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The strong, lower part of the mantle.

The middle layer.

Extends to the Earth’s core.

We are talking about a layer in the mantle

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They have create around the 80% of the planet surface, creating a foundation where life can be develop.

When a volcano erupt, they release gases, rivers and volcanic rocks over the landscape. Among the time, the different elements descompost the volcanic rocks into nutrients, creating a fertile surface. This is the reason why among the time many civilizations lived near volcanoes, because of the fertile landscape.

Each volcanoes have their own characteristics.

Explosive eruptions happen when viscous molten rock traps the gasses, building pressure until it breaks free.

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Plates movements cause volcanoes, tsunamis, earthqueakes, and much more!

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Tsunamis are a series of huge waves caused by earthquakes, underwater landslides, volcanic eruptions, or asteroids.

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Tye of rocks are form in the earth origins, when the organization of the layers composition!

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Tye of rocks are form in the earth origins, when the organization of the layers composition!

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Volcanoes and earthquakes are form with plates moves and collision between them!

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Volcanoes and earthquakes are form with plates moves and collision between them!

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Plats have to do with the earth layers! As they are part of them and floating over them

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Plats have to do with the earth layers! As they are part of them and floating over them

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Mainly made out of dark basalt rocks that are rich in minerals and substances: silicon and magnesium. It  has a higher density. It is younger. Not as thick as continental crust. Makes up the ocean floor

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Made up of light-colored granite rocks full of substances: oxygen and silicon. Has a lower density. It is older. Thickest layer of the Earth’s crust. Makes up Earth’s continents

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The Earth formed as part of the birth of the solar system: what eventually became the solar system initially existed as a large, rotating cloud of dust and gas.

It was composed of hydrogen and helium produced in the Big Bang, as well as heavier elements produced by stars long gone.

The dust started to join up to create grains of matter, this is known as accretion.

While the dust joined and the meteorites crushed in the earth, the earth and the gravity started to increase size. There were formed metals, among them, nickel and iron (the heaviest) were atracted by the gravity to the center of the earth and created what today is know as "the core". created Earth layers

The scientifics think that the water comes from some ancient meteorites which collided with our planet. But oceans were at first gas and after the planet cooled to extreme temperatures, the water condensed.

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did you know that temperature of the CENTLE OF THE EARTH IS OF 6000 degrees Celsius?

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did you know that temperature of the CENTLE OF THE EARTH IS OF 6000 degrees Celsius?

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when two plates move touching the other, along the so-called slip faults

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When both tectonic plates pushes away.

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When a plate gets under another tectonic plate.

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There is a theory which says that a planet very similar to the earth collided with the earth and created the moon from resting pieces!

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Igneous rock: They are formed when lava cools and they are 45% of the Earth's crust.
Intrusive: Inside Earth (Eg: Granite)
Extrusive: Outside the Earth (Eg: Obsidian, tuff)

Sedementary: Formed when sedement (small particles of sand, mud and organic material) is accumulated. (Eg: Limestone, shale and sandstone)

Metamorphic: Rocks change into new types of rock. They are formed by being deep under the Earth where pressure and temperatures are high or when rock near the surface is heated up by the movement of tectonic plates or magma. (Eg: Shale becomes slate, sandstone becomes quartzite and linestone becomes marble)

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Convergent boundary

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Convergence, subduction

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Transform boundary Strike/Slip fault

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When the earth was younge, the body collisions that were starting to decrease after years, were starting to grow again. During this, the magma and the heat at the surface who was moving around in the center of the earth increased. The life at that time was hopeless!

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What impact have earthquakes and tsunamis on population?

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What impact have earthquakes and tsunamis on population?

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Wildfires, bridges and roadway devastation, activation of slope collapses, liquefaction, and tsunami. The types of impacts depends on the position of the earthquake: whether it is primarily urban or rural, densely or sparsely inhabited, highly developed or underdeveloped and potential.

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The strength from an earthquake travels through Earth in vibrations called seismic waves. Scientists can measure these seismic waves on units called seismometer. Scientifics use the seismometer to predict where, when and the intensity.

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The plates fit together, they're not stuck in one place. They are floating on Earth's mantle, a really thick layer of hot flowing rock. The flow of the mantle causes tectonic plates to move in different directions.

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Two pieces of evidence for plate tectonics

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Two pieces of evidence for plate tectonics

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1. There is a large amount of seismic, volcanic, and geothermal activity along the conjectured plate boundaries. The concentration is striking, and indeed this plot serves to define the plate boundaries extremely well.

2. There are edges, for example, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge where plates are isolating that are delivered by magma gushing from between the plates as they pull separated. In like manner, there are mountain ranges being framed where plates are pushing against one another.

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Was a theory that explained how continents shift position on Earth's surface. Set forth in 1912 by Alfred Wegener, a geophysicist and meteorologist, continental drift also explained why look-alike animal and plant fossils found on different continents.

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Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. This are massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.

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The lithosphere is a layer that surrounds the earth but it is not a full solid layer because it is in pieces, which are called “tectonic plates”, which are always moving.

The motion that tectonic plates reasons anxiety on earth's crust. When the tension is very large it produces a fissure. Which are called “faults”. If tectonic plates move, faults too. We name an earthquake a sudden movement of Earth’s crust at a fault line.

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Lying beneath the lithosphere and is hotter and more fluid than the lithosphere. Extends from about 100 km to about 700 km below Earth’s surface. Heat from deep within Earth is thought to keep the asthenosphere malleable, lubricating the undersides of Earth’s tectonic plates and allowing them to move.

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Iron and nickel can be find in this layer

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1. Form along the boundaries of Earth's tectonic plates, when tectonic plates collide, one often plunges deep below the other in what's known as a subduction zone. (most common)

2. Hotspot volcanism: a zone of magmatic activity, in the middle of a tectonic plate can push up through the crust to form a volcano.

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is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet, or natural satellite, that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or greater.

Made of two parts: the crust and the Moho (upper solid part of the mantle).

Divided into pieces called tectonic plates.

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Outermost layer of the planet, is less than 1% of the entire Earth’s size. It’s light in color and is made mostly of granite. The continental crust is the crust that is covered by land and the oceanic crust by the ocean

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The mantle is divided into two sections, the Asthenosphere, the bottom layer made of plastic flow and the Lithosphere the top part of the mantle made of a cold dense rock. The average temperature of the mantle is 3000° Celsius.

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Is under so much pressure it does not move like a liquid, it forced to vibrate in place as a solid!

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During Earth’s early formation (history of the planet), the planet underwent a period of differentiation that allowed the heaviest elements to sink to the center and lighter ones to rise to the surface. The Earth has four layers (in order from the center to the outside):

1. inner core ( 1,230 to 1,530 km thick)

2. outer core (2,200 km thick)

3. mantle: the thickest layer (2,900 km thick)

4. crust: the thinnest layer (8 to 100 km thick/fraction: 5/317)

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History of planet Earth (Guada and Luca)

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History of planet Earth (Guada and Luca)

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Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago, approximately one-third the age of the universe, by accretion from the solar nebula.

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Valentina Beskow, Emma Tamborini, Guadalupe Iriberri, Paloma Fernandez, Julieta Bertazza, Luca Velekson, Bautista Sorti
red (history) violet (earth layers) blue (plates) yellow (volcanoes) dark (earthquakes)

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What are four pieces of evidence for continental drift?

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What are four pieces of evidence for continental drift?

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1. The continents seem to fit together like a puzzle.

2. Similar fossils have been found in continents that are today separated by oceans. An example of this is North America and Europe have identical fossils of the Mesosaurus on the southern hemisphere of both continents.

3. Seafloor spreading from molten rock from beneath the Earth forming new crust between plates. This causes the seafloor to grow wider and pushing the continents apart.

4.The occurrence of earthquakes, tsunamis, and oceanic trenches are formed from plates moving past, towards, and away from each other.