

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the cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers and associated tissue that is enclosed in the spine and connects nearly all parts of the body to the brain, with which it forms the central nervous system.

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a framework of bone or cartilage enclosing the brain of a vertebrate; the skeleton of a person's or animal's head.

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the central trunk of the mammalian brain, consisting of the medulla oblongata, pons, and mid brain, and continuing downward to form the spinal cord.

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its function is to coordinate and and regulate muscular activity.

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the principle and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure.

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a organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating center of sensation and intellectual and nervous activity.

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the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmit nerve impulses between parts of body.