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also known as: consumption, phthisis, scrofula, the King’s Touch, the White Plague, and “the Captain of all these Men of Death”.

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Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spreads from person to person through microscopic droplets released in the air. If can be transmitted when someone untreated coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs, or sings.

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Symptoms of tuberculosis may include coughing(sometimes laced with blood), weight loss, night sweats, and a fever. It can be very difficult to determine whether or not someone may have tuberculosis due to the lack of symptoms.

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There are two different ways one can be tested for tuberculosis: the TB Skin Test (TST), where PPD tuberculin is injected just below the skin of your forearm, and the TB Blood Test. A TB Blood test can only tell that a person has been infected by tuberculosis bacteria, which is why skin tests are more commonly used.

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An infected person can transmit to a susceptible person in airborne particles called droplet nuclei, which are tiny droplets of water that contain bacteria.

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To prevent tuberculosis, some general statements would include taking all medicines as prescribed, keeping all doctor appointments, covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze, and washing your hands. Further precautions that can be taken would include respirators and masks, consumption of pasteurized milk, and vaccines.

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Controlling tuberculosis is very simple nowadays. An infected individual must take antibiotics, such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for the first 6-9 months. If you stop taking them before completing the full course time, the TB infection might become resistant to the antibiotics. This is life threatening and can be very difficult to treat, with a longer course of treatment with more toxic therapies.

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Tuberculosis affects men, women, and children of all ages. According to various studies, individuals of Hispanic/Latino, black or African, or Asian descent are impacted at a greater rate than other minorities in the U.S. population.

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In history, tuberculosis killed 1 in 7 of all people. This infection used to mean certain death. Currently, there are about 9,000-10,000 cases a year, but it’s treatable and can be prevented.

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Tuberculosis is most commonly found in Asia and Africa, and normally in developing countries almost 90% of the time.

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1. Tuberculosis is the leading killer of people with HIV
2. Treatment from 2000-2018 saved about 58 million lives
3. More than 8 million people become sick with TB each year
4. TB kills more people than any other infectious disease
6. TB can attack almost any part of the body, but it’s main source are the lungs

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1. “Tuberculosis | TB | TB Test.” MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 12 Mar. 2020, medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html.
2. “Tuberculosis (TB): Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Transmission & Contagiousness.” WebMD, WebMD, 8 Oct. 2019, www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-tuberculosis-basics#1.
3. “Tuberculosis (TB).” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis.

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The white blood cells that first ingest TB bacteria are macrophages, which kill invading particles by taking them into a vacuole and breaking them down. It usually aims for the lungs, which means the infection destroys an individual’s lung tissue. This causes them to cough up bacteria and infect others.