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Judiciary Act            (September 24, 1789)        

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Judiciary Act            (September 24, 1789)        

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The Judiciary Act established the Supreme Court, which is part of the judicial branch of government that makes sure laws passed are constitutional. The judicial branch is included in separation of powers, which maintains checks and balances so one branch doesn't get too strong.

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Hamilton's Financial Plan             (December 5, 1791)

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Hamilton's Financial Plan             (December 5, 1791)

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As the country's treasury secretary, Alexander Hamilton needed to deal with the country's ever-increasing debt. His plan proposed an excise tax (tax on manufactured goods like whiskey), a Bank of the United States, to pay debt a face value, to have the national government assume state debt, and tariffs so revenue for the government can be raised.

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Proclamation of Neutrality          (April 22, 1793)

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Proclamation of Neutrality          (April 22, 1793)

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As France and Britain were in the middle of a conflict, American citizens did not know who to support. George Washington solved the issue by declaring that America would remain neutral in the conflict and wouldn't pick a side to defend.

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Whiskey Rebellion                         (July 1794)

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Whiskey Rebellion                         (July 1794)

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Hamilton's Financial Plan called for a tax on manufactured goods, such as whiskey. This was widely unpopular and one day in July 1794, people in Pennsylvania rebelled and destroyed the home of a tax inspector. President Washington sent a militia to Pennsylvania to handle the situation due to the threat of the rebellion growing in size.

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Jay Treaty                                               (November 19, 1794)

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Jay Treaty                                               (November 19, 1794)

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Tensions between Britain and America after the Revolutionary War raised after British soldiers were kidnapping American sailors and stealing their supplies. This caused Hamilton and Washington to send John Jay to negotiate a treaty with Great Britain to settle the tensions. The treaty was widely unpopular as all it did was give Britain more rights and didn't do anything about the impressment of soldiers.

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XYZ Affair                                         (March 1797)

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XYZ Affair                                         (March 1797)

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Washington sent 3 diplomats to create ease with France. They were approached by 3 Frenchmen who tried bribing them. The diplomats were shocked and were suspicious about the fact that money would change French policy.

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Alien and Sedition Acts                      (July 14, 1798)

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Alien and Sedition Acts                      (July 14, 1798)

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As tensions were high with France, the government feared that immigrants in the United States would sympathize with the French. In response, the Alien act allowed the president to deport, arrest, and imprison immigrants during wartime. The Sedition Act made it illegal to publish anything that criticized the government.

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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions                                       (November 11, 1798 &                     December 24, 1798)

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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions                                       (November 11, 1798 &                     December 24, 1798)

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In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Kentucky and Virginia created resolutions that claimed the acts infringed on their constitutional rights, such as freedom of speech, and tried to nullify the acts. These documents posed the question of whether or not states could nullify federal laws due to "compact theory", which states that since states created the constitution and hold the power so they decide if the government overstepped its boundaries.