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How do the moon and earth interact with the sun

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How do the moon and earth interact with the sun

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The Sun warms our planet, and with the Moon, creates the tides. The Moon orbits the Earth and in turn, the Earth orbits the Sun. ... Because they appear to be the same size in the sky, the Sun, Earth and Moon work together to create eclipses. When the Moon is directly in between the Earth and Sun, we see a solar eclipse.

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Reading on the Life Cycle of Stars

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The Life Cycles of Stars: How Supernovae Are Formed

It is very poetic to say that we are made from the dust of the stars. Amazingly, it's also true! Much of our bodies, and our planet, are made of elements that were created in the explosions of massive stars. Let's examine exactly how this can be.

Life Cycles of Stars

A star's life cycle is determined by its mass. The larger its mass, the shorter its life cycle. A star's mass is determined by the amount of matter that is available in its nebula, the giant cloud of gas and dust from which it was born. Over time, the hydrogen gas in the nebula is pulled together by gravity and it begins to spin. As the gas spins faster, it heats up and becomes as a protostar. Eventually the temperature reaches 15,000,000 degrees and nuclear fusion occurs in the cloud's core. The cloud begins to glow brightly, contracts a little, and becomes stable. It is now a main sequence star and will remain in this stage, shining for millions to billions of years to come. This is the stage our Sun is at right now.
As the main sequence star glows, hydrogen in its core is converted into helium by nuclear fusion. When the hydrogen supply in the core begins to run out, and the star is no longer generating heat by nuclear fusion, the core becomes unstable and contracts. The outer shell of the star, which is still mostly hydrogen, starts to expand. As it expands, it cools and glows red. The star has now reached the red giant phase. It is red because it is cooler than it was in the main sequence star stage and it is a giant because the outer shell has expanded outward. In the core of the red giant, helium fuses into carbon. All stars evolve the same way up to the red giant phase. The amount of mass a star has determines which of the following life cycle paths it will take from there.

The illustration above compares the different evolutionary paths low-mass stars (like our Sun) and high-mass stars take after the red giant phase. For low-mass stars (left hand side), after the helium has fused into carbon, the core collapses again. As the core collapses, the outer layers of the star are expelled. A planetary nebula is formed by the outer layers. The core remains as a white dwarf and eventually cools to become a black dwarf.

On the right of the illustration is the life cycle of a massive star (10 times or more the size of our Sun). Like low-mass stars, high-mass stars are born in nebulae and evolve and live in the Main Sequence. However, their life cycles start to differ after the red giant phase. A massive star will undergo a supernova explosion. If the remnant of the explosion is 1.4 to about 3 times as massive as our Sun, it will become a neutron star. The core of a massive star that has more than roughly 3 times the mass of our Sun after the explosion will do something quite different. The force of gravity overcomes the nuclear forces which keep protons and neutrons from combining. The core is thus swallowed by its own gravity. It has now become a black hole which readily attracts any matter and energy that comes near it. What happens between the red giant phase and the supernova explosion is described below.

From Red Giant to Supernova: The Evolutionary Path of High Mass Stars
Once stars that are 5 times or more massive than our Sun reach the red giant phase, their core temperature increases as carbon atoms are formed from the fusion of helium atoms. Gravity continues to pull carbon atoms together as the temperature increases and additional fusion processes proceed, forming oxygen, nitrogen, and eventually iron.

When the core contains essentially just iron, fusion in the core ceases. This is because iron is the most compact and stable of all the elements. It takes more energy to break up the iron nucleus than that of any other element. Creating heavier elements through fusing of iron thus requires an input of energy rather than the release of energy. Since energy is no longer being radiated from the core, in less than a second, the star begins the final phase of gravitational collapse. The core temperature rises to over 100 billion degrees as the iron atoms are crushed together. The repulsive force between the nuclei overcomes the force of gravity, and the core recoils out from the heart of the star in a shock wave, which we see as a supernova explosion.

As the shock encounters material in the star's outer layers, the material is heated, fusing to form new elements and radioactive isotopes. While many of the more common elements are made through nuclear fusion in the cores of stars, it takes the unstable conditions of the supernova explosion to form many of the heavier elements. The shock wave propels this material out into space. The material that is exploded away from the star is now known as a supernova remnant.

The hot material, the radioactive isotopes, as well as the leftover core of the exploded star, produce X-rays and gamma-rays.

For the Student
Using the above background information, (and additional sources of information from the library or the web), make your own diagram of the life cycle of a high-mass star.

For the Student
Using the text, and any external printed references, define the following terms: protostar, life cycle, main sequence star, red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star, pulsar, black hole, fusion, element, isotope, X-ray, gamma-ray.

Reference URLs:

Supernovae
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/supernovae1.html
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/supernovae2.html

Life Cycles of Stars
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/educators/lifecycles/stars.html

Back to the Main Spectra Unit Menu

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The Life Cycles of Stars: How Supernovae Are Formed It is very poetic to say that we are made from the dust of the stars. Amazingly, it's also true! Much of our bodies, and our planet, are made of elements that were created in the explosions of massive stars.

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Images fro Hubble Space Telescope

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NASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. Get the latest updates on NASA missions, watch NASA TV live, and learn about our quest to reveal the unknown and benefit all humankind.

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What would happened if 2 stars collide

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Can all the stars die and if they can, what would happen?

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Does it depends on how big the nebulous does that mean star will be big if the nebules big

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How is a star created well not really a star created but like how is the thing that makes stars created in like what created the the thing that made stars because I don’t really make sense because like there has to be something to make that sure a star can actually be created  and I remember gas create a star so now we got that out of the way how was the gas create it

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What would happen if the biggest star and biggest planet collided?

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How long can tiny stars live?

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How close can stars be?

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What would happen if the two biggest stars collided?

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Can stars be really close together? Or do they need to be spread out to live?

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Does stars die by overheating? Or is it just the age of the stars? And how long can really big stars live?

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What will happen when the sun explodes?

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Does stars about the same size live about the same time? Or is it the times when they are born?

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What would happen if all the stars exploded at the same time?

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How much gas does it take, to make one star?

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Is there a limit to the amount of stars in a galaxy?

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Why do scientists name stars?

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If a star is bigger than another will the temperature be diffrent?

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At some point of time can different galaxies form together?

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Is all the stars in  the Milky Way  made of the same gasses?

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Can the stars in the Milky Way die, since the gasses in them?

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Are the stars in the Milky Way work the same as regular stars?

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What is alpha centiry

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Is the Milky Way considered a tiny galaxy?

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Does the stars in the Milky Way form the same way as regular stars?

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How many stars are in the Milky Way? And how does the stars from the Milky Way form?

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What gasses were in the stars of the Milky Way? And how many gasses were in the stars of the Milky Way?

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Is stars and the sun made out of just gas? And how does the gas form a star?

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On pg 8 it says big balls of glowing gas like people they have a life cycle. Stars are born and grow old than die.

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Does the iron and carbon help to make the star remade? Or is it just the gas?

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I wonder why there wasn’t stars billion years ago?

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Can the sun be remade?

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Stars can be up to 13 billion years old

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From the gasses from the old stars, does the gas from the old stars make the same size of the old stars?

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 I wonder where we’ll live if the sun dies

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 I wonder where we’ll live if the sun dies

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When the sun explodes will it burn earth because the explosion will go in different directions and some pieces will hit earth and burn it?

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When stars die does there constellations end or do other stars take their place.

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What is the helix nebula?

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Stars are probably cold because the sun is a star to and In the outside of the sun is cold probably the mini stars are cold

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Stars are probably cold because the sun is a star to and In the outside of the sun is cold probably the mini stars are cold

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If people see how stars being born, maturing and die, but how do they see a star when it’s forming?

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I wonder how long the sun will survive for?

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I wonder how old is the sun? And when was the sun made? Was the sun made out of stars? And how will the gas get burnt? Is the heat the gas producing burning the gas itself?

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When new stars are created do they make new constellations.

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Like why would stars die don’t they get the old gas out and get the new gas in?

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Like why would stars die don’t they get the old gas out and get the new gas in?

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1. I wonder why there were no stars a long, long time ago?

2. I wonder why the bigger the stars the faster they die?

3.how does the Orion Nebula form?

4. What is a Orion Nebula?

5. What is a Helix Nebula?

6. How does the remains of a star turn into a object?

7. How can stars be different colors?

8. I wonder how people know when a star is born and when a star dies?

9. How many years are in 1 light year?

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How long is 5 billion years to us in space?

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In Space there are more than 200 billion stars in space!!

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In Space there are more than 200 billion stars in space!!

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Stars can live and die

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Stars can die when it’s at the end of their life it’s called Helix nebula

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Why do stars have a gigantic explosion?

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Will the sun actually blow up or will the sun survive for even longer?

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Where is a located at? Is it facing North, South, East, or West?

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Why will the sun blowup?

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I wonder why there’s so much stars in the Milky Way. And I wonder if that has the much stars in one place.

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Why didn’t the first stars last long?

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Why where stars not theire long ago?

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how hot is a star

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I wonder how people see and discover when the stars die?

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Why is everything on space apart of are universe?

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How many light years does it take to get to the sun and get back to the earth?

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I wonder if. The stars get pushed together.

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When the first stars were created and then the super nova was made did it not just burn out the stars did it overheat them in there wasn’t enough gas to keep them alive so they die.

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Stars can die
I didn’t know that.

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I wonder if the stars get pushed together? Since there’s so much stars.

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How for away is the Milky Way?

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Why is everything in space apart of are universe

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Hydrogen atoms  Forming helium smashing together and releases huge amounts of energy

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Do stars run out of heat and gas and die.

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What is hydrogen atoms ?

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I wonder how the hydrogen atoms smash together?

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What are Astrophysicists?

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Their is something called nuclear fusion with the gas of star and stuff but a star has to be at a steady temperature that what the nuclear fusion is for

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What is nuclear fusion ?