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Sobekneferu, Egypt's first female king

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The people of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt worshipped numerous deities; some of the most important ones included Osiris, the king of the Underworld, Anubis, the god of the dead, and Geb and Nut, the creators of the world. Amon also gained popularity during the Middle Kingdom, and was believed to be the king of the gods at the time. Throughout every kingdom, the Egyptians practiced the process of mummification, which they used to preserve a person for the afterlife. While in the afterlife, they believed that Anubis would weigh their heart against a feather, which decided if a person was pure or evil in their past life.

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The Sphinx was a magnificent sculpture that had the body of a lion and the face of the emperor and it was built during the 12 dynasty in Giza. During their time, there were many statues that depicted Sensuret III. Scarabs and shabtis were actually created after the Middle Kingdom. Not only were the scarabs and shabtis used as decorations, scarabs were used to protect writing and shabtis were used to serve the deceased. Part of Egypt's art came from their hieroglyphics, which were used to decorate structures in Egypt. Aside from building the grand structures that are viewed as art, the Egyptians also created tomb masks and sculptures of animals such as a cat or hippopotamus.

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Egyptians used writing before the Middle Kingdom for recordkeeping and honoring the gods and goddesses, but during the period of Middle Kingdom, they began to use writing to tell stories, developing Egyptian literature.

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Unlike most ancient countries, Egypt treated slaves kindly and the slaves had an opportunity to be free.

Also, slavery was not significant to Egypt's economy.

In addition, slaves and workers were not necessarily at the bottom of a hierarchy because Egypt had a less defined social division.

In ancient Egypt, women had legal rights and social freedom.

Based on tomb paintings, royal Egyptian women engaged in household affairs.

Egyptian men were depicted with  a dark red and women with a yellow skin tone which suggested that elite women stayed indoors.

Egyptian women could also own property, inherit from their parents, and will their property to whomever they wished.

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The Egyptian religion included numerous deities, who were greatly significant in Egyptian culture. Some of the most important gods were Osiris, king of the Underworld,

Anubis, god of the dead, and Geb and Nut, who created the world. However, in the Middle Kingdom, Amun rose in power and popularity; he became known then as the king of the gods.

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Irrigation projects at the Faiyum, a large oasis on the west bank of the Lower Nile, increased harvests.

The government was supported by taxes from farming.

The Pharaoh gained wealth through mining and trade, which extended as far as Aegean.

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Mentuhotep I: first king of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt who reunified Upper and Lower Egypt

Amenemhet I: conquered Lower Nubia to control the gold resources of the area

Sobekneferu: the first certain female king of Egypt