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10. "Why does an electrical shock freeze up muscles?" Physiology - Why does an electrical shock freeze up muscles? - Biology Stack Exchange. Accessed April 19, 2017. https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/34546/why-does-an-electrical-shock-freeze-up-muscles.

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10. "Why does an electrical shock freeze up muscles?" Physiology - Why does an electrical shock freeze up muscles? - Biology Stack Exchange. Accessed April 19, 2017. https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/34546/why-does-an-electrical-shock-freeze-up-muscles.

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Explains elecricity's effect on muscles, how electrical signals flow through the body to muscle fibers and contracts them.

This explains how the beetle's muscles are controlled with electrical signals.

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9. Vincent, James. "DARPA-funded prosthetic arm set to go on sale later this year." The Verge. July 11, 2016. Accessed April 19, 2017. http://www.theverge.com/2016/7/11/12147726/prosthetic-luke-arm-commercial-launch-2016.

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9. Vincent, James. "DARPA-funded prosthetic arm set to go on sale later this year." The Verge. July 11, 2016. Accessed April 19, 2017. http://www.theverge.com/2016/7/11/12147726/prosthetic-luke-arm-commercial-launch-2016.

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LUKE arm detects electrical signals from the brain and turns it into mechanical motion.

This is how beetles are controlled, electrical signals are sent to a muscles and it causes movement.

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Explains how myoelectric prosthesis works. Electrodes on an amputated limb pick up electrical signals sent from the brain and translate them into motor functions. This allows people to essentially have a bionic hand that they can control like a regular hand.

This can be used to explain how the beetles are controlled: synthetic brain signals are sent to the muscles of the beetle, which then contract and cause limb movement.

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7. "Do insects feel pain?" Ask an Entomologist. December 08, 2016. Accessed April 19, 2017. https://askentomologists.com/2016/08/29/do-insects-feel-pain/.

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7. "Do insects feel pain?" Ask an Entomologist. December 08, 2016. Accessed April 19, 2017. https://askentomologists.com/2016/08/29/do-insects-feel-pain/.

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This breaks down how humans have anthropomorphized animals in assuming that they feel the same sensations as we do. In fact, insects do not feel pain like humans do. A process called "nociception" allows them to feel pressure and temperature changes, but not necessarily pain.

Many people are against cyborg beetle research because they believe that it hurts the beetles, this information can be used to discredit that belief and support this research.

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Explains how the beetles could be used as alternatives to remote controlled drones. Remote controlled drones require constant human control, whereas the beetles will maintain a straight flight path; humans are only needed to change its direction.

This depicts some more applications for for this technology.

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5. MotherboardTV. "The Cyborg Beetles Designed to Save Human Lives." YouTube. November 29, 2016. Accessed April 19, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgLjhT7S15U.

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5. MotherboardTV. "The Cyborg Beetles Designed to Save Human Lives." YouTube. November 29, 2016. Accessed April 19, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgLjhT7S15U.

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This youtube video shows a journalist entering the lab and speaking with the researchers behind this project. It gives a close look at the research they are conducting and allows you to see what they have achieved so far.

This video gives more details about the science behind the technology. The researchers explain how it all works, how they are controlled and they give some background informatio.

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4. LaBossiere, Mike. "The Ethics of Cyberbugs." Talking Philosophy. December 04, 2012. Accessed March 14, 2017. http://blog.talkingphilosophy.com/?p=6413.

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4. LaBossiere, Mike. "The Ethics of Cyberbugs." Talking Philosophy. December 04, 2012. Accessed March 14, 2017. http://blog.talkingphilosophy.com/?p=6413.

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This article breaks down the ethical issues with this technology in a non-biased way. Making technological alterations to another creature and using it for research could seem very unethical to some people. It uses the concepts of enslavement and free will to advance the argument.

This is another great counter-argument in opposition to cyborg beetle research, I must conduct further research to deconstruct this argument.

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3. Edwards, Lin. “Cyborg beetles to be the US military's latest weapon (w/ Video).” October 15, 2009. Accessed March 15, 2017. https://phys.org/news/2009-10-cyborg-beetles-military-latest-weapon.html

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3. Edwards, Lin. “Cyborg beetles to be the US military's latest weapon (w/ Video).” October 15, 2009. Accessed March 15, 2017. https://phys.org/news/2009-10-cyborg-beetles-military-latest-weapon.html

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This article explains the dangers of this technology if it becomes advanced enough to be implemented. The beetles could be weaponized instead of being used to protect people.

This is an example of a counter-argument that can be used against the research of cyborg beetles. However unlikely it may be, terrorist groups could get their hands on this kind of technology and wreak havoc with it.

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2. Sarah Yang, Media relations | March 16, 2015May 29, 2015, and Sarah Yang. "Cyborg beetle research allows free-flight study of insects." Berkeley News. May 29, 2015. Accessed February 5, 2017. http://news.berkeley.edu/2015/03/16/beetle-backpack-steering-muscle/.

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2. Sarah Yang, Media relations | March 16, 2015May 29, 2015, and Sarah Yang. "Cyborg beetle research allows free-flight study of insects." Berkeley News. May 29, 2015. Accessed February 5, 2017. http://news.berkeley.edu/2015/03/16/beetle-backpack-steering-muscle/.

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This article explains how the beetles are intended to be used and some of the biology behind how it works is explained. It details some issues that the researchers have overcome along the way.
This demonstrates some of the concrete evidence that cyborg beetle research is advancing and the technology is steadily getting better. They have made a lot of progress in the research already, but there is much more to be made.

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1. Macaulay, Tom. "How giant beetles could be used to spy on TERRORISTS." Mirror. March 30, 2016. Accessed February 7, 2017. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/technology/remote-controlled-cyborg-beetles-could-7658470.

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1. Macaulay, Tom. "How giant beetles could be used to spy on TERRORISTS." Mirror. March 30, 2016. Accessed February 7, 2017. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/technology/remote-controlled-cyborg-beetles-could-7658470.

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Beetles with cybernetic enhancements able to be controlled by researchers and be used to spy on terrorists.

This is great point for arguing the humanitarian benefit for cyborg beetle research.