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the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws.

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It establishes that the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws, and even state constitutions.

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is a fundamental right in the Constitution that protects against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment.

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addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.

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are those powers that the Constitution has specifically given to the federal government.

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are powers Congress exercises that the Constitution does not explicitly define, but are necessary and proper to execute the powers.

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by a constitution to the exclusive jurisdiction of a specified political authority.

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are powers that are shared by both the State and the federal government.

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is the process by which the House of Representatives brings charges against either the President, the Vice President, or any federal officer for misconduct alleged to have been committed

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a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.

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Informal term for any attempt to block or delay Senate action on a bill or other matter by debating it at length, by offering numerous procedural motions, or by any other delaying or obstructive actions.

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is a joint commitee of the United States Congress appointed by the House of Representatives and Senate to resolve disagreements on a particular bill

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A person who is represented politically by a designated government official or officeholder, especially when the official is one that the person represented has the opportunity to participate in selecting through voting or perhaps through other methods of indicating political confidence and support.

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standing committees are permanent legislative panels established by the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate rules. (House Rule X, Senate Rule XXV.)

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The power of the President to refuse to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevent its enactment into law is the veto. This veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House

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is the practical authority granted to a legal body to administer justice, as defined by the kind of case, and the location of the issue (its situs).

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to ask a higher court to reverse the decision of a trial court after final judgment or other legal ruling.

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is a requirement that legal matters be resolved according to established rules and principles, and that individuals be treated fairly. Due process applies to both civil and criminal matters.

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is one of the most fundamental concepts in criminal justice. It refers to a person's relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for a previous crime.

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punishment imposed (as on a convicted criminal) for purposes of repayment or revenge for the wrong committed.

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Full or partial compensation for loss paid by a criminal to a victim that is ordered as part of a criminal sentence or as a condition of probation. commercial law. wex definitions.

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in the context of criminal sentencing philosophy is one of the functions of punishment. It involves capital punishment, sending an offender to prison, or possibly restricting their freedom in the community, to protect society and prevent that person from committing further crimes.

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military strategy under which one power uses the threat of reprisal effectively to preclude an attack from an adversary power.

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refers to a court decision that is considered as authority for deciding subsequent cases involving identical or similar facts, or similar legal issues. Precedent is incorporated into the doctrine of stare decisis and requires courts to apply the law in the same manner to cases with the same facts.

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are agreements between defendants and prosecutors in which defendants agree to plead guilty to some or all of the charges against them in exchange for concessions from the prosecutors.

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is a set of pre-trial restrictions that are imposed on a suspect to ensure that they will not hamper the judicial process.

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is the formal process of one state surrendering an individual to another state for prosecution or punishment for crimes committed in the requesting country's jurisdiction. It typically is enabled by a bilateral or multilateral treaty. Some states will extradite without a treaty, but those cases are rare

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is the condition of acting in accordance with an applicable constitution; the status of a law, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the laws or set forth in the applicable constitution.

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to offer or suggest (a matter, subject, case, etc.) for consideration, acceptance, or action: to propose a new method.

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as used in this subsection, means the act of approving an unauthorized commitment by an official who has the authority to do so