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This Facebook page is open to Lucas family descendants
https://www.facebook.com/groups/338701069645619/

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Nathaniel Lucas and associated Families Norfolk Island Muster March 2020

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Nathaniel Lucas and associated Families Norfolk Island Muster March 2020

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Nathaniel Lucas and Olivia Gaskin arrived on Norfolk Island on 6 March 1788 aboard HM Supply. The 2020 Family Muster will showcase Nathaniel Lucas’s life on Norfolk Island as well as associated families such as Hodgetts, Murray, Rowley, Brooks, Cox, Saltmarsh and Stevens.

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Nathaniel Lucas and Olivia Gaskin arrived on Norfolk Island on 6 March 1788 aboard HM Supply. The 2020 Family Muster will showcase Nathaniel Lucas's life on Norfolk Island as well as associated families such as Hodgetts, Murray, Rowley, Brooks, Cox, Saltmarsh and Stevens.

Muster Package includes ...
Return 'Seat & Bag' airfare to Norfolk Island and all pre‐paid Airline taxes and Norfolk Island airport transfers
Seven nights in accommodation in - one bedroom or two-bedroom self-contained apartments (Single - twin/double - triple share or quad). Motel style rooms also available.
Hire car to explore Norfolk Island (one car per apartment or motel room)
Discovery Norfolk Island tour
Discover your ancestors land on Norfolk Island tour - visit all Nathaniel Lucas and associated family's lands.
Walk in the footsteps of your ancestors: Tour of old Sydney Town of the first settlement
Norfolk Island 1st Settlement Family History research zone

Norfolk Island anniversary Foundation Day 6 March 1788 re-enactment and celebrate the anniversary of Nathaniel Lucas and Olivia Gaskin arrival on Norfolk Island
Historic cemetery visit showcasing the 1st Settlement headstones.
Visit to the first Settlement burial ground.
Norfolk Island 1st Settlement History and Family History research resources and primary records
Norfolk Island First Settlement Lucas and associated Families Heritage Dinner
Norfolk Island Holiday tour bag
Personal heritage and history guide and much more

Pricing includes Air flights, Accommodation and Muster inclusions. Deposit is $400 per person with full payment by 15 Nov 2019. Bookings and final payment after this date, pricing are subject to change. Travel to Norfolk Island is considered Australian Domestic travel. Flights do leave International airports in both Sydney and Brisbane. A valid driving license - photo identification or passport is required for travel.
There is much to see and do on Norfolk Island:

See Captain Cook's landing place

Fascinating Eco‐tours and bush walking

Glass bottom boat coral reef trips

Visit the National Parks and Norfolk Island Museums

Norfolk Island Heritage Tours

Swimming at beautiful Emily Bay

Deep sea fishing

Go on a photography treasure trove of beautiful Norfolk Island

Discover your ancestors land on Norfolk Island

Swimming - snorkelling - fishing - golf

Experience the heritage of the Pitcairn Island Settlers and the Bounty mutineers

Contact us for further details

FAQ: Norfolk Island History Lovers

Travel Insurance to Norfolk Island

Norfolk has a unique beauty of its own, with its renowned tall majestic pines, sheer cliff faces, coral reefs and beautiful beaches. Almost one third of the island is devoted to National Parks and Reserves. But Norfolk Island is far more than a picturesque island in the South Pacific, it is paradise with a past.

What was once a convicts' nightmare is now the tranquil home of the descendants from the Mutiny on the Bounty, who have their own unique culture and their own language.
Hosted by Australian History Research and Heritage Tourism. Bookings and Enquires Ph: 02 4455 4780 or email: office@australianhistoryresearch.info

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Nathaniel Lucas and associated Families Norfolk Island Muster

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Nathaniel Lucas and Olivia Gaskin arrived on Norfolk Island on 6 March 1788 aboard HM Supply. The 2020 Family Muster will showcase Nathaniel Lucas's life on Norfolk Island as well as associated families such as Hodgetts, Murray, Rowley, Brooks, Cox, Saltmarsh and Stevens. Muster Package includes ...

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Nathaniel Lucas - a Convict (biography) 

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Nathaniel Lucas - a Convict (biography) 

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Martin Warwick (2016)

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St Luke's Church Liverpool NSW (information & photos + Nathaniel Lucas biography)

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St Luke's Church Liverpool NSW (information & photos + Nathaniel Lucas biography)

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The Family Historian

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Cnr Northumberland St and Elizabeth Dr, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW, 2170

Want to have a look at St Luke's Church Liverpool NSW on Google Maps and Street View? Feel free to use the links below:

Google Maps

View on Google Maps

Street View

View Street View

History

On the 7th November 1810, St Luke's Church was conceived when Governor Lachlan Macquarie directed the acting surveyor to mark out a square at the centre of the proposed town of Liverpool as the site for the building of the new church.

Prior to St. Luke's Church Liverpool being built there are records that the Reverend Samuel Marsden, of St. John's Parramatta, had baptised children who had been born in the Liverpool District prior to 1810. The first entries in the original register bear Samuel Marsden's name against: "Edward Fletcher, born 8th March, 1808, baptised 19th May 1811. Samuel Marsden conducted church services in Liverpool, as he was able. Church services were held in a Government building located in Bigge St. The building also operated as a school.

The first clergyman to be exclusively employed in Liverpool was the Rev. John Youll. In 1816 John Youll was appointed the Acting Chaplain at Liverpool until his residence had been built at George Town, Tasmania. He conducted the first marriage in Liverpool between Robert Burrow and Emma Goodwin, 23rd December 1816. John Youll served the Liverpool area for a period of three years.

Building the church

The founder of St. Luke's Church Liverpool was Governor Lachlan Macquarie. In a letter to Earl Bathurst, Secretary of State for the Colonies, dated 4th April 1817 Macquarie writes,

"A man named Francis Howard Greenway, who came out here in 1814, and who is an architect of some eminence in England, having been recommended to me by Governor Phillip, I have employed him as civil architect. I propose to build a church at Liverpool. I shall give a contract for the building immediately, paying the expenses from the Colonial Fund. I have already had a very neat house erected in Liverpool."
Francis Greenway, the architect of St. Luke's, had been found guilty of forgery in England and his death sentence was commuted to transportation as a convict to New South Wales to serve his 14 years sentence. Because of his qualifications as an architect he was soon given a ticket of leave and he set up an architectural practice in George St in Sydney Town.

One of the early references to St. Luke's in the Government Orders, Civil Department, 28/11/1818 is a statement regarding payment to William Stone for travelling expenses surveying churches at Liverpool and Windsor.

Nathanial Lucas, who was a convict in the First Fleet, was contracted to build the church at Liverpool. In the "Sydney Gazette" 14th February 1818, in the statement of public accounts it says, "To Mr. Nathanial Lucas, being the first instalment of his contract for erecting a church at Liverpool, £330."

Given this statement in the Sydney Gazette, it seems that construction of the building had started prior to the laying of the foundation stone. Gov. Macquarie wrote in the April of 1818,

"Tuesday, April 7th, 1818. Mrs. Macquarie and our dear boy went in a carriage from Parramatta to Liverpool with Secretary Campbell and Major Antill on horseback. Breakfasted and accompanied by Mr. and Mrs. Moore and the Rev. and Mrs. Youll and principal inhabitants to the town, proceeded to the spot and after the ceremony, I laid the foundation stone."

In a later letter Gov. Macquarie wrote,

"This morning ... I went through the ceremony of laying the corner foundation stone of the church, naming it 'St. Luke's Church'. My dear son Lachlan assisted me in a very active and manly manner to lay the foundation stone of St. Luke's Church."

A gift of three gallons of rum was issued to the contractors and workmen.

Francis Greenway had what might be best described as a difficult working relationship with Nathaniel Lucas and quarrelled with Lucas over the quality of the sandstone being used on the building. Greenway alleged that Lucas was much addicted to the bottle, and that he was using very poor stone at the church. During the construction of St. Luke's, on the 5th May 1818, Nathanial Lucas body was found laying in the mud of the river at Liverpool; his death as said, "to have proceeded from his own act, owing to mental derangement." This claim, however, was never proven. He was aged 54. Nathanial Lucas' headstone was removed from the first cemetary in Liverpool and is now located adjacent to St. Luke's bell tower.

The contract for St. Luke's was taken over by a Mr James Smith. Francis Greenway's working relationship with James Smith was no easier. Greenway insisted that Smith's unsatisfactory work be re-done. This insistence led to James Smith's bankruptcy. The construction of the bell tower was marred with tragedy when a convict workman hanged himself and three other convicts, while sheltering from a storm in the half finished tower, were struck by lightening and killed.

A number of payments are recorded in the Government orders for the building of St. Luke's. The total cost of the building was £1570. The building was substantially completed during the last quarter of 1819 and opened for its first church service during October 1819. As such, St. Luke's claims to be the oldest standing Anglican Church in Australia.[1] St. Luke's Day, the 18th October, is considered to be the anniversary of this historic church building.

An Awkward Start

The Rev. Robert Cartwright was appointed as the first Rector (Senior Minister) of St. Luke's Liverpool. Robert Cartwright was a member of the Evangelical Union in England and arrived in Australia in 1810. He first appointment in the colony of New South Wales was Green Hills, now Windsor. Due to financial challenges at Green Hills, he asked to be transferred to Liverpool. When Robert Cartwright arrived in Liverpool in 1819 the church still lacked plaster on the walls and furnishings. Robert Cartwright deemed the schoolhouse inadequate and so on St. Luke's Day, 18th October 1819 the church gathered at St. Luke's Liverpool. The church has gathered here ever since.

In January 1822 the Rev. Samuel Marsden wrote,

"I admit there is one church in the colony in which the litany is read and not furnished with pews and that is at Liverpool. The Rev. R Cartwright, without due consideration, entered that church without pulpit, desk or pews, when I was sent to New Zealand, but he has repented much, ever since for doing so ... Mr. Cartwright has been obliged to carry his chairs out of his own house to the church for the accommodation of his people to this very day - if the Rev. R. Cartwright had been guided by the how and the Royal Instructions I have no doubt that he would have saved himself much trouble and anxiety."

It seems that Robert Cartwright's hasty start led to St. Luke's consecration being overlooked. In 1956, when Moore Theological College was celebrating it's centenary, it was found that St. Luke's had never been consecrated. Archbishop Mowll subsequently consecrated St. Luke's on the 10th March 1956. A brass plaque in St. Luke's marks that occasion.

Since that awkward start on St. Luke's Day 1819 Christians have been gathering at St. Luke's Church. It needs to be said that the history of any church is neither the history of the building nor the history of the ministers who served God's people. The history of any church is the story of God's work in the lives of His people who gathered together to encourage each other to live as disciples of Jesus and reach out to others with the good news of Jesus Christ. St. Luke's is no museum piece locked into the early 19th century. St. Luke's Liverpool continues to be an active, growing Christian church for all people in the heart of the city of Liverpool.

Nathaniel Lucas's Headstone Inscription

SACRED

in the MEMORY OF

NATHANIEL LUCAS

who departed this Life

the 28th day of APRIL 1818
Aged 54 years
He left a Widow and a large Family

consisting of Seven sons and Four

daughters to Lament the loss of a

Kind Husband (the rest is missing)

Please Note: Historical information and historical images gathered from the St Luke's Website

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St Luke's Church Liverpool NSW - The Australian Family Historian

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St Luke's Church Liverpool NSW. Designed by architect, Francis Greenway and built in 1818 by Nathaniel Lucas until upon his death in May of that year.

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Nathaniel Lucas : Olivia Gascoigne (biographies)

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Nathaniel Lucas : Olivia Gascoigne (biographies)

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Cheryl Timbury (2015)

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Nathaniel Lucas
was sentenced at the Old Bailey on 7 July 1784 to transportation for seven years for theft of a few items of clothing. Said to be a carpenter and joiner, he spent time in the Ceres and Censor hulks before being sent to Scarborough on 27 February 1787. On 14 February 1788 after the Fleet's arrival, Lucas was sent to Norfolk Island with the group to settle the island, and making himself a valuable assert as a carpenter in the new community. Amongst the group sent to Norfolk Island was:

Olivia Gascoigne
who had been indicted when sentenced to death at Worcester on 5 March 1785 for theft from a dwelling house of coins totalling £3.17.6d. She was reprieved to seven years transportation on 28 December and held in Worcester gaol until ordered to Southwark gaol. From Southwark she went with the group of women who embarked on Lady Penrhyn on 31 January 1787.

By the time of their arrival on Norfolk Island, Olivia and Nathaniel lived together. She bore him children annually to a total of 13, eleven of whom survived infancy. On 31 December 1792 Nathaniel was appointed superintendent of convict carpenters, blacksmiths and sawyers, and settled on 15 acres and was selling grain to stories. The family returned to Port Jackson in 1805 and in February 1806 Nathaniel had erected an octagonal smock mill on the esplanade at Fort Phillip, two pairs of millstones to come from Norfolk Island. After a period as a private builder, Nathaniel became superintendent of carpenters in NSW. Many of his buildings are well known today. On 5 May 1818 his body was found in the river mud at Liverpool, his death believed to be suicide from mental derangement, due to constant drinking.

Following Nathaniel's death, Olivia went to VDL in 1818 with six of her surviving children and settled on 100 acres at Port Dalrymple. She was buried there on 12 June 1830, her age given as 69.
Honouring their WW1 descendants
6472 Geoffrey Raymond ArcherPrivate 12 th Infantry Battalion 21 st Reinforcements
Born 25 January 1898 Deloraine Tasmania to Francis Hooker and
May Emma (Downward) Archer
Occupation Miner

Enlisted 31 August 1916 Claremont Tasmania, aged 18 years
Next of kin father Frances Archer, Cape Barren Island Tasmania
Embarked 30 September 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Suffolk A23
Service in France
Killed in action 6 April 1917 Bullecourt France
Commemorated Villers-Bretonneux Memorial, Villers-Bretonneux, Picardie, France

Panel 64 in the Commemorative Area at the Australian War Memorial

5042 Frank Lucas Bolitho (Brother to Samuel Henry Bolitho)
Private 7 th Infantry Battalion 16 th Reinforcements - 13 to 23 Reinforcements (December 1915 - November 1916)
Acting Sergeant 14 August 1916, France and Etaples
Born 1893 Eaglehawk Victoria to William and Ellen (Shard) Bolitho
Occupation Salesman
Served 2 years in Senior Cadets
Enlisted 16 July 1915 Bendigo Victoria aged 22
Next-of-kin mother, Mrs E Bolitho, 167 Gladstone Street Quarry Hill, Bendigo VictoriaEmbarked 1 April 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Suffolk A23
Service in France
Admitted Tidworth Military Hospital England 29 May 1917, suffering from mastoid disease and underwent three operations for it, he finally developed meningitis
Died 26 May 1917 through illness

Buried 29 May 1917 with full Military Honours in Tidworth Military Cemetery, Tidworth Wiltshire, United Kingdom
Grave No 193, Plot C
The funeral cortege consisted of Headquarters Band, Firing Party, Gun Carriage and from 80 to 100 NCO's and men

411 Samuel Henry Bolitho (brother to Frank Lucas Bolitho)Private 8 th Machine Gun Company - 2 to 9 Reinforcements (May to December 1916)
transferred 5 th Division Machine Gun Company
Sapper transferred 16 th Light Railway Operating Company from 4 th Machine Gun Company
Born 1882 Sandhurst (Bendigo) Victoria to William and Ellen (Shard) Bolitho
Occupation Loco Driver
Enlisted 15 March 1916 Port Augusta South Australia, aged 33
Next of kin wife Mrs Ann Elizabeth Bolitho, Port Augusta South Australia
Embarked 20 October 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Port Lincoln A17
Service in France
Returned to Australia 3 February 1919 on HT Discharged 6 March 1919

2636 Charles Jamieson Hodgetts (Brother Harold James Hodgetts)
Private 57 th Battalion
Born 11 April 1896 Emu Bay Tasmania to Alman Albert and Jane Elizabeth (Davis) Hodgetts
Occupation Mill hand
Enlisted 6 May 1916 Melbourne Victoria, aged 19 years
Next of kin father Mr AA Hodgetts Yarra Junction and 25 Chestnut Street Carnegie Victoria
Embarked 18 September 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMATS Service in France
Killed in action 29 September 1918
I saw him killed by a Machine Gun bullet at Bullecourt. He was taken out and buried but I cannot say where. I knew him and was at school with him. He came from Yarra Junction. He was in the same Platoon as me.
Sergt. REF Atkins 3277, 57 th Australians A.4
I knew Casualty. He was a well built man, 5'10", dark complexion about 26 years of age. Casualty was in the Front Line at Bullecourt. He was going from the trench to position on the Railway line, when a M.G. bullet penetrated his chest killing him instantly. I was a few yards away from him at the time of his death. I carried him into a Shell Hole and he was left there until next day when he was buried. A cross with his Name, Number and Unit on it was erected over his grave.
Informant: 3409 Hefford Pte, 57 Btn.
(Australian Red Cross Society Wounded and Missing Bureau files 1914-1918 War)
Buried 25 January 1919 Bellicourt British Cemetery

1398 Harold James Hodgetts (Brother to Charles Jameson Hodgetts) Private 29 th Australian Infantry Battalion - 1 to 6 Reinforcement (November 1915-April 1916)Born 2 April 1893 Emu Bay Tasmania to Alman Albert and Jane Elizabeth (Davis) Hodgetts
Occupation Labourer
Enlisted 2 August 1915
Next-of-kin father Mr AA Hodgetts, Yarra Junction, Victoria
Embarked 10 November 1915 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Ascanius A11
Service in France
Killed in action 1 December 1916 on the Somme France
Honoured Villers-Bretonneux Memorial, Villers-Bretonneux Picardie, France

7580 Hector Lachlan Hodgetts
Private 40 th Battalion from 25 th Reinforcements 12 th Battalion AIFBorn 15 December 1889 Cressy Tasmania to Richard and Martha (Boxhall) Hodgetts
Occupation Farming
Enlisted 18 October 1916 Claremont, Tasmania aged 26
Next-of-kin mother Mrs Martha Hodgetts, Burnie Tasmania
Embarked 14 June 1917 Sydney New South Wales aboard HMAT Hororata A20
Disembarked 26 August 1917 Liverpool England
Service in France - Wounded in Action
Admitted to the 11 th Field Ambulance on 24 August 1918 suffering from gunshot Wound in Back.
Transferred to the 41 st Casualty Clearing Station, France where he died on 30 August 1918
Buried the same day at Daours, Chaplain the Rev AJ Titson officiating
Daours Community Cemetery Extension, 2¾ miles west of Corbie France

2487 John Hodges (Hodgetts)Private 7th Infantry Brigade, 26 th Battalion, 5 th Reinforcements
Born 15 December 1889 Longford Tasmania to Albert Richard and Harriet John (Reynolds) Hodgetts
Occupation Labourer
Enlisted 25 June 1915 Claremont, Tasmania, aged 25
Next of kin sister Miss Ada Hodges Deloraine Tasmania
Embarked 9 September 1915 Hobart Tasmania aboard HMAT Ballarat for Brisbane
Embarked 5 October 1915 Brisbane Queensland aboard HMAT Wardilda A69

Service in France
Killed in Action 29 July 1916 Pozieres France
Previously reported missing
Informant states that on the night of July 29th 1916 at Pozieres they made an attacked but failed and were driven back and as they returned he saw Pte J Hodges lying dead in the ridge of the trench.
Informant - Pte J Smith 3696, 26 th AIF C Coy
WA Wood No. I Platoon, A Coy, 26th Australians saw Hodges standing on the top of the parapet at Pozieres. He was saying the Germans could not hit him when instantly a sniper caught him and killed him outright
(Australian Red Cross Society Wounded and Missing Files)
Honoured Villers-Bretonneux Memorial, Villers-Bretonneux, Picardie, France

377 George S.E. (Tommy) Honeysett
Private 1 st Battalion
Born 1893 Mudgee NSW to George and Louisa Mary (Lucas) Honeysett
Occupation Blacksmith
Enlisted 29 August 1914 Radwick New South Wales, aged 21 years
Next of kin father G Honeysett, 140 Young Street Redfern Sydney NSW
Embarked 18 October 1914 Sydney New South Wales aboard HMAT Afric A19
Service France
Killed in Action 22 July 1916 France
He belonged to the Intelligence Section, and was killed on the day we came out of Pozieres (July 22-25)
(Red Cross Society Wounding and Missing files)
Previously reported missing
Honoured Villers-Bretonneux Memorial, Villers Bretonneux, Picardie, France

5220 Charles Thomas Hortle Sapper 1 st Tunnelling Company
Born 8 November 1886 Casterton Victoria to Charles Augustus and
Dinah Ann (Emery) Hortle

Enlisted 17 November 1915 Dubbo New South Wales, aged 20
Next of kin brother Reginald G Hortle, Hermidale, New South Wales
Embarked 19 July 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Armadale A26
Re-embarked 24 August 1916 Capetown South Africa aboard Orsova
Service in France
Returned to Australia 8 February 1918 on HT Balmoral Castle
Discharged 15 May 1918
Died 2 November 1958 Cobar New South Wales

7285 Thomas Roy HortlePrivate 24th Reinforcement 12 th Battalion
transferred 12 th Infantry Battalion 30 November 1917Born 17 April 1892 Longford Tasmania to Thomas John and Catherine (Ridley) Hortle
Occupation Farmer

Enlisted 6 February 1917 Westbury Tasmania, aged 24
Embarked 10 February 1917 Adelaide South Australia aboard HMAT Seang Bee A48
Service FranceAdmitted to the 2 nd Australia Field Ambulance with a gunshot wound to the left thigh
On 12 January 1918 was sent to the 2 nd Australian Casualty Clearing Station where he died the same day from his wounds
Buried Trois Arbres Cemetery, Steenwerck, France, Plot 2, Row D, Grave 3

6880 Alfred Darcy Lucas (brother to Donald Grantworth Lucas)
Private 3 rd Infantry Battalion - 13 to 23 Reinforcements (December 1915 - November 1916)
Born 1 November 1892 Nanima Creek, Murrumbateman New South Wales to Hamilton Hume and Isabella (Marks) Lucas

Occupation Farming
Enlisted 23 August 1916 Cootamundra New South Wales, aged 23
Next of kin father Hamilton Lucas, Bickom New South Wales
Embarked 8 November 1916 Sydney New South Wales aboard SS Port Nicholson
Service on the Western Front France
Killed in Action 14 April 1918 by shell fire in an estaminet at Strazeele
Buried Outtersteene Communal Extension Bailleul, Nord Pas de Calais, France
Plot 11, Row B Grave 4

Cecil Rodwell Lucas MID56 th and 53 rd Australian Battalions, 14 th Infantry Brigade
Born 4 June 1887 Ashfield New South Wales to Edgar and Catherine (Rodwell) Lucas
Education at Sydney Grammar School
Occupation Barrister-in-law, Judge's Associate
Appointment 5 May 1915 aged 27
Next of kin father Edgar Lucas, 21 Giersbone Street Waverley New South Wales
Embarked 12 May 1915 Sydney New South Wales aboard HMAT Themestocles A32
Appointed Lieutenant 5 May 1915
Promoted Temporary Captain 8 October 1915
Promoted Captain 1 April 1916
Promoted Major 1 April 1917
Service in Gallipoli, Suez Canal Defences and Sinai Peninsula, Egypt and France
Mention in Sir Douglas Hague Despatch 9 April 1917
This Officer has served in Gallipoli, Egypt and France, and cannot be praised too highly for the way in which he has carried out his duties. During the period the Battalion was in the Fleurbaix Sector, Captain Lucas took charge of the raiding party from the Battalion. He was responsible for the organisation of the party and also for the preliminary training in the art of raiding. By Captain Lucas' training and fine leadership, he was able to inspire a feeling of confidence throughout all ranks of the party and was thus largely instrumental towards the success of both raids. Since the Battalion has been in the Somme area this Officer's work has been extremely satisfactory. On more than one occasion he has been in command of the Battalion, carrying out his duties very satisfactorily indeed.
London Gazette1 June 1917
Commonwealth of Australia Gazette 4 October 1917
Returned to Australia 23 June 1919 on HT Orita
Appointment terminated at Sydney New South Wales 8 October 1919
Died Concord New South Wales 3 April 1962

388 Charles Alfred LucasPrivate A Company 18 th Battalion 5 th Brigade
transferred 2 nd Machine Gun Battalion
Born 29 May 1892 Five Dock, Cumberland New South Wales to John Hector and
Kate Winter (Gilbert) Lucas
Occupation Farmer
Enlisted 18 May 1915 Liverpool, New South Wales, aged 23
Next of kin sister Miss Lucas
Embarked 25 June 1915 Sydney New South Wales aboard HMAT Ceramic A40
Service in Gallipoli Peninsula
Returned to Australia 9 May 1919 on HMS Kildonan Castle
Discharged 9 July 1919
Died 20 July 1972 New South Wales

Charles Garnet Lucas
Lieutenant 'A' Squadron 4 th Light Horse Regiment
Born 26 October 1891 Camperdown Victoria to Charles Thomas and Margaret (McGarvie) Lucas
Educated at Pomborneit State School
Border at Geelong Grammar in 1906
Occupation Grazier
Appointment 20 August 1914, aged 23
Next of kin wife Ursula Kathrine Lucas
Embarked 19 October 1914 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Wiltshire A16
Wounded in action 8 August 1915 at Gaba Tepe Gallipoli Turkey
Returned to Australia 20 October 1915 on HS Appointment terminated from 3 April 1916
Died 28 April 1949 Camperdown Victoria

643 Donald Grantworth Lucas (brother to Alfred Darcy Lucas) Corporal 1 st Light Horse Brigade, 1 st Light Horse Regiment, 1 st Reinforcements
Born 16 December 1891 Namina Creek, Murrumbateman, New South Wales to Hamilton Hume and Isabella (Marks) Lucas

Occupation Farmer
Enlisted 5 September 1914 Sydney New South Wales, aged 22
Next of kin father Hamilton Hume Lucas, Ardletham via Temora New South Wales
Embarked 20 December 1914 Sydney New South Wales aboard HMAT Boorara A14
Service in Gallipoli, Egypt and Palestine
Died of wounds 15 July 1918 at Anzac Receiving Station
Buried Palestine now between Israel and Jordan, known as Jerusalem War Cemetery, Israel
Plot H, Grave 34

4531 Herbert Richard LucasPrivate 22nd Infantry Battalion, 13 to 23 reinforcement (15 December-16 November 1916)Born Colac 1884 to George Richard and Mary (Kenyon) Lucas

Occupation Labourer
Enlisted 22 September 1915 Melbourne Victoria, aged 32
Next of kin father Mr GR Lucas, 17 Edinburgh Street, Burnley Victoria
Embarked 28 January 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Themistocles A32
Returned to Australia 30 January 1918
Died 7 May 1919 East Melbourne Victoria

4745 Herbert Sammons LucasCaptain 1 st Australian Mobile Veterinary Section, July 1916, Reinforcements
Born 1 November 1892 Glebe New South Wales to Percy Charles and
Eliza Ann (Stewart) Lucas
Occupation Veterinary Surgeon
Previously served in the Australian Field Artillery, Citizen Military Forces
Enlisted 29 July 1916, aged 23
Next of kin father PC Lucas Bertswood Ingleburn New South Wales
Embarked 29 July 1916 Sydney New South Wales aboard HMAT Orsova A67
Service Western Front
Returned to Australia 1 November 1919
Discharged 7 February 1920
Died 17 March 1963 Concord New South Wales

1584 Joseph Hamilton LucasPrivate, 5 th Light Horse 12 th Reinforcements transferred to 2 nd Light Horse
Transferred 15 January 1916 to 2 nd Light Horse Field Ambulance
Born 17 July 1893 Brisbane Queensland to Nathaniel Thomas and Annie Jane (Bush) Lucas
Occupation Car Driver
Enlisted 26 January 1916 Brisbane Queensland
Next of kin, father NT Lucas
Embarked 23 November 1915 Brisbane Townsville aboard HMAT Suffolk A23
Returned to Australia 27 April 1919 on HT Discharged 26 July 1919

4340 Lancelot Charles Francis LucasPrivate 11 th Infantry Battalion, 13 th Reinforcements
Born 1891 Murrumbeena Victoria to Alfred Henry Nathaniel and Ellen Agnes (Read) Lucas

Occupation Telephone Operator
Enlisted 26 October 1918 Perth Western Australia
Next of kin father Mr AH Lucas c/- Station master, Kalgoorlie Western Australia
Embarked 17 January 1916 Fremantle Western Australia aboard HMAT Borda A30
Stationed England
Returned to Australia 4 May 1918 on SS Orontes
Died 19 June 1957, Como Western Australia

424 Thomas Frederick Lucas Private 5 th, 57 th, 60 th Battalions and 15 th Infantry Battalion Light Trench Mortar Battery
Born 14 May 1895 Talbot Victoria to Thomas Henry and Martha Jane (Dunn) Lucas
Occupation Driver
Enlisted 21 August 1914 Albert Park Victoria aged 22
Next of kin mother Mrs M Lucas 8 Wellington Street Richmond Victoria
Embarked 21 October 1914 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Orvieto A3
Service France
Returned to Australia 14 January 1917 on HS Died 13 March 1976 Heidelberg Victoria

4832 Harold Albert Manson (Brother to Henry George Manson and Leslie Roy Manson) 8 th Infantry Battalion 15 th Reinforcements
Lance Corporal 23 February 1917Born 1894 Warrnambool Victoria to Edward and Margaret (Hyde) Manson
Occupation Cabinet Maker
Enlisted 10 November 1915 Ballarat Victoria, aged 21
Next of kin father Edward Manson c/- 83 Magpie Street Ballarat East Victoria
Embarked 7 March 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Wiltshire A18Service in France
Returned to Australia 23 January 1919 on Died 1963 Fawkner Victoria

4546 Henry George Manson (Brother to Harold Albert Manson and Leslie Roy Manson) Lance Corporal 14 th Battalion 14 th Reinforcements
Born 1890 Warrnambool Victoria to Edward and Margaret (Hyde) Manson
Occupation Boot Maker
Enlisted 2 August 1915 Melbourne Victoria, aged 25
Next of kin wife Mrs G Mason Murray Street, Warrnambool Victoria
Embarked 18 February 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Ballarat A70
Service in France
Killed in action 11 April 1917 Bullicourt France
Honoured Villers-Bretonneux Memorial, Villers-Bretonneux, Picardie, France

2430 Leslie Roy Manson (Brother to Harold Albert Manson and Henry George Manson) Private 37 th Battalion, 10 th Brigade, 3 rd Australian Division
Born 1896 Warrnambool Victoria to Edward and Margaret (Hyde) Manson
Occupation Labourer
Enlisted 25 August 1914 Melbourne Victoria, aged 20
Next of kin father Mr Edwin Manson, Warrnambool Victoria
Embarked 20 October 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Port Lincoln A17
Transferred 2 December 1916 at Sierra Leone to HMAT Borda for Plymouth England
Service in France
Killed in Action 30 May 1917 France
Buried Strand Military Cemetery, Ploegsteert, Wallonie, Belgium

1042 Charles Fenton Robinson MMDriver 43rd Australian Field Artillery Battery
Born 1896 Warrnambool Victoria to Joseph and Ellen Olivia (Davies) Robinson
Occupation Labourer
Enlisted 24 September 1914 Melbourne Victoria aged 18 with consent of parents
Embarked 22 December 1914 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Ulysses A38
Service Gallipoli Peninsula and France
Awarded the Military Medal 31 October 1917, for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. On October 20th when carrying rations to his Battery position at TOKIO (East of Ypres), a heavy barrage was put down by the enemy. One of his horses being wounded by a shell, Driver C.F. Robinson distributed his load between himself and the remaining horse, and in spite of the continued heavy shell fire and his horse being repeatedly bogged, he stuck to his work until he succeeded in delivering the rations to the Battery. Similar gallant and timely service has been repeatedly rendered by this Driver throughout the period from 10th September to 28th October 1917.
London Gazette4 February 1918
Commonwealth of Australia Gazette 27 June 1918
Returned to Australia, disembarking 1 December 1918 Sydney New South Wales
Discharged 31 January 1919
Died 24 July 1939 Prahran Victoria

5148 Edwin George SimmondsPrivate 6 th Infantry Brigade 22 nd Battalion
13 - 18 reinforcements (July-November 1916)
Born 1896 Bendigo William Dalrymple and Margaret McCallum (Robertson) Simmonds
Occupation Labourer
Enlisted 28 February 1916 Melbourne Victoria aged 21
Next of kin sister Mrs Ellen Davidson 4 McPherson Street Footscray Victoria
Embarked 3 July 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Ayrshire A33
Service in Belgium
Died of Wounds 27 March 1918 at 2 nd Casualty Clearing Station
Buried Outtersteene Communal Cemetery Bailliul Nord France

10979 Rupert David Stephens
Gunner 5th Field Artillery Brigade 14 th Battalion
Born 29 March 1894 Longford Tasmania to Isaac Marks and Olivia (Miller) Stephens
Occupation Teacher

Enlisted 8 October 1915 Claremont Tasmania, aged 21
Embarked 5 January 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Afric A19
Service Zeitoun Egypt
Returned to Australia 10 December 1917 on HS Beltana A72
Discharged 12 January 1918
Died 1970 Longford Tasmania

3701 Alfred Edward Taylor (Brother to Frederick Henry Taylor)
Private 25 th Battalion 8 th Reinforcements
Born 1 July 1893 Launceston Tasmania to Alfred Edward and Gertrude Sarah (East) Taylor
Occupation Motor Mechanic
Enlisted 16 September 1915 Claremont Tasmania aged 23
Next of kin Father Alfred E Taylor Launceston Tasmania
Embarked 5 January 1916 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Afric A19
Service in France
Returned to Melbourne Victoria 22 October 1917 per Pakea then by steamer to Hobart
Discharged 22 December 1917 Hobart Tasmania
Died 13 June 1921 Launceston Tasmania as a result of WW1 wounds

994 Frederick Henry Taylor (Brother to Alfred Edward Taylor)
Private 40 th Infantry BattalionBorn 10 September 1897 Launceston Tasmania to Alfred Edward and Gertrude Sarah (East) Taylor
Occupation Baker

Enlisted 24 March 1916 Claremont Tasmania aged 21
Next of kin Father Alfred Edward Taylor 23 Albion Street Invermay Tasmania
Embarked 1 July 1916 Hobart Tasmania aboard HMAT Berrima A35
Service in France
Wounded in Action 28 March 1918
Died 31 March 1918 of wounds at 3 rd Canadian Station Hospital Boulogne France
Buried Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No.1 France
Plot 6, Row C47

835 Arthur Edwin Webster (Brother to Lewis Edward Webster) Lance Corporal 8 th Infantry Battalion 'B' Company
Corporal 28 April 1915 Gallipoli
Born 26 October 1890 Launceston Tasmania to Edward Samuel and Rosalie Jane (Lucas) Webster
Occupation Piano Builder
Enlisted 17 August 1914 Surrey Hills Victoria aged 24
Next of kin father Edwin Samuel Webster 9 Railway Parade Camberwell, Victoria
Embarked 19 October 1914 Melbourne Victoria aboard HMAT Benalla A24
Service Gallipoli, Ottoman Empire
Killed in action 31 July 1915 Gallipoli Peninsula
Buried Shrapnel Valley Cemetery, Gallipoli Turkey, about 400 yards south east of Anzac Cove

3023 Lewis Edward Webster (Brother to Arthur Edwin Webster)
Private 29 th Infantry Battalion 1 to 6 Reinforcement (November 1915 - April 1916)
Born 23 February 1895 Lefroy Tasmania to Edward Samuel and Rosalie Jane (Lucas) Webster
Occupation Mechanic
Enlisted 20 February 1916 aged 20
Next of kin Edwin Samuel Webster 9 Railway Parade Camberwell, Victoria
Embarked Melbourne HMAT Euripides A14
Service in France
Killed in Action 9 August 1918 Somme, France
Buried Heath Cemetery Harbonniers. Amiens Harbonniers France

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Nathaniel Lucas was sentenced at the Old Bailey on 7 July 1784 to transportation for seven years for theft of a few items of clothing. Said to be a carpenter and joiner, he spent time in the Ceres and Censor hulks before being sent to Scarborough on 27 February 1787.

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Nathaniel Lucas (biography + convict indent, images of headstone, newspaper articles)

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Nathaniel Lucas (biography + convict indent, images of headstone, newspaper articles)

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Lyons-Barton Family (2014)

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BIRTH:
Nathaniel Lucas was born in England in 1764. The only official reference to his birth I have been able to find so far is in the Archives Office of Tasmania.
OCCUPATION:
Joiner and Carpenter
MARRIAGE:
First: Margaret Mitchell - 25th August 1782.

Second: Olivia Gascoigne - 1791, Norfolk Island. I have been unable to find any official record that gives a specific date for this marriage

COURT PROCEEDINGS - 7th JULY 1784

719. NATHANIEL LUCUS was indicted for feloniously stealing, on the 6th of July , one cotton apron, value 4 s. one towel, value 2 d. six muslin aprons, value 12 s. nine muslin handkerchiefs, value 18 s. three muslin caps, value 3 s. a muslin shawl, value 5 s. the property of Mary Davis , spinster .
MARY DAVIS sworn.
I am a single woman, I live in Red-lion street, Holborn , with my father; on Tuesday last I lost the things mentioned in the indictment from my father's house, I went out about five in the evening, I went to the drawer in the garret for an apron, and the drawer was full as usual, the casement was left open by neglect, when I returned about eleven I went to put the same apron back, and the drawer was forced open and all the things gone, they were all in this drawer but the cotton apron and old towel, I am sure I left it locked.

Court. Can you speak with precision to these identical things? - I am sure I missed them all, as soon as I found I was robbed my father went to the next door, and I immediately recollected the things I had lost, and upon that recollection I now speak (The things produced and deposed to) all the handkerchiefs are marked except one that is worked by my sister, I am sure it is mine, and this shawl my sister worked, the cotton apron I marked, and one of the muslin ones, the others are worked ones, I know them particularly, the towel is not marked, I cannot speak so positively to that as the rest, I know nothing of the prisoner.
JOHN DAVIS sworn.
I am a painter, I suspected the prisoner, who lodged at the next door, at a public house, I got a constable and beadle, and went up into the prisoner's room along with the publican, the prisoner was in bed, we looked about the room and could see nothing, and we at last made him get up, and between the sacking and the feather bed there was this cotton apron, and the towel, I found nothing else in that room, and in the adjoining room, the door of which was latched not locked, and which was an empty room, we found all the rest of the things doubled up in a feather bed, I knew the shawl particularly, because I drew the pattern for my daughter to work it; I took the prisoner next day to the Justice, the things have been in my possession ever since.

Court. Is there a possibility of getting out of one garret window into another? - By going along the parapet wall it is very easy, the parapet is even.

Could a man get in at that casement? - Very easy.
WALTER CARWARDINE sworn.
I keep a public house in Red-lion-street, I have more lodgers besides the prisoner, and upon the same floor, I have an infirm old lady in the back room about eighty.

Court. Have you any other lodgers in the house? - Yes, in the two pair of stairs; I went up with Mr. Davis, he came in and asked me what lodgers I had; I said all were good but one that I did not know, that my wife took in.

Is this old lady very active? - No, Sir, she goes double, she is three-quarters of an hour going from the top of the house to the bottom.

Did the prisoner say any thing about the things? - He said he did not know any thing of any of the things; them are the things we found which are produced.

Prisoner. Why did not he like me?

Court. That is not evidence, unless you chuse to have it so, unless you chuse to put the question.

Prisoner. I chuse to put the question? - Because he had no box nor any thing there, and I did not go after his character, and he seemed rather a surly kind of a man.

Prisoner. Because I did not go to his house to get drunk, I always went to bed by nine o'clock, he did not like me for that, and his wife asked me for the money before it was due, and I was rather surly to her.
JOHN FREEMAN sworn.
It was my night to sit up at the watch-house, I went up stairs with Mr. Davis; Mr. Davis looked upon the wall to see if he could see any marks of foot-steps, but we did not, it was very dry weather; I made the man get up up, and between the sacking and the bed there was this apron and towel, and I found the other things in the empty room, as they have been described; the prisoner said he knew nothing of them, but his countenance changed very much; he was not in bed though he pretended to be.

Was he or not asleep? - He pretended to be asleep, but it is a thing impossible for him to be asleep, because there was so much noise in the room.

How long was it before you awoke him? - About five minutes.

Did he appear to be in sleep during that time? - Yes, we took him to the watch-house.

Court to Miss Davis. Are you sure the cotton apron is your's? - Yes, my Lord, it is marked.
PRISONER's DEFENCE.
I am very innocent, another person is as likely to go into the room where I slept as I was myself, the room was always open; there was one man slept with me at times.

Court to Mr. Davis. When you went up, did you find his room locked? - No, the door was open.

Court to the Publican. What time did he go to bed? - About nine, I did not see him after.

Court to Prisoner. Have you any witnesses? - No.

What are you? - A joiner and carpenter .

Have not you a master to speak for you? - My master said he would come to speak for me at the Justices unknown to me, this gentlemen here heard what character he gave me; there was a man slept with me at times.

Mr. Carwardine. The man had not slept with him for two nights, and nobody was in bed in the room but the prisoner when I went up.

VERDICT: GUILTY .

SENTENCE: Transported for seven years .

Tried by the London Jury before Mr. ROSE.
TRANSPORTATION TO BOTANY BAY
Nathaniel Lucus was transported to Botany Bay on the ship "The Scarborough" in what became known as the First Fleet.
NORFOLK ISLAND
Six weeks after arriving in Botony Bay Nathaniel Lucus was one of the hand picked First Fleeters to be sent to Norfolk Island. There were 23 settlers: 7 freemen, 15 convicts and the commandant, Lieutenant Phillip Gidley King.

Whilst on Norfolk Island he married fellow First Fleeter Olivia Gascoigne in 1792. (This differs from a more widespread date (1791) but I have not found any official record with this particular date on it. I have ordered the death Certificate of Olivia Gascoigne and hope a marriage date is noted).

1789 Birth of daughter Ann Lucas
17th August 1790 Birth of twin daughters Mary and Sarah
1792 Birth of son William Lucas
14th August 1792 Death of twin daughters Mary and Sarah The following is a extract from a letter Nathaniel wrote to his Father but for whatever reason was not delivered and is now held in the Mitchell Library:

" ...I had the unspeakable misfortune to lose two twin girls by an accident which could it be reprsented in a proper manner, would awaken the most tender feelings and melt the hardest heart into sympathy. It was by the fall of a Pine Tree which stood near my house which burried my lovely infants in the ruins and almost my worthy partner who merely escaped with her life, for she was dragged out into a situation in which her life was despaired of. Oh! Father I am not able to express the poignant grief I felt on this very shocking scene without dwelling long upon the subject together with the variety of misfortunes liable to those who transgress the Laws of their Country."
DEATH
Nathaniel Lucus died under mysterious circumstance on the 28th April 1818. His body was found on the beach near Moore Bridge, Liverpool.

Although not in the best shape (according to church staff, someone from the family of Nathanial Lucas came a long time ago and tried to clean the head stone up but unfortunately used the wrong chemicals) it has been possible to make out the inscription.

In Memory of
NATHANIEL LUCUS
of Sydney
who departed this Life
the 28th day of APRIL 1818

Aged 54 Years

He left a Widow and large Family
consisting of Seven Sons and Four
Daughters to Lament the life of a
kind Husband and Indulgent
Father

The headstone is currently located against the outside wall of St Lukes Church, Liverpool, Sydney.
PICTURE GALLERY SOURCES:

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THE LIFE AND TIMES OF NATHANIEL LUCUS BIRTH: Nathaniel Lucas was born in England in 17641. The only official reference to his birth I have been able to find so far is in the Archives Office of Tasmania. OCCUPATION: Joiner and Carpenter2 MARRIAGE: First: Margaret Mitchell - 25th August 17823.

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Nathaniel Lucas Convict and Pioneer on Norfolk Island (biography)

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Nathaniel Lucas Convict and Pioneer on Norfolk Island (biography)

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Diana Kupke/Mann (2016)

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Nathaniel Lucas Convict | England to Australia

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My great great great grandfather, Nathaniel Lucas, was a twenty year old when he came before Mr Rose and a jury, on 7 July 1784, at the Sessions, Justice Hall, Old Bailey on a charge of stealing clothing to the value for 40 shillings.

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The Reading Family Story  The Old Bailey (Nathaniel Lucas criminal charges from The Proceedings) 

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The Reading Family Story  The Old Bailey (Nathaniel Lucas criminal charges from The Proceedings) 

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Our Family Past

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Nathaniel Lucas, joiner, carpenter and builder, was living in Red Lion Street, Holborn, London, in July 1784 when he was charged with Feloniously Stealing Clothing with a Value of 40 Shillings. His case was heard before Mr. Justice Rose at the Old Bailey. He was convicted by a jury, and sentenced to transportation for seven years.

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The Reading Family Story Nathaniel Lucas (biography + images of church, headstone

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The Reading Family Story Nathaniel Lucas (biography + images of church, headstone

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Our Family Past

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Nathaniel also plied his building trades, and on 11 June 1795 was appointed the island's Master Carpenter, a post he held until 1805. When the settlement was abandoned in April 1805, the Lucas family returned to Sydney on Matthew Flinder's ship, the Investigator.

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The Reading Room Family Story Ann Lucas (biography)

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The Reading Room Family Story Ann Lucas (biography)

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Our Family Past

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Soon after, the newly formed Faro family (that included Maria Williams and Thomas Williams) left Launceston for Victoria. They lived for a time at 1 Lonsdale Street in Melbourne, before moving to Portland Bay. The family eventually settled at Yangery, near Port Fairy, and farmed there until Thomas Faro's death in 1859.

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A Convict Built Flour Mill is Being Considered for Heritage Listing (John Lucas flour mill newspaper article + photos)

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A Convict Built Flour Mill is Being Considered for Heritage Listing (John Lucas flour mill newspaper article + photos)

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Doug Conway (2016)

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LOCAL heritage groups want to protect the site of a convict-built watermill near Holsworthy, one of the earliest surviving mill sites in NSW.

The mill was built in the 1820s by John Lucas, son of First Fleet convict miller Nathaniel Lucas and the man whose name is remembered in the suburb known until recently as Lucas Heights. The mill on Williams Creek at Voyager Point, and another Lucas mill at Engadine in southern Sydney, may be of state significance, the NSW office of environment and heritage says.

The office is asking for submissions by November 14 before deciding whether to recommend heritage listing.

Remains of the mill include a trench cut through rock, likely to have been the mill race, and two rock and concrete dams.

A substantial three-storey house by the creek was pulled down by the army in 1914, probably to use the stone in building the nearby WWI German concentration camp at Holsworthy, historians believe.

"It seems one part of history was destroyed to create another. The remains of the mill are a part of Liverpool's rich past and its heritage will be lost if we don't have it listed," said Vicki Andrews of the Moorebank Heritage Group. "This is the site of some of the earliest industrialisation and commercialisation in Liverpool," said group member Phil Hurren.

John Lucas, born in 1796 on Norfolk Island, where his parents married, followed in the footsteps of his father. Drought and flood hampered his two mills on tributaries of the Georges River.

He is believed to have avoided paying duties on the flour he produced by shipping it in small boats to Liverpool, and using land transport to take it directly to the markets in Sydney, thereby evading customs in Port Jackson.

He was declared bankrupt in 1828 and his mills were transferred to creditors. He recovered financially, largely due to an inheritance received by his wife Mary Rowley, daughter of wealthy land owner and Captain of the Marine Corps, Thomas Rowley.

They had 10 children and lived at the mill before he became a prominent landholder in the Burwood district. He died in 1875 at Murrumbateman.

Mill facts

■ The mill was built in the 1820s by John Lucas using convict labour

■ It was one of two built by Lucas. The other was constructed at Engadine

■ There was a three story stone house at the site, but it was demolished in 1914

■ Flour produced at the mill was taken overland to markets in Sydney instead of by sea to avoid customs agents

■ The NSW Wales Office of Environment and Heritage is considering it for heritage listing

■ Public submission on the proposed listing close on November 14

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LOCAL heritage groups want to protect the site of a convict-built watermill near Holsworthy, one of the ­earliest surviving mill sites in NSW. The mill was built in the 1820s by John Lucas, son of First Fleet convict miller Nathaniel Lucas and the man whose name is remembered in the suburb known until recently as Lucas Heights.

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The Lucas Family (biography of Olivia & Nathaniel)

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The Lucas Family (biography of Olivia & Nathaniel)

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Cheryl Timbury (2011)

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Nathaniel Lucas
The history of the Lucas family in Australia begins at London's Old Bailey in July, 1784, with the trial of Nathaniel Lucas, who was sentenced to seven years transportation for the theft of linen clothing to the value of £2.2s.2d.

Nathaniel was evidently out of favour with the wife of the publican at the Red Lion Inn at Holborn, near London, where he had lodgings. They had clashed over her demands for early payment of board, and his lack patronage of the inn's bar. The day following this exchange, the stolen articles were found in the mattress on Nathaniel's bed. He protested his innocence at the trial, stating that several people had access to the room which he shared with another man. Nathaniel was a joiner and carpenter by trade, aged approximately twenty-four when convicted. While awaiting transportation, he spent almost three years in the unhealthy, overcrowded conditions on a hulk in the Thames River. These unseaworthy ships were used to house the overflow from the prisons in a most unsanitary state.

Olivia Gascoigne
The other major character in our story is Olivia Gascoigne, twenty-four years old, of the parish of Severn Stoke, in the County of Worcester. At the Worcester Lent Assizes in March 1785, she stood trial for the theft "with force of arms", of thirteen gold guineas and one foreign silver dollar, valued in all at #13.17s.6d. Olivia was sentenced to be hanged, but fortunately, as this was the day before the judge was to retire, he commuted all his current death sentences as a final act from the Bench, and she was imprisoned, awaiting transportation.

First Fleet
The convicts of the First Fleet were all aboard ship for up to four months before they set sail. Nathaniel on the Scarborough and Olivia aboard the Lady Penrhyn, where the women were said to be filthy and almost naked many suffering fever or venereal diseases. The fleet sailed without clothing for the female convicts, despite repeated applications by Governor Phillip to the British Home Office. They also left without the convicts' papers giving details of their crimes and sentences. These were important in providing Phillip with records of the type of people with whom he could be found a nation, and the time that he would be obliged to grant them land, at the expiry of their sentences. Governor Phillip was most meticulous in the care of the convicts, insisting they be given a period of time each day on deck for exercise, without their chains, and providing fresh food whenever possible, to prevent scurvy.

Sydney Cove to Norfolk Island
Little more than a fortnight after the First Fleet reach Botany Bay, Olivia and Nathaniel were chosen by Lieutenant Phillip Gidley King to begin a settlement at Norfolk Island. His party of twenty-three, including fifteen convicts - nine men and six women - chosen for their good behaviour, left Sydney on 15 February 1788, aboard the Supply, arriving off Norfolk Island hirteen days later. Norfolk Island was uninhabited, but the settlers were disappointed that their early attempts at growing food were devastated by grubs, rats and other pests, and at the mercy of strong winds off the sea. They managed to supplement their diet with turtles, fish and mutton birds and having selected some land well away from the coastal winds, they achieved success with crops and vegetables in July and August of 1788.

Nathaniel and Olivia remained at Norfolk Island until 1803, during which time they produced eleven children. The first Ann was born in March 1789, two months after the birth of Norfolk King, the first child born on the island to Governor King and convict Ann Innett. Twin daughters of Nathaniel and Olivia were killed just before their second birthday, when a Norfolk Island pine fell on the house, quite severely injuring Olivia, whose life was feared for as a result. Apparently Nathaniel had lit a fire to clear the land around the house, and expected the tree to fall away from the house. During his stay on Norfolk Island Nathaniel was directed to erect a watermill for the settlement, and permitted to build a windmill on his own "estate".

Norfolk Island Letter - 1796
In 1796 when Philip Gidley King travelled back to England from Norfolk Island, he took with him a letter from Nathaniel Lucas address to his father John Lucas:

Sydney: Norfolk Island
New South Wales
20th Oct 1796

Dear Father,
After so long an absence, an account of my state of health and situation will no doubt be pleasing to you, and I have the pleasing satisfaction to acquaint you that me and my family are all in perfect good health and thank God and my own industry are very comfortably situated.
My Family at the present time consists of my wife and four children, two boys and two girls. I had the unspeakable misfortune to lose two twin girls by an accident which could it be represented in a proper manner, would awaken the most tender feelings and melt the hardest heart into sympathy. It was by the fall of a Pine Tree which stood near my house which buried my lovely infants in the ruins and almost my worthy partner who merely escaped with her life, for she was dragged out into a situation in which her life was despaired of. Oh! Father I am not able to express the poignant grief I felt on this very shocking scene without dwelling long upon the subject together with the variety of misfortunes liable to those who transgress the Laws of their Country. I can now with truth assert that I Have surmounted them all and with the Blessing of God I hope that in the course of two years to return to my native Country with a competency for Life. I am Master Carpenter of this Island for which I receive a salary of Fifty Pounds per annum. I have two Freeholds consisting of 75 acres of Land. I should be wanting very much to Gratitude if I did not acquaint you that my present good fortune is to be imputed in a measure to the humane goodness and assiduous respect of Left: Gov King who has ever promoted my interests since my residence on this Island. Perhaps it will not be un-entertaining to you to give you some account of this Island which I believe to be one of the most fertile in the world. It produces two crops in the year; one of Wheat and Another of Indian Corn. The crops of Wheat is rather precarious on account of the variance of the Climate. Potatoes and Vegetables of all kinds are produced in great abundance and will grow in any month of the year provided there is a little rain when planted.
The wheat harvest generally commences about December, which is for the most part excessive hot, often accompanied with thunderstorms - the Indian Corn is usually planted in June and January. This island produces several kinds of fruits, watermelons, bananas, a rich and ...red berry called tomatos or goozeberries, a native cone which grows upon vines. Grapes, figs, apples, lemons, and various other kinds of fruits coming to great perfection. Fish of excellent quality are plentiful on this coast, hogs are bred here in great quantities, poultry without ... quantity of sheep and goats. I had the honour under the direction of Lieut. Gov. King to construct a water mill for the government and a windmill on my own estate.
I have permission from His Honor Lieut. Gov. King fro you or any of my friends to wait upon him who will afford any necessary assistance you may require.- Do not fail in embracing the first opportunity in writing to me, remember me to all my family and friends and relations. Farewell and may God almighty bless you.
From
Your affectionate son
Nath Lucas

P.S. remember me to my Brothers and Sisters and to all Enquiring friends and any one of my relations may wait upon Gov. King, who will acquaint you particularly of my Situation

The letter from Nathaniel to John Lucas, was never delivered, since it forms part of the collection of Governor PG King's Papers ML, C891 held by the Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW

Sydney to Van Diemen's Land to Victoria
Nathaniel and Olivia returned to Sydney in 1803, where Nathaniel was employed at the Government lumber yard, as a supervisor of over fifty men, in 1804. He was also responsible for building part of the Old Mint in Macquarie Street (formerly the Rum Hospital), and the vicarages at Parramatta and Liverpool. In 1804 Phillip Gidley King, who had been appointed Governor of New South Wales, invited Nathaniel to erect a windmill for the Government at Church Hill (where the Sydney Harbour toll gate now stands), and gave permission to Nathaniel to build another for his own use in the Government Domain (sited near the present State Library of New South Wales). The windmills were prefabricated at Norfolk Island and brought to Sydney on HMS Investigator. This type of mill was constructed in a way not built in the colony previously. They were of the post type, with propellers rotating on a post, their direction determined by sails placed like rudders. Modern wind powered bores work on the same principle. Nathaniel's fortunes waxed and waned in the following years. He was granted a liquor licence in 1809, and built the Trafalgar Hotel on Church Hill. He leased land at Liverpool and began grazing, farming and wheat growing, whilst continuing to engage in building activities. In 1817 Olivia and the younger children (including Mary Ann and William were engaged in boat building and the family owned land near Launceston).

In January 1818, Nathaniel was contracted by Francis Greenway, convict architect, to build St Luke's church at Liverpool, and was present there on April 7, 1818, when Governor Macquarie laid the foundation stone. On the 28 April 1818, Nathaniel was dead. Following an argument with Greenway, who accused Nathaniel of using inferior stone in the church, and of being intoxicated, Nathaniel was missing from his home for several days.

A contemporary record exists stating that Nathaniel, previously a teetotaller, was suffering from a disease of the mouth, and enduring severe and intolerable pain, for which he used rum as an analgesic, which was the usual practice. His body was found in the Georges River at Liverpool by two of his sons. He was aged 54. Olivia lived in Van Diemen's Land until her death in June 1830, aged 69 years, and was buried at St John's Church of England, Launceston. Nathaniel was buried in Liverpool; his headstone now stands in the grounds of St Luke's Church of England, Liverpool. Nathaniel and Olivia left behind a large family of children and grandchildren. Ann, their eldest daughter, who married Charles Williams in Sydney in 1807, had a least ten children. Their second daughter Olivia married Charles Mills of Woodbine" Port Fairy. John Lucas, seventh child of Nathaniel and Olivia, married Mary Rowley, daughter of Captain Thomas Rowley of the Marine Corps in 1817.

Their eldest son John, a builder and carpenter by trade, became an MP, serving at some time of his political career in Henry Parkes' Ministry. He was an advocate for Free State schools, reformatories for wayward children, trade protection, and many other causes. He was one of the first to visit Jenolan Caves in 1861 and worked to have them opened to the public. One of the largest caverns was named after him, as was Lucas Heights, various roads and other areas around NSW.

Victoria
Thomas, the youngest son of Nathaniel and Olivia, came to Victoria in approximately 1839, with his wife, also the child of two convicts, and their first five children. They moved to Geelong in 1840, where Thomas worked as a builder.

The fifth child of Thomas and Margaret (nee Sydes), another Olivia, married James Long in Geelong in April 1856, later moving to Ballarat, where James established the Sunshine Biscuit Company. Thomas and Margaret had a family of thirteen, two of whom died in infancy, and they adopted a son, John. Their eldest Richard also had thirteen children, of two marriages. His first wife, Harriet Prestage, gave birth to six children, and died, aged 33, when the youngest was twelve months old. Richard's son, Frank Prestage, married Jane Gibb, the daughter of two convicts, who died twelve months after birth of her fifth child at the age of 32. My grandfather, Frank Gordon Lucas, was the youngest of Jane's children. Several of Nathaniel and Olivia's sons became builders, a trait which continues to the present descendants, and as so many of their children produced large families by today's standards. The Lucas family is thought to be the largest "descendants of convicts" group in Australia.

Sydney
At a family reunion held at the Old Mint in Sydney in January 1988, approximately four hundred of us met and talked about ourselves and past members of our families. A conservative estimate suggests that there are at least thirty-five thousand people living in Australia who are descended from our First Fleet convicts. Nathaniel and Olivia, who, despite their mode of arrival in this country appear to have played a considerable part in its development during the past 200 years.

Helen LUCAS

Article featured in the First Fleet Folio, June 1997

Further References: Bateson, Charles Bradley, William, Cobley, Dr John Collins, David Gillen, Mollie, King, Jonathan, Lucas, Russell Edwin White, John
The Convict Ships 1787-1868, Brown, Son & Ferguson, Glasgow, 1959
A Voyage to New South Wales, The Journal of Lieutenant William Bradley of HMS Sirius 1786-1792 Ure Smith Pty Ltd, 1969
Sydney Cove 1788 The first year of the Settlement in Australia Holder & Stoughton, 1963
An Account of The English Colony in New South Wales (originally published in 1798) Vol.1 Edited by Brian H Fletcher: Published in association with the Royal Australian Historical Society

The Founders of Australia - A Biographical Dictionary of the First Fleet Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1989
The First Fleet The Convict Voyage that founded Australia 1787-88 The Macmillan Co of Aust Pty Ltd, 1982
The Lucas Report - Transported Six Times Over, 1992Kroehnert, Rhonda and Taber, Betty Nathaniel & Olivia -The Lucas Family, 1992McKay, Peter (2001) A Nation within a Nation - The Lucas Clan in Australia 2001 (republished in Book and CD format) Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales with Biographical Introduction by Rev Rienits, Angus and Robertson, published in association with the Royal Historical Society, 1962
Wikipedia

Illustrations
Picturesque Atlas of Australia, edited by Andrew Garran: Illustrated under the supervision of Frederic B Schell, assisted by Leading Colonial and American Artists (1886-1888)

© First Fleet Fellowship Victoria Inc 2011

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Nathaniel Lucas The history of the Lucas family in Australia begins at London's Old Bailey in July, 1784, with the trial of Nathaniel Lucas, who was sentenced to seven years transportation for the theft of linen clothing to the value of £2.2s.2d.

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1796 Norfolk Island Letter from Nathaniel Lucas (transcript of letter written to Nathaniel's father in 1796)

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1796 Norfolk Island Letter from Nathaniel Lucas (transcript of letter written to Nathaniel's father in 1796)

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Australian History Research

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In 1796 when Philip Gidley King travelled back to England from Norfolk Island , he took with him a letter from Nathaniel Lucas address to his father John Lucas:

Sydney:Norfolk Island
New South Wales
20th Oct 1796

Dear Father,

After so long an absence, an account of my state of health and situation will no doubt be pleasing to you, and I have the pleasing satisfaction to acquaint you that me and my family are all in perfect good health and thank God and my own industry are very comfortably situated.

My Family at the present time consists of my wife and four children, two boys and two girls. I had the unspeakable misfortune to lose two twin girls by an accident which could it be represented in a proper manner, would awaken the most tender feelings and melt the hardest heart into sympathy. It was by the fall of a Pine Tree which stood near my house which buried my lovely infants in the ruins and almost my worthy partner who merely escaped with her life, for she was dragged out into a situation in which her life was despaired of.

Oh! Father I am not able to express the poignant grief I felt on this very shocking scene without dwelling long upon the subject together with the variety of misfortunes liable to those who transgress the Laws of their Country. I can now with truth assert that I Have surmounted them all and with the Blessing of God I hope that in the course of two years to return to my native Country with a competency for Life. I am Master Carpenter of this Island for which I receive a salary of Fifty Pounds per annum. I have two Freeholds consisting of 75 acres of Land. I should be wanting very much to Gratitude if I did not acquaint you that my present good fortune is to be imputed in a measure to the humane goodness and assiduous respect of Left: Gov King who has ever promoted my interests since my residence on this Island. Perhaps it will not be un-entertaining to you to give you some account of this Island which I believe to be one of the most fertile in the world. It produces two crops in the year; one of Wheat and Another of Indian Corn. The crops of Wheat is rather precarious on account of the variance of the Climate. Potatoes and Vegetables of all kinds are produced in great abundance and will grow in any month of the year provided there is a little rain when planted.

The wheat harvest generally commences about December, which is for the most part excessive hot, often accompanied with thunderstorms - the Indian Corn is usually planted in June and January. This island produces several kinds of fruits, watermelons, bananas, a rich and ...red berry called tomatos or goozeberries, a native cone which grows upon vines. Grapes, figs, apples, lemons, and various other kinds of fruits coming to great perfection. Fish of excellent quality are plentiful on this coast, hogs are bred here in great quantities, poultry without ... quantity of sheep and goats. I had the honour under the direction of Lieut. Gov. King to construct a water mill for the government and a windmill on my own estate.

I have permission from His Honor Lieut. Gov. King fro you or any of my friends to wait upon him who will afford any necessary assistance you may require.- Do not fail in embracing the first opportunity in writing to me, remember me to all my family and friends and relations. Farewell and may God almighty bless you.

From
Your affectionate son
Nath Lucas

P.S. remember me to my Brothers and Sisters and to all Enquiring friends and any one of my relations may wait upon Gov. King, who will acquaint you particularly of my Situation letter[1]

[1] Letter from Nathaniel Lucas to John Lucas, 1796 in Governor PG King's Papers, ML, C891.

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1796 Norfolk Island Letter from Nathaniel LucasAustralian History Research

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In 1796 when Philip Gidley King travelled back to England from Norfolk Island , he took with him a letter from Nathaniel Lucas address to his father John Lucas: Sydney:Norfolk Island New South Wales 20th Oct 1796 Dear Father, After so long an absence, an account of my state of health and situation will no doubt be pleasing to you, and I have the pleasing satisfaction to acquaint you that me and my family are all in perfect good health and thank God and my own industry are very comfortably situated.

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Nathaniel Lucas' Headstone outside St Luke's Church Liverpool

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Nathaniel Lucas' Headstone outside St Luke's Church Liverpool

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2017

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Fellowship of First Fleeters Plaque at Nathaniel Lucas' headstone plaque

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Fellowship of First Fleeters Plaque at Nathaniel Lucas' headstone plaque

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St Luke's Church Liverpool

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St Luke's Church and the Parsonage Liverpool (drawing)

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St Luke's Church and the Parsonage Liverpool (drawing)

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Flour Mill built by Nathaniel's son John Lucas in Holsworthy 

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Flour Mill built by Nathaniel's son John Lucas in Holsworthy 

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Royal Australia Historical Society (1914)

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Hunter & Bradley

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Fellowship of First Fleeters Plaque at Broadland Park Launceston (burial site of Olivia Lucas)

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Fellowship of First Fleeters Plaque at Broadland Park Launceston (burial site of Olivia Lucas)

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(erected 1988)

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Copy of the original letter from Nathaniel Lucas to his father in England (Image 2)

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Copy of the original letter from Nathaniel Lucas to his father in England (Image 2)

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Nathaniel Lucas (1796) undelivered/returned

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Burials of First Fleeters in Van Diemen's 1807 - 1860 (featuring Olivia Lucas)

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Burials of First Fleeters in Van Diemen's 1807 - 1860 (featuring Olivia Lucas)

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(will find author later)

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Copy of the original letter from Nathaniel Lucas to his father in England (Image 1)

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Copy of the original letter from Nathaniel Lucas to his father in England (Image 1)

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Nathaniel Lucas (1796) undelivered/returned

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Australian Dictionary of Biography (2016)

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Entity - Settlers' Blocks on Norfolk Island 1796 - Australian Dictionary of Biography

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Click on the coloured areas on the map for more information, or on one of the links below to show that location on the map. Zoom in to see what exists at each location. Note the colours have been added based on another map produced at the time, the Plan of the Settler's Lots and the Ground Cultivated for Publick on Norfolk Island 1796.

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Nathaniel Lucas (plaque details & biography)

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Nathaniel Lucas (plaque details & biography)

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Monument Australia

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Plaque erected to Nathaniel Lucas who arrived on the First Fleet. Nathaniel Lucas (1764-1818) was a convict transported to Australia on the First Fleet. His occupation was listed as carpenter. Lucas was tried at the Old Bailey, London, on 7 July 1784 for feloniously stealing clothing with a value of 40 shillings.

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Nathaniel Lucas - Convict (biography & presentation)

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Nathaniel Lucas - Convict (biography & presentation)

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Preetham Kadappu (2013)

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Nathaniel Lucas Convict Carpenter Contributor The Hardships The Life of a Convict Pre-Convict Capture and Police Force Punishment The New Land In Prison On the Voyage In England Birth In Australia Convicthood Birth, Life and Death Nathaniel Lucas was born in Surrey, England (inferred from the letter he sent to his father at this location), in the year of 1764, to John Lucas and Mary Bradford.

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St Luke's Church History Established 1819 

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St Luke's Church History Established 1819 

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St Luke's Church

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Mary and Sarah Lucas Plaque Norfolk Island

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Mary and Sarah Lucas Plaque Norfolk Island

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Australian History Research

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Twins Mary and Sarah Lucas were born 17 Aug 1790 on Norfolk Island. Daughters of Nathaniel Lucas (Convict Scarborough 1788) and Olive Gascoigne (Convict Lady Penrhyn 1788). Both arrived on Norfolk Island, as part of the first landing party on 6 Mar 1788, leaving Port Jackson in Feb 1788 aboard the Supply.

Mary and Sarah were killed, when a large Norfolk Island Pine tree fell on the Lucas family house on 2 Feb 1792.

Lucas Twins plaque, Emily Bay Norfolk Island, courtesy of Lucas descendant Anne Kane

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Mary and Sarah Lucas, died Norfolk IslandAustralian History Research

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Twins Mary and Sarah Lucas were born 17 Aug 1790 on Norfolk Island. Daughters of Nathaniel Lucas (Convict Scarborough 1788) and Olive Gascoigne (Convict Lady Penrhyn 1788). Both arrived on Norfolk Island, as part of the first landing party on 6 Mar 1788, leaving Port Jackson in Feb 1788 aboard the Supply.

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Kate Matthew (2011)

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Lucas, Nathaniel | The Dictionary of Sydney

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Nathaniel was well respected by Lieutenant-Governor King and when Norfolk Island was to be evacuated in 1805, King suggested that Nathaniel return to Sydney instead of accompanying the majority of Island residents to Van Diemens Land.

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Mary Ann Lucas (sister in law of Nathaniel Lucas - biography) 

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Mary Ann Lucas (sister in law of Nathaniel Lucas - biography) 

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Australian Dictionary of Biography (2005)

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Biography - Mary Ann Lucas - Australian Dictionary of Biography

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Although acknowledged to be kindly, George was unable to cope with the bawdy, unseemly behaviour of the girls and the lack of support from staff. An inquiry by the Public Charities Commission (1871-73) elicited strong criticism of the Lucas administration.

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Lapstone Zig Zag     (includes information on Lucasville station built for John Lucas)

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Lapstone Zig Zag     (includes information on Lucasville station built for John Lucas)

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Wikipedia (last update August 2017)

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The Lapstone Zig Zag was a zig zag railway built near Lapstone on the Great Western Railway of New South Wales in Australia between 1863 and 1865, to overcome an otherwise insurmountable climb up the eastern side of the Blue Mountains. The ruling grade was already very steep at 1 in 33 (3%).