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www.multipleintelligencesoasis.org
We understand that many people visit this page seeking resources on the topic of Dr. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.

We encourage visitors to review the FAQ section of this site, which contains a PDF of Gardner's replies to a number of common questions on various topics that have been received in past years. In addition, we offer the list of documents below which may be helpful to visitors.

In 2011, Frames of Mind was re-released. First published in 1983, and now available with a new introduction by Gardner, this trailblazing book revolutionized the worlds of education and psychology by positing the theory of multiple intelligences:

Other books about MI Theory theory include:

In addition, Dr. Gardner maintains a collection of papers on various topics connected to his multiple intelligences theory:

"In a Nutshell," the first chapter of Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons ()

Technology and Multiple Intelligences: "Can Technology Exploit Our Many Ways of Knowing?" ()

"The Theory of Multiple Intelligences: As Psychology, As Education, As Social Science" ()

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www.multipleintelligencesoasis.org We understand that many people visit this page seeking resources on the topic of Dr. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. We encourage visitors to review the FAQ section of this site, which contains a PDF of Gardner's replies to a number of common questions on various topics that have been received in past years.

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Source 1-
Gardner H. Multiple Intelligences: The First Thirty Years
New York. Feldman. 2011
Source 2-
Hausknecht. J. High level of practical intelligence a factor in entrepreneurial success. Personal Psychology. 2010

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J. Robert Baum stated that "Practical intelligence is an experience based accumulation of skills and explicit knowledge as well as the ability to apply that knowledge to everyday problems." His aim was to determine how practical intelligence impacted entrepreneurs' success. Baum and fellow researchers. had set out business scenarios from founders of newly started business and founders/ CEO's of successful and established printing companies. With this research, they would be able to identify these founders with different levels of practical intelligence, not only would this lead determine general intelligence and success it would determine is growth goals will lead to increased venture success. The participants were tested on how they dealt with financial resources, industry experiences, and strategy plans.
What was discovered after this research was even though many bits of intelligence do exist they discovered that practical intelligence is just one of many, but vital for success. Also, that practical intelligence was gained by learning from past experiences and applying that knowledge to enhance the enterprises.

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The articles that were researched on both were not similar but included information on multiple intelligence. There were some sources of error in these articles. In article one there was not an exact conclusion but it was enough to determine the aim. The participants' age was not stated nor their gender. It was not stated for how long this research went for. In article two the research was brief, and it was only conducted on successful printing companies, the ages of the participants were not stated nor their gender as well. The duration of the research was also not stated.

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The research question was 'Is intelligence a single ability or does it involve multiple abilities?' What was discovered was that intelligence does have multiple abilities or as others refer to it as multiple intelligence. These articles had proved the hypothesis right. What more research that could have been done was to read more books written by other psychologists, that has the same belief has Howard Gardner. The research that was gathered will most definitely be a benefit to doctors, psychologists, parents, teachers and the education system.
In the conclusions of the articles, there is a yes and no for generalizing to society as well known intelligence does have multiple abilities but it is considered talent. It is hard to generalize society as a whole, but the most population that does show signs in multiple intelligence is children. The hypothesis was proven right.

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Not enough information was given about ethical procedures in both the articles.
In common sense the participants would've had to give consent. But this was not stated.

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Howard Gardner has conducted research on his Multiple Intelligence theory. His aim was to create a set of measures whereby one could ascertain the intellectual profile of young children, preschoolers and those in the primary grades. What Gardner and his fellow work partners did was dividing up fifteen separate tasks that were designed to determine the eight bits of intelligence without the participants knowing they were being evaluated.
Observations were gathered as well as the tasks results, it was concluded that it was a lot of time and money to go towards these types of research. This led to Howard Gardner dropping one of his research projects that were related to his theory, as not enough research was obtained. But this result led to Garner going into more depth of his research and later on discovered that many children have a talent known as multiple bits of intelligence, unfortunately, these children are often labeled as 'learning disabled' or 'underachievers'.

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There have been a fair few of psychologists that have researched the question 'Is intelligence a single ability or does it involve multiple abilities?' Many don't have the answer or just theories to this question. The aim of this research was to investigate if intelligence does have multiple abilities also known as multiple intelligence. People who would be interested in this research topic will be psychologists, doctors of all sorts, parents of children at the age of primary school years and below, also teachers and the education system. Psychologists such as Howard Gardner who had an eight intelligence theory and Charles Spearman who had a general intelligence theory had a part in this research. The eight bits of intelligence that Gardner thought of were spatial, linguistic, kinesthetic, mathematical, interpersonal, musical, intrapersonal and naturalistic. General intelligence also known as the g factor thought of by Charles Spearman believes that the g factor is a "mental capacity that influences performance on cognitive ability measured by taking a mental ability test."

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Is Intelligence a single ability or does it involve multiple abilities?
It is predicted that intelligence does have multiple abilities.