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Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago,

Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Rief, Holt, 2009, pp. 476-451,841 .

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- This took place during the years 1914-1939.
- The people during the time thought change to things was important to them.
- The important concepts of Modernism are: upheaval & challenges, the Jazz age, and Fading Dream.

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WWI - The US went into WWI with the ideas that it will promote democracy & peace. However, the ideas that went into the war didn't come out alive. Instead, the US recoiled into a state of disillusionment & inflation. The Red Scare also influenced the American population by turning against immigrants. However, postwar disillusionment was also liberating, transforming the habits & forms of tradition. Artists, musicians, & writers experimented with new styles, forms, & subject matter.
The Roaring 1920s - The Roaring 1920s was a time where there were many innovations in the business & stock market such as Ford's assembly line or investments into stocks. This influenced Modernism as Ford's assembly line challenged the old work labor while the investments challenged workers who work full-time without investments.
The Great Depression - The Great Depression was a time where the US was in a state of in-debt & wouldn't be able to pay off WWI until WWII. The human cost of the Great Depression engaged several Modernist writers. The writers of the Modernist period imagined a new meaning for an American dream tarnished by world war & a devastating depression. Their experiments in form & subject matter produced some of the most enduring works in American literature.

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Stream-of-Consciousness - This technique abandoned chronology & attempted to imitate the moment-by-moment flow of a character's perceptions & memories. This can be used to weave together several different viewpoints & several different moments in time.

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F. Scott Fitzgerald - He helped descried the Jazz age in The Great Gatsby and the message of it which is: the sense of hope America promised to its youth and the disappointment its youth felt when America failed to deliver.

Ernest Hemingway - He helped people understand how wars are seen in the soldier's point of view.

John Steinbeck - He was important to this time because of his documentation of several crucial elements of American life and culture during the time.