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https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ottomanism

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Ottomanism is defined as the nationalist movement that arose during the 19th Century in the Ottoman Empire.

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The Ottoman Empire was an Islamic empire that controlled much of the Middle East, North Africa, and Eastern Europe.  It began as a small Turkish stronghold in Anatolia.  It became extremely powerful due to its centralized government, which was relatively new and innovative concept at the time.  It fell due to failing to industrialize and keep up with the rest of Europe.

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https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/ottoman-empire

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The concept of Ottomanism hit its peak during the 1870s and 1880s, where loyalty to the sultan was replaced by loyalty to their homeland.

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https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/reference/modern-history/why-ottoman-empire-rose-fell/

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Instead of being separated by ethnicity & religion, people of the Empire were all united in single citizenship.  The extent of the Ottoman Empire reached from Eastern Europe all the way to Northern Africa.

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Ottomanism arose as a response to the Tanzimat Reforms, when the Ottomans recognized the importance of citizenship.

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https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/faq/ottomanism

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While Ottomanism is not a war, Europe technically won because the Ottoman empire ultimately fell.  This was due to a lack of industrialization in the empire, which led to them falling behind the rest of the world and being labeled the “Sick Man of Europe.”

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If the Ottoman Empire never fell, then a lot of Europe would not exist today.  A lot of wars and revolutions would not have happened due to being under control of the Ottoman Empire.

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Selim III was a sultan who played a big role in the reform of Ottomanism.  He had it in mind to industrialize the Ottoman Empire in order to keep up with the rest of Europe, but he was thwarted by the Jannisaries.  The European (specifically French) influence angered the conservative Jannisaries, who then assassinated Selim and replaced him with Mustafa.

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While the Ottomans had great impact on history, they were more influential in their early days.  They were one of the first societies to implement a strong central government, which changed the dynamic of government and economy in Europe immensely.  They were very proud of their accomplishments as a society, but as the rest of the World moved on, they did not.  There were several attempts at industrialization, but none seemed to push them enough to move forward.  Ultimately, their traditional ways were also their downfall.

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Sultan Mahmud II was another important reformer.  He was greatly fascinated with European Culture, and implemented a new, Western European-style dress code and redecorated palaces with European furniture.  He also rid the the military of Janissaries.  His son Abdulmëcid continued his reign of reform.