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A forest is a large area of land dominated by treesThe importance of forests cannot be underestimated. We depend on forests for our survival, from the air we breathe to the wood we use. Besides providing habitats for animals and livelihoods for humans, forests also offer watershed protection, prevent soil erosion and mitigate climate change.According to the widely used Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered 4 billion hectares.Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed around the globe.

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India is not only famous for its diverse wildlife, architectural marvels and culture, but also for its dense and vast forest cover. Indian climate befits the variety of flora and fauna.
Forest is the second largest land use in India next to agriculture. The forest cover of India is assessed as 67.83 million hectares which constitute 20.64 per cent of the country's geographical area, ranging from the Himalayan Temperate to Dry Zone forests. Indian government has also established National action plan on forest fibres whose main objectives of the action plan is to reduce the incidences of fires by informing, enabling and empowering forest fringe communities.

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TYPES OF FORESTS AND NATURAL VEGETATION IN INDIA:

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TYPES OF FORESTS AND NATURAL VEGETATION IN INDIA:

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TYPES OF FOREST IN INDIA
Types of forests in India can be divided into five major types on the basis of certain common features like dominant natural vegetation,  climatic region etc. The types of forests in India are classified  as below:
1.Tropical Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen forests.
2.Tropical Deciduous Forests.
3.Tropical Thorn Forests.
4.Montane Forests.
5.Mangrove Forests.
Video on types of forests in India:https://youtu.be/Z8jOcYEtyc0

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Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests

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Temperature: Hot and humid climate
Rainfall: 200cm
Location: Andaman and Nicobar Island, the western ghats, lakshadweep and upper part of Assam.
Important Characteristic: There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves that is why forest appears green throughout the year.
Plant species: Ebony, Mahogany, rose,  wood, rubber and bamboo
Animal species: Elephant, Monkey, deer, sloth, one horned rhinoceros.

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Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests

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The Tropical Deciduous trees are further divided into 2 categories-Wet deciduous and dry deciduous forest.
Temperature: Hot and humid in both Wet and Dry deciduous forest.
Rainfall: 100-200cm in Wet deciduous and 70-100cm in dry deciduous forest.
Location: Wet deciduous- foothills of Himalayas, eastern slopes of western giants, Jharkhand and Odisha.
Dry deciduous- Rainier part peninsular plateau, plains of Bihar and UP.
Important Characteristic: Trees shed their leaves for 6-8 weeks in dry summer and height of the trees is 30-40 metres in Wet deciduous and 25 metres in dry deciduous
Plant species: Teak,bamboo,Sal, sandalwood,shisham and mulberry.
Animal species: Lion,tiger,pig,deer,elephant,etc.

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Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests

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Rainfall: Less than 70cm of rainfall.
Location: North Western part of our country,Gujarat,Rajasthan,Madhya Pradesh,Chhattisgarh,UP and Western Haryana and Punjab.
Important Characteristic: Trees are penetrate deep into the soil in order to get moisture.
Plant species: Palms and Cacti.
Animal species: Rats,rabbits,fox,wolf,tiger,lion and camels.

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Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests

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Montane forests are classified  into 4 categories:-Wet Temperate,Temperate forest,Alpine and Tundra.

Wet Temperate Forests: Wet temperate forests are found between height of 1000-2000m.
Plant species: Oaks and chestnut
Coniferous forest: Between 1500-3000metres temperate forests containing coniferous trees are found.
Temperate forest: Pine,decoder,spruce,cedar
Alpine Forest in India: At high altitudes more than 3600 metres above sea level Alpine vegetation is found.
Plant species: silver fir and pines
Tundra: At higher altitudes mosses and lichens of tundra vegetation  are found.
Plant species: Mosses and lichens
Rainfall: Mean annual rainfall is 75-125cm
Main areas: Western Himalayas,Southern slopes of Himalayas and places having high altitudes in southern and North East India.
Animal species: Wild sheep,snow leapord,bear,red panda,sheep,etc.

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Rainfall: 130cm of rainfall
Location: Delta of Ganga and brahmputra,the Mahanadi,the Krishna,the Godavari and the Kaveri.
Important Characteristic: Roots of the mangrove plants are submerged under water and found in areas of coasts influenced by tides.
Plant species: Sundari tree,Palm,Coconut,egg.
Animal species: Royal Bengal Tiger,turtles,crocodiles,gharials and snakes.

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Video links on facts about the forests:-
https://youtu.be/EkhBaM6aGr0
https://youtu.be/HiwgpA4ReEc
https://youtu.be/J6RSyi0K5W4

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By:-Riya Kumar
IX G