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Continue in your section titled "North vs. South"
Click on the link below and look at the photographs from The Detroit News archives of photographs.  Respond to the following questions:
4. Who is the intended audience?
5. What is the author's point of view towards the topic?
6. Do you find a contrast to what you read in yesterday's Weebly project? If yes - what is it? If no- what similarities do you see?

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List the historical injustices that Dr. Martin Luther King, Junior describes in this excerpt from his Letter From a Birmingham Jail.

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Click on the link below. In your craft journal - title this section Brown vs. Board of Education. Create a timeline and write (in your own words) how the laws of segregation changed through the years (be sure to have the year and the information).
Answer this Big Question: What lead to the desegregation of schools in Alabama?

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In 1954, in a unanimous decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state laws segregating public schools for African-American and white children were unconstitutional. The case, known as Brown v. Board of Education overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling, which was handed down 58 years earlier.

The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling was a landmark case that cemented the inspiration for the Civil Rights Movement.

The case was fought through the legal arm of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP) which had been fighting civil rights battles since the 1930s.

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is established to protect the civil rights of African-Americans. The act guaranteed the right to sue, own property, and contract for work.

The 14 th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified. The amendment grants the privilege of citizenship to African-Americans. It also guarantees that a person cannot be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law. It also makes it illegal to deny a person equal protection under the law.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in an 8 to 1 vote that the "separate but equal" argument presented in the Plessy v. Ferguson case. The Supreme Court rules that if "separate but equal" facilities were available for both African-American and white travelers there was no violation of the 14 th Amendment.

Justice Henry Billings Brown wrote the majority opinion, arguing

"The object of the [Fourteenth] amendment was undoubtedly to enforce the equality of the two races before the law, but in the nature of things it could not have been intended to abolish distinctions based upon color, or to endorse social, as distinguished from political, equality[...] If one race be inferior to the other socially, the Constitution of the United States cannot put them upon the same plane."

The sole dissenter, Justice John Marshal Harlan, interpreted the 14 th Amendment in another way contending that "our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens."

Harlan's dissenting argument would support later arguments that segregation was unconstitutional.

This case becomes the basis for legal segregation in the United States.

The NAACP is established by W.E.B. Du Bois and other civil rights activists. The purpose of the organization is to fight racial injustice through legal means. The organization lobbied to legislative bodies to create anti-lynching laws and eradicate injustice in its first 20 years. However, in the 1930s, the NAACP established a Legal Defense and Education Fund to fight legal battles in court. Headed by Charles Hamilton Houston, the fund created a strategy of dismantling segregation in education.

Thurgood Marshall 's strategy of fighting segregation is endorsed by the NAACP Board of Directors. Marshall's strategy included tackling segregation in education.

Several school segregation cases, which had been filed in states such as Delaware, Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Washington DC, are combined under Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. By combining these cases under one umbrella shows the national significance.

The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously rules to overturn Plessy v. Ferguson. The ruling argued that the racial segregation of public schools is a violation of the 14 th Amendment's equal protection clause.

Several states refused to implement the decision. Many even consider it,

"[N]ull, void, and no effect" and begin establishing laws arguing against the rule. As a result, the U.S. Supreme Court issues a second ruling, also known as Brown II. This ruling mandates that desegregation must occur "with all deliberate speed."

Arkansas' governor, as well as lawmakers, refuse to desegregate schools. In the case, Cooper v. Aaron the U.S. Supreme Court remains steadfast by arguing that states must obey its rulings as it is an interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.

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The Brown v. Board of Education ruling in 1954 dismantled the longstanding "separate but equal" laws existing in Southern states.

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Watch the video of President John F. Kennedy and his response to the Civil Unrest in Alabama. In your craft notebook - title this section "JFK's response to civil unrest in AL"
Answer these questions:
1. What is the author's purpose for this speech?
2. What is JFK's point of view - how does he feel? How do you know? What words tell you this?
3. What is the background of what is going on at the time?
4. Who is JFK's audience? How do you know?

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John F. Kennedy - Address on Civil Rights

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Review the student created Weebly. What conclusion can you draw about the differences/similarities in how the blacks were treated in the North vs. the South in America during the 1960's?
In your craft journal title this section "North vs. South" and list the similarities and differences you  notice.
1. Who is the author?
2. Who is the intended audience?
3. What is the author's point of view towards the topic?

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Flint Michigan is the home of the Watson family, also known as the Weird Watsons. It is extremely cold there. This contrasts to the setting of Birmingham, because Alabama is very hot, especially when the Watsons visit. Michigan also happens to be in the north. This is very significant in the story because it takes place in the Civil Rights Movement, and their northern home makes it more believable how unaware they are of the hatred of Blacks in the south. Finally, Byron's best friend and fellow delinquent, lives in Flint. This makes it much easier and more possible for Byron to act up; when he is with Buphead, he has a partner in crime and a terrible influence. One of the three main settings in The Watsons Go to Birmingham-1963, and is significant because it is cold, northern, and the home of Byron's friend, Buphead.

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Flint Michigan is the home of the Watson family, also known as the Weird Watsons. It is extremely cold there. This contrasts to the setting of Birmingham, because Alabama is very hot, especially when the Watsons visit. Michigan also happens to be in the north.

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Watch the video of the Children's Crusade that occurred in Birmingham, AL in 1963. In your craft journal - Title this section "Children's Crusade". Identify the obstacles the young people faced and the successes during the Civil Rights Movement.

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0:00 / 8:02•Watch full video

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Children who marched for equal rights inspire a new generation

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In your craft book title this section "16th Street Bombing".
First - watch the video.
Then respond to the following questions in your journal:
1. Who was killed in the bombing?
2. Who was ultimately convicted of the bombing?
3. Who is the intended audience of this video?
4. What purpose does it serve?

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The Bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church

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In your craft book title this section "FBI Reports".
1. Read ove the FBI reports.
2. Identify (list all) the different suspects that are listed in the reports.
3.Who wrote the reports? For what purpose?
4. Who is the intended audience?
5. What point of view did the author have?
6. What historical context is associated with the reports?

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Review your notes and draw your own conclusion on what it was like during the 1960's in America. In your craft journal title this section "Civil Unrest Reflection". Now, answer the Three Big Questions in your journal:
1. What surprised me?
2. What did the author think I already knew?
3. What changed, challenged, or confirmed what I  knew?

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Taking what you learned and already knew - you are to create a slide(s) to present to the class.  You need to use complete sentences in your writing, proper capitalization, subject/verb tenses, and punctuation. Your presentation needs to last approximately one minute. You may add visual images for interest.
You will create the slides in google and SHARE the link with your teacher for him/her to display while you present your oral presentation.
ONLINE learners. You will create a video with your oral presentation.

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Post your video of your slide and you presenting to flipgrid!

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Flipgrid is where social and emotional learning happens! The leading video discussion platform for millions of PreK to PhD educators, students, and families.

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Blank Google Slide for you to work in. You may  use a background or images to create visual interest. Instructions:
1. Open the link for the slide.
2. MAKE YOUR OWN COPY. To do this click on "file" and then "Make a copy"
3. Create your slide(s)on the copy you made
4. SHARE with kelly.stubblefield@birdvilleschools.net
5. Be ready to present!