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Arthur Miller is most famously know as the playwright of The Crucible. But he is more famously known for his actions on June 21, 1956, when he refused to name any communists in front of the House Committee of Un-American Activities. Here, many famous actors were testified and told to name as many communists as possible, which many did. Miller, on the other hand, defied the House Committee on Un-American Activities and refused to name suspected communists. This experience was his inspiration for The Crucible; just as celebrities would accuse many other innocent celebrities of communism, Puritans accused many innocent neighbors of witchcraft.

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Puritans were strongly religious people who believed in the devil as as they believed God. And times of trouble were blamed on the devil. Soon, those who didn't fit in or were disliked were accused of doing the devil's work, thus creating witches. Some people actually practiced witchcraft and confessed to being a witch while others were blamed for their neighbors bad luck. Feuds were settled by calling one's neighbor a witch and they would immediately be jailed for months. Witchcraft grew when children and young adults were dependent on witchcraft for entertainment when all they did was worship and read the Bible. And this affected the younger people's behavior, leading to them blaming others witches for it.

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Puritanism was a movement of religious reform and to purify the church. Unlike the Roman Catholic church and the Church of England, Puritans wanted to lead a simple and devoted life "as God intended." However, their beliefs got out of hand and they were persecuted for their radical movement. So, the Puritans moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony to establish a new world. Their interpretations of the Bible were comparatively extreme; it was based on Calvinism. They believed that sin was passed down generations, making everyone a sinner. But some were "elected," or saved, to go to heaven, while others were "unregenerate," or damned to hell.

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The City Upon a Hill theory was the goal of the Puritans. The Massachusetts Bay Colony, where they decided to set up, was to be a land of reform and utopia. The name comes from the metaphorical standpoint; the Puritan colony will be seen from all places and glorified. The Puritans planned to reach this state by pushing Bible education and having everyone read God's words. The land was to be a place where scripture and strong work ethic were to be found.

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The Salem Witch Trials all began in Reverend Samuel Parris's household, where a nine-year-old girl name Betty grew up. She and other girls around her age would listen to the stories of Tituba, the slave of the Parris household. Tituba had regularly practiced voodoo and therefore called herself a witch. Soon, the girls' behavior started to change; so much so that they were accused of witchcraft. To save themselves, they blamed Tituba, the first victim of the Salem trials. She confessed to being a witch, and these girls, who were victims of witchcraft, went on to hold much power. Together, they accused over 200 people of witchcraft, many of whom were innocent, leading to 19 deaths. Soon, however, as "witches" on death row started to recite Bible scriptures, bystander began to question the girls and their accusations. Eventually, the girls were stopped and, although witchcraft was still practiced, even to this day, the Salem Witch Trials came to an end. And this left an unsolved mystery as to whether the girls were just pretending to be victims of witchcraft to hold power, or if there was something more.