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INSTRUCTIONS - remember: NO SURNAMES on the Internet

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INSTRUCTIONS - remember: NO SURNAMES on the Internet

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a) Who was Jane Austen?

b) Plot of Pride and Prejudice and setting

c) Main female characters

d) Main male characters

e) Main themes

f) How is the story told?

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Giorgia and Elisa's Tackk on Jane Austen's Life

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Giorgia and Elisa's Tackk on Jane Austen's Life

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Jane Austen's life - by Elisa and Giorgia

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Jane Austen's life - by Elisa and Giorgia

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Jane Austen was born in 1775 in Steventon, Hampshire. The sixth of seven children, she spent her short life with her closest friend, the sister Cassandra. The two sisters were sent to Oxford to be educated by Mrs.Crawley in 1783. After that, she was educated at home by her father, who was rector of the church. She also learned much by reading books and enjoyed acting out comedies.

In 1787 Jane began writing poems and some prose. She also continued to live at her family's home and took part in activities like balls, visits, tea parties and readings.

When Jane was twenty, she met Tom Lefroy, a nephew of her neighbours, and they spent a lot of time together. But Tom couldn't marry her because his family was in debts and he was the only one who could make a career, so they had to stop seeing each other. After her father's death, she with her mother and Cassandra moved to Chawton, where she published some of her most popular novels.

Jane Austen died in Winchester in 1817, at the age of 41. All her novels were published anonymously and only after her death her brother Henry revealed her identity.

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Jane Austen's NOVELS - by Elisa and Giorgia

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Jane Austen's NOVELS - by Elisa and Giorgia

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Northanger Abbey: was finished in 1803 , but was published only in 1818 , after the death of Jane. Catherine Morland is for Jane Austen the anti-eroine of the plot because she thinks that she is living one of the stories told in her favourite books. This novel describes in an ironic way the British society.

Mansfield Park: was written between 1812 and 1814 and published, for the first time, in 1814. The main character is Fanny Price. She goes to live in her relatives’ home. All cousins snob her, except Edmund and so, she falls in love with him. Edmund, however, loves Mary, an English woman. Another boy falls in love with Fanny but in the end Fanny and Edmund get married.

Sense and Sensibility: was written between 1795 and 1810 and published anonymously, for the first time, in 1811. The most important characters are two sisters: Elionor and Marianne. They lived in a pretty house with their family when their father died. So, they had to leave home because the first son wanted to live only with his wife in that home. The family is thus obliged to move to a friend's house. In the novel, Jane tells about two different sisters. The main theme is how to use sense and sensibility in a correct way. This theme is necessary to growing up.

Pride and Prejudice: the novel was originally called "First Impressions". It was written between 1796 and 1797 and published in 1813. It's a novel of manners that describes the life of a typical English middle-age family. The main themes are love and marriage. The main character,Elizabeth, is very similar to Jane because she is a strong and ironic female.

Emma: the novel was published anonymously in 1815. It tells the story of Emma, a rich, intelligent and beautiful girl that lives with her father. After many events she discovers that she is in love with her best friend. The plot ends with the marriage of the couple.

Persuasion: was written between 1815 and 1816 and published after Jane’s death by her brother, in 1818. In this novel the main character is Anne. She is engaged to Frederick but her father and a family friend persuade her to break the relationship. She accepts this but after seven years, when se sees Frederick again, she understands that she must marry him.

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Plot of Pride and Prejudice and setting (1  -- by Alessia, Debora, Francesco and Simone

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Plot of Pride and Prejudice and setting (1  -- by Alessia, Debora, Francesco and Simone

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Pride and Prejudice is a romantic comedy set in Longbourn, a small village in Hertfordshire.

The story develops at the beginning of 19th century. In this small village live the Bennets, a family composed by Mr. and Mrs. Bennet and their five daughters: Elizabeth, Jane, Mary, Lydia and Kitty. They are a medium-rich family of the countryside.
The story begins when Mrs. Bennet gets to know that a rich bachelor, Charles Bingley has just rented a wonderful mansion in the neighborhood, called Netherfield Park. Mrs. Bennet's wish is that one of her daughters could get marry Mr. Bingley.

Mr. Bingley organizes a ball, which is attended by many members of that little society. Mr. Bingley falls in love with Jane at first sight and introduces to the others his best friend, the aristocratic Fitzwilliam Darcy. At the ball, Darcy refuses to dance and when his friend suggests that he should with Elizabeth Bennet, he rejects because he thinks that the girl isn’t pretty to tempt him. Elizabeth gets very irritated because she overhears their conversation. This will lead her to judge Mr Darcy as a very snobbish, arrogant, proud member of the aristocracy.

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Plot of Pride and Prejudice and setting (2) -- by Alessia, Debora, Francesco and Simone

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Plot of Pride and Prejudice and setting (2) -- by Alessia, Debora, Francesco and Simone

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Some days later the Bennet receive the visit of Mr. Collins, who is a clergyman and a relative of the family. He is looking for a wife, so he proposes to Elizabeth who rejects him. In the end Mr. Collins will marry a friend of Elizabeth, Charlotte Lucas. Meanwhile Darcy persuades Bingley not to marry Jane, because she belongs to a lower social class.

While Elizabeth is at Collins’ house to visit her great friend, Charlotte Lucas, Mr. Darcy realizes that he is deeply in love with her. So he makes a marriage proposal to her but she refuses, because she knows that Mr. Darcy was the cause of the separation between Jane and Mr. Bingley, and also because of his pride and selfishness. Moreover Wickham, a friend of Bingley an his sister, gave her a negative image of Mr. Darcy.

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Plot of Pride and Prejudice and setting (3) -- by Alessia, Debora, Francesco and Simone

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Plot of Pride and Prejudice and setting (3) -- by Alessia, Debora, Francesco and Simone

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After the proposal, Mr. Darcy writes a letter to Elizabeth where he explains his actions and his feelings for her. Elizabeth is surprised by the letter and her feelings for Darcy slowly start to change.
Over summer Lizzy goes with her uncles on a trip and they visit Pemberly, which is Darcy’s estate. She meets Mr. Darcy and she notices that he has changed, so she falls in love with him.
At this point a letter arrives to inform that Lidya has run away with her lover Wickham. Lizzy is shocked and she quickly returns home. To avoid a big scandal that would destroy the Bennets' reputation in society, a marriage is arranged between lidya and Wickham. Later Elisabeth will discover that it was thanks to Mr. Darcy that the situation is solved with a happy ending.
At the end of the novel, Bingley and Darcy go to the Bennets and both ask to marry one of the Bennet’s sisters. They both accept immediately.

The plot is complex but also very pleasant, with moments both sad and humorous. After reading the novel we can understand how the intent of Jane Austen was to teach us that we should not rely on appearances and initial feelings or prejudices, because often they can be wrong.

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England in XVIII century was interested by the Industrial Revolution. It brought by a great enrichment of the higher class and a new way to organize their social lives. The view of Austen's contemporary society is expressed very well through her novels.

Her novels give voice to one of the main concerns that families had at that time: carry forward the generation or to raise the family in a higher social class. So, it was important that daughters (women) could find a rich husband. The wedding was often arranged by the families for money and property.
At the same time, this way of thinking produced in society also many villains who would exploit and seduce women just for money. A woman was often found attractive for what she had. While still unmarried, a woman belonged to her father and then to her husband. When somebody asked her hand, at the same time, he asked for her possessions.
FILM -BECOMING JANE-
Becoming Jane is a historical and biography film produced by Julian Jarroid. It tells the story of Jane Austen, expecially her love story with Thomas Langlois Lefroy. This film is a revision of Jane's life but it describes also the personality and the strong temperament of the author... It is a must see!

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The female characters of Proud and Prejudice. By Simona, Lisa and Martina

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The female characters of Proud and Prejudice. By Simona, Lisa and Martina

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The most important female characters in Proud and Prejudice are:

Elizabeth Bennet is the protagonist of the novel. She is the second daughter of Mr. Bennet. She is young, very intelligent, sensible and honest. She has got moral force and is respected by people. Jane Austen describes her as a rational, warm-hearted girl, who is sensible and protective with her family. One of her negative traits is her prejudice towards people. For example, in the beginning of the story Elizabeth has a lot of prejudice, against Mr. Darcy, who in her opinion is too proud. She judges him withouth knowing the truth. However in the end she will change her mind and will accept Darcy's love.

Jane is the first daughter of Mr. Bennet. She is considered the most beautiful between the sisters. For this reason her mother considers her destined to marry a very important man. Jane is the confident of Elizabeth and she will fall in love with Bingley but their love will be hampered by Darcy.

Lydia is one of the five sisters and she is the younger. She is quite foolish and cheerful and this is the reason why her mother loves her personality. Lydia will fall in love with an official, Mr. Wickam, and will elope with him to Scotland. Wickham will turn out to be a liar and a dishonest man.

Mary is the third daughter of Mr. Bennet. She hasn't got any talent so she studis all day and loves reading. She is intelligent but reserved.

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The secondary female characters are:

Mrs. Bennet is Mr. Bennet's wife. She has five daughters: Elizabeth, Jane, Lydia, Mary and Cathrine. She is not a dynamic character in the story, because she does not change. She is energetical, very gossiping and she is a woman who has clear goals in her life: she wants too see her daughters married. Her marriage with Mr. Bennet isn't based on true love and this is the reason why she is so intrusive. She talks a lot and this makes her daughters and her husband feel ashamed of her.

Lady Chaterine de Bourgh is Darcy's aunt. She is an aristocrat and really arrogant with Elizabeth. She has only a daughter, Anne, and wants her daughter to marry Darcy. She is authoritarian and superb.

Charlotte Lucas is Elizabeth's friend. She is poor and being already 27 years old, she is considered too old for marriage. This is why she will consent to marry Mr Collins.

Caroline Bingley is the sister of Charles Bingley. She has fallen in love with Mr. Darcy. She is a snob and disapproves of those who are less than her. What's more, she hates the Bennet's family, above all Elizabeth only because Mr. Darcy like Miss Bennet more than her.

Louisa is Bingley's sister. She is really snob and is married to Mr Hurst.

Georgiana is the minor sister of Mr. Darcy. She is a simple girl and she is a good piano player.

Gardiner is the wife of Mrs Bennet's brother. She is sensible and educated. She has got a good frienship with Jane and Elizabeth.

Anne is Lady Catherine's daughter

Lady Philips is the sister of Mrs.Bennet. She has got a character like her sister and always wants her grandchildren to visit her.

Maria Lucas is Charlotte's sister and her father is Sir Lucas.

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The male characters of Proud and Prejudice. By Eleonora, Giulia and Alice

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The male characters of Proud and Prejudice. By Eleonora, Giulia and Alice

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Fitzwilliam Darcy: Mr Darcy is the most important male character of Pride and Prejudice. He is an aristocrat that comes to Netherfield to visit his friend Bingley. Darcy owns Pemberley, a rich estate in Derbyshire, and as Mrs Bennet reveals at the beginning of the novel "he earns ten thousand a year". Darcy has a sister called Giorgiana. Soon after his arrival at Netherfield, he catches everybody's attention so we can immediately understand that he is a charming young man and a perfect ideal husband. He is described as very tall, handsome and of noble mien. After this first impression, however, Darcy shows his real personality: he is arrogant, cold and convinced of being superior to others. His social status makes him very proud but when he falls in love with Elizabeth Bennet he changes his point of view and he becomes a right-made for Lizzy. MR BENNET: He is Mrs. Bennet's husband and the father of Elisabeth, Jane, Lydia, Kitty and Mary. He is closest to Elizabeth because she is different from her sisters and also from her mother. The first impression about him is that he is ironic and nice for the way he responds to his wife. He does not seem to be interested in marrying one of his daughters to Bingley and cares about their happiness first. MR COLLINS: Mr Collins is Elizabeth Bennet's cousin. He's a real weird character and the object of Jane Austen's satire! Mr Collins, in fact, looks stupid and idiotic. Obviously he isn't nice and smart with other characters. Since Mr Bennet has no male son, it will be Mr Collins who will inherit their propriety. He comes to visit the Bennets because his patroness, Lady deBurgh wants him to find a wife. So he first proposes to Jane and then to Elizabeth, but is rejected by both. GEORGE WICKHAM Mr. Wickham initially makes a good impression on the Bennets and on us readers. He seems pleasant because this is what Elizabeth thinks of him. He has a fundamental role in the relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy, because he makes Elisabeth believe that Darcy was the cause of his misfortune. When Darcy reveals some clues about Wickham's past, Elisabeth understands that he isn't the nice officer he seemed to be. These revelations make the two protagonists closer until they declare their reciprocal love. MR BINGLEY Mr Bingley is goodlooking and gentlemanlike. He's the opposite of his friend Mr Darcy. Although he is rich and a member of the upper classes like Mr Darcy, Bingley has nice manners and he is also easygoing and polite. We meet him thanks to Mrs. Bennet, who dreams that he will marry one of her daughters. Her dream will actually come true in the final because Bingley falls in love with Jane after their first meeting at the ball in Meryton.

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Courtship&Pemberley - by Letizia, Martina, Cecilia, Alice

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Courtship&Pemberley - by Letizia, Martina, Cecilia, Alice

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In Pride and Prejudice we can see two love stories: Elizabeth and Darcy, Jane and Mr Bingley. However there are also other minor stories, for example Mr Collins and Charlotte Lucas, but also Lydia and Wickham.

Courtship takes an intense importance, the marriage is the final step of the novel because before there is the courtship. In this novel the courtship is something personal,
that is different from person to person because there are different loves.

Pride and Prjudice is free of symbolism. However Pemberley, which is Darcy's palace, is at the center of the novel and becomes a symbol of wealth. Elizabeth visits it when she understands that her sentiments for Darcy are concrete; she remains surprised by
the beauty of the palace and countyside. Darcy has a natural arrogance but also we find the honesty and we understand that he is not false.

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THEMES - Love- by Martina, Cecilia, Letizia, Alice

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THEMES - Love- by Martina, Cecilia, Letizia, Alice

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Jane Austen offers a new perspective on the theme of love in her novels, which is very different from the common mentality at her time. She gives great importance to this feeling. Although she treats it with irony, at the same time she also investigates the nature of love very seriously.
In her view it is important to find true love in life and she criticises the fact that external forces like family, wealth and social class can influence a young woman's life.

Love is presented as a very strong emotion, which goes beyond our reason. This is why it can win all and it can help the protagonists overcome all the difficulties imposed by social rules and conventions of 19th century society.

For Austen love is necessary to be happy. However, her characters need also to be brave because of the many restrictions to individual freedom. Love was often considered in fact as something negative and falling in love was seen as a weakness. Most marriages were arranged by families only for money and property reasons.

In the novel of Pride of Prejudice, love is dealt with as a romantic emotion that can bring the protagonists to their personal interior growth. Elisabeth and Darcy will find their happiness at the end because they will make their choices out of love, unlike the majority of their contemporaries who would marry for social status and property.
Elisabeth and Darcy are the heroine and hero in Pride and Prejudice because these two characters manage to overcome many difficulties caused not only by the limits imposed by society but also due to their different personalities.

Elisabeth is initially too judgemental and full of prejudice against Darcy, who she believes to be too proud and arrogant. Darcy, on the other hand, is a very proud man who belongs to the upper classes and sees Elisabeth as inferior to him because she belongs to a lower social class. Pride and Prejudice will cause the two protagonists to stay far from each other. Throughout the novel a lot of things change: in the end both Elisabeth and Darcy fall in love because they change their opinions and become ready for this great love.

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Marriage&Woman - by Alice, Letizia, Cecilia, Martina

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Marriage&Woman - by Alice, Letizia, Cecilia, Martina

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The theme of marriage is the basis of the plot of this novel with the other themes like love, status and weath. It takes place where all the troubles of Austen's world occur:
gossip, adultery, courtship, flirtation, seduction, money; so the places are London, Bath and some seaside resorts.

The marriage market regards the middle and upper classes where the families are moved by topics like money, decorum, property and indeed marriage; all of this produces a rage of villians: social climbers, unscrupolous relatives, gamblers. You can understand the importance given to the social values and the lack consideration of the woman just from “marriage market”, because marriage is like a market where buyers and sellers meet for their buisness. The families decide about the daughters' marriages based of their interests, so the women can't choose the future husband. A woman is expected to behave in certain ways, but in Pride and Prejudice the woman's reputation is very important and is re-considered.

Austen wants to change the “bad” view of marriage, the woman's role in society and also of love typical of the 1800. In her novel she decribes through Elizabeth the figure of a strong woman who finds her real love and not a conventional marriage.

So the reputation of the woman and the theme of the marriage market are narrated according to the traditions of the 19th century and also with Austen's reconsideration of them with a spirit of change.

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THEMES- Class- by Cecilia, Alice, Martina, Letizia

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THEMES- Class- by Cecilia, Alice, Martina, Letizia

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The theme of social class and status is related to reputation.

The Bennet family are part of a middle social class. They can have relations with anyone is up to their status or higher. Bingley and Darcy belong instead to the upper classes because they are aristocrats and own big properties and a noble title. Darcy falls in love with Elisabeth although he and Lady deBurgh consider the Bennets as inferior to them.

Another important character that is made the target of Jane Austin's irony is Mr Collins. He has a good social position but does not belong to the aristocracy. He believes in the importance of social division and tries to gain the favours of Lady deBurgh. Mr Collins appears as a negative character. He is an object of direct satire because he is selfish and too respectful of aristocratic models.

In the novel, Jane Austen conveys the message that having prejudices about social classes is something negative which can cause unhappiness in the characters' life. This conflict will however be removed in the final with the marriage of Darcy to Elizabeth and Bingley to Jane.

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How the story is told (time and place) - by Sara, Letizia, Marta

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How the story is told (time and place) - by Sara, Letizia, Marta

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The story is set usually in the countryside with few episodes in town. The place is Loungbourn, a small country village in Hertfordshire, in rural England, where Mr and Mrs Bennet live with their five daughters. The story unfolds during the Napoleonic wars (1797-1815) and focuses on the lives of a small group o people belonging to the upper and middle level of society.

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How the story is told (narrative style) - by Sara, Letizia, Marta

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How the story is told (narrative style) - by Sara, Letizia, Marta

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Jane Austen uses in Pride and Prejudice a third-person narrator in most of the novel, althiugh some parts are narrated also through a first-person narrator. In Pride and Prejudice the story is often structured in the form of dialogues and this points out the use of irony. The novel often presents comic situations which entertain the reader, especially by Mr Bennet and his wife. For example in the first chapter he says "I have a high respect for your nerves. They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with consideration this twenty years at least". This type of irony is frequently employed as a technique in relation to the characters. Instead passions and emotions are not expressed directly but more subtly.

The author often used the past tense and the story is seen from Elizabeth's point of view.

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How the story is told (characterization and symbol) - by Sara, Letizia, Marta

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How the story is told (characterization and symbol) - by Sara, Letizia, Marta

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Pride and Prejudice has become so famous because of the way the story is told. The plot is revealed through dialogues, which makes it even more involving, brilliant and easy to understand. In order to avoid being repetitive, Jane Austen alternated the narration of events with passages of reflection or letters (especially in the later chapter).

The style of the narration allows us to outline the characters' personality. Some of them are great stage personalities (like Mrs Bennet), some are flat characters (as Jane) and some are handled with irony (like Mr Collins).

Mr Darcy is doubtless a main character, in fact his proposal to Elizabeth (in the 16th chapter) is the main scene of the novel and it is told using the climax: this is a literary device which consists in emphasising the scene more and more during the narration. Moreover, Darcy's estate in Pemberley is the only symbol present in the novel and represents Darcy's soul. It is "a stream of natural importance ... without any artificial appearance", like Darcy, who has a natural importance but refuses social appearance. Moreover, when Elizabeth meets Darcy on the estate, she is walking through a bridge, which represents the psychological journey made by the two lovers.