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We know that the exoplanets are these planets that orbit different stars that isn't including ours

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. Aleksander Wolszczan was the first person to discover exoplanets

.Exoplanets have a thick atmosphere  which means they can sustain life

.There are 15 types of Exoplanets

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Exoplanets, also called "extrasolar planets" are worlds orbiting other stars. Thousands of possible exoplanets have been found through ground-based and space-based observatories. More than 4,000 exoplanets have been confirmed; with almost 3,800 candidates awaiting further observations so that astronomers can be sure that they are planets. Astronomers estimate that there could be trillions of planets around other stars.

Facts about Exoplanets

The known exoplanets fall along a range of sizes, masses, and orbital positions. Sizes and masses range from smaller and less massive than Earth to super-Jupiter types of worlds. Orbital positions range from very close to the parent star to very distant.

Astronomers are starting to find and measure atmospheres around distant exoplanets. This allows them to understand what gases exist in those gaseous envelopes.

Among other characteristics, astronomers can measure the surface temperatures, orbits, magnetic fields, and colors of exoplanets. As detection methods improve, they will be able to find out more about distant worlds.

At least one exoplanet has been found to have an exomoon, while another one is leaving behind a trail of material as it vaporizes while orbiting too close to its star.

The region around a star where liquid water could exist on the surface of a solid planet is called the habitable zone. Worlds orbiting in that zone are considered to be prime candidates where life could be supported.

More than 22 percent of Sun-like stars have Earth-sized planets in their habitable zones. These are important places to concentrate a search for possible life-bearing worlds.

The Kepler Mission was launched to search out distant worlds. It continues its search today. Other missions that have found distant worlds include the Hubble Space Telescope, the CoROT mission from the European Space Agency, the WISE mission, and the Herschel spacecraft. Ground-based observatories continue to be an important part of the search for distant worlds.

Types of Exoplanets

Astronomers group types of exoplanets as follows: Earth-size, Earth-like, Super-Jupiters, gas giants, rocky worlds the size of Earth, rocky giants, Super-Earths, mini-Neptunes, and gas dwarfs.

Earth-size and Earth-like exoplanets are those that are similar in size to our planet, while Earth-like planets have several characteristics in common with our planet, including similar atmosphere and possible liquid water on the surface. These include rocky Earth-size worlds and rocky giants.

Super-Earths are Earth-type planets that are larger than our home world, and contain more mass than Earth does. They are less massive than any gas or ice giants that happen to be in the same system. The first super-Earth was found orbiting the pulsar 1275+12 in 1992.

In the realm of gas giant exoplanets, super-Jupiters are those giants that are much larger than Jupiter. Mini-Neptunes are often referred to as gas dwarfs, and are usually smaller than Uranus or Neptune. They can have up to 10 times the mass of Earth and have very thick atmospheres.

Examples of Exoplanets

Gamma Cephei Ab: The first exoplanet detected, found in 1998 around the star Gamma Cephei. It was not confirmed until 2003, when better detection techniques were developed.

PSR 1267+12 B and C: The first pulsar planets. These were found in 1992, orbiting the rapidly spinning remains of a massive star that exploded as a supernova. Astronomers found a third planet in this system, and are still trying to figure out when those planets formed and how they survived the supernova explosion. One of the planets is a Super-Earth.

51 Pegasi b: The first planet around a star like the Sun. Astronomers found it using the Observatoire de Haute-Provence in France, a ground-based facility. This planet is also known as a "hot Jupiter" because it appears to be a very warm gas-giant-type world.

Kepler 186f: the first Earth-size planet circling in the habitable zone of its star. Found by the Kepler Mission in 2014.

Kepler 11-f: orbits a Sun-like star and has at least 2.3 times the mass of Earth. It may be a gas dwarf, due to its low density and possible hydrogen-helium atmosphere.

Mu Arae c: a hot Neptune type planet orbiting very close to its parent star, Mu Arae. This is the first hot Neptune discovered.

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Exoplanet Facts - Interesting Facts about Exoplanets

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Exoplanets, also called "extrasolar planets" are worlds orbiting other stars. Thousands of possible exoplanets have been found through ground-based and space-based observatories. More than 4,000 exoplanets have been confirmed; with almost 3,800 candidates awaiting further observations so that astronomers can be sure that they are planets.

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This link will give you more info on missions about Exoplanets

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Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System

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national aeronautics and space administration

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NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program, the search for planets and life beyond our solar system.

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The Wobble Effect

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The Wobble effect or Doppler is the method that detects the motion of a star by making precise measurements of its position on the sky. This technique can also be used to identify planets around a star

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Searching for Exoplanets: Astrometric Versus Radial Velocity (Doppler) Method

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This telescope helped us find many Exoplanets and other goodies and helped studied planets better

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Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System

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Kepler's legacy

After nine years in deep space collecting data that revealed our night sky to be filled with billions of hidden planets - more planets even than stars - NASA's Kepler space telescope was retired. Kepler leaves a legacy of more than 2,600 planet discoveries from outside our solar system, many of which could be promising places for life.

Contents

The Top Science Results from the Kepler Mission

NASA's Kepler mission revolutionized our scientific understanding of our place in the cosmos by discovering that:

Planets outnumber the stars. Kepler has proven there are more planets than stars in our galaxy - and knowing that revolutionizes our scientific understanding of our place in the cosmos.

Small planets are common. Kepler has shown us our galaxy is teeming with terrestrial-size worlds; the most recent analysis of Kepler's discoveries concludes that 20 to 50 percent of the stars in the sky are likely to have small, possibly rocky planets similar in size to Earth within the habitable zone of their parent stars, where water could pool on the planet surface. We still have much to learn about whether any of them could host life.

Planets are diverse. Kepler has discovered a diversity of planet types, opening our eyes to new possibilities. The most common size of planet Kepler found doesn't exist in our solar system - a world between the size of Earth and Neptune - and we have much to learn about these planets.

Solar systems are diverse too! While our own inner solar system has four planets, Kepler found systems with considerably more planets - up to eight - orbiting close to their parent stars. The existence of these compact systems raises questions about how solar systems form: Are these planets "born" close to their parent star, or do they form farther out and migrate in?

New insights revealed about stars. Besides launching us into the golden age of exoplanets, Kepler has reinvigorated the study of stars. Kepler observed more than a half million stars over the course of its nine years in operation.

Mission timeline

Meet the team

Related video

Kepler discovery in 360 VR

Use your mouse or fingertip to experience a 360 view. On mobile, move your phone to see sky, ground and horizon. This is an artist's interpretation.

An artist's illustration puts you on the surface of an imaginary moon around the cold gas giant Kepler-16b. Like Luke Skywalker's home planet Tatooine from "Star Wars," Kepler-16b orbits a pair of stars. This 2011 discovery by NASA's Kepler mission was one of the first worlds found orbiting a binary star, proving that a double-sunset is anything but science fiction.

See the poster
More about Kepler-16b

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After nine years in deep space collecting data that revealed our night sky to be filled with billions of hidden planets - more planets even than stars - NASA's Kepler space telescope was retired. Kepler leaves a legacy of more than 2,600 planet discoveries from outside our solar system, many of which could be promising places for life.

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Exoplanet Types: Worlds Beyond Our Solar System

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How do celestial bodies warp the fabric of space-time and interact with each other?

Create an object to begin exploring.

This experiment works best in Chrome, Firefox, or Safari. Download the latest version of one of these browsers to begin.

Create your universe Download Chrome

National Science & Technology Medals Foundation Powered By

National Science & Technology Medals Foundation Powered By

Press and hold to create an object

Press, hold, and flick to add velocity

Observations

Runaway planet! That object's velocity is faster than any nearby gravitational force.

How fast does a rocket need to travel to leave Earth? Any projectile must reach a speed of seven miles per second to break free of our planet's gravity.

The gravity on Mars' moon, Deimos, is so low that if you jumped you could reach escape velocity!

Your object attained escape velocity. Its initial kinetic energy was large enough to escape from the gravitational energy well of the larger object. Space probes that completely escape from the earth's gravity and travel to other planets are examples of vehicles that achieve escape velocity.

You've created a binary system. These two celestial bodies weave around their common center of mass.

When you look up at the night sky, at least half of all the stars you see are binary stars orbiting one another.

You created an orbit. Orbits are like the Goldilocks of space, set in motion only when mass, distance, and velocity are just right. Orbits or often circular or elliptical. The earth's orbit around the sun, for example, deviates less than 2% from a circle.

Communications satellites aren't the only man-made objects orbiting Earth. Astronauts have left behind tools, gloves, and other space junk that might still be floating around.

Typically comets have elliptical orbits. These "dirty snowballs" come from the outer edge of the solar system, pass near the sun where they start to melt and produce a long tail, then return to the edge of the solar system where they refreeze.

Your object failed to attain escape velocity. Its initial kinetic energy was too little to escape from the gravitational energy well of the larger object. Rockets and missiles that return to earth are examples of vehicles that do not achieve escape velocity.

During the early days of our solar system, there were lots of collisions. The scattered debris mostly formed back together or attached to planets.

Don't worry. Nowadays our solar system is stable, and planets are unlikely to collide. However, you still need to watch for dangerous asteroids!

Some collisions don't break things apart but leave impact craters. Mars has been shaped by impact. Its northern half is smooth and low, its southern half mountainous and rough -- so different they're like two separate planets!

According to Newton, the larger the mass of objects and the shorter the distance between them, the stronger the attraction.

Objects move proportionately to their mass. Tiny planets move great distances. Massive planets may only wobble.

When slow-moving celestial bodies collide, they might fuse together and enlarge, increasing from a few kilometers to a few hundred kilometers in diameter.

Earth-like planets begin as particles formed from the collision of gas and dust and grow by accretion. A mature planet can take thousands or even millions of years to form.

Notice how the universe distorts when a object forms or grows in size? According to Einstein, all celestial bodies warp the fabric of space-time. The resulting curves are gravity.

Two celestial bodies of different masses have distinct effects upon space-time. A massive object creates a greater distortion of space-time and can shift the path of smaller objects if they're close enough.

Gravity penetrates everything and holds the galaxy together.

Everything in the universe - moons, planets, particles, galaxies, even light - is drawn towards everything else by the force of gravity.

Your planetary collision has created a moon, or natural satellite. Moons can be anywhere from centimeters to thousands of kilometers in width.

Over 4 billion years ago, something the size of Mars bumped into Earth and left behind the moon that orbits us.

Moons can also be captured by a hefty planet's gravitational pull. The largest irregular moon in our solar system is thought to be Neptune's moon, Triton, which originated in the Kuiper belt of comets.

Orbit shapes are typically ellipses. Orbiting objects zip towards a gravitational center and slow when pulling away.

An orbit system is a gravitationally-bound collection of celestial bodies.

The Sun is the center of planetary orbit in our solar system. But each planet has its own gravitational field, and most have their own natural satellites.

How do celestial bodies warp the fabric of space-time and interact with each other?

We tend think of gravity as a force of attraction, but it's also been described as a curvature of space-time in the presence of mass. This National Science and Technology Medals Foundation interactive invites you to bend the fabric of space-time and observe the resulting gravitational forces. By adjusting the variables of mass, distance, and velocity, you can trigger orbits, collisions, and escape velocities in space.

The National Science and Technology Medals Foundation celebrates the amazing individuals who have won the highest science, technology, engineering, and mathematics award in the United States.

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How do celestial bodies warp the fabric of space-time and interact with each other? Create an object to begin exploring. This experiment works best in Chrome, Firefox, or Safari. Download the latest version of one of these browsers to begin.

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20 favorite Exoplanets that Nasa choose 

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20 favorite Exoplanets that Nasa choose 

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Experts Pick Their Top 20 Favorite Exoplanets

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A quick video to show you what are Exoplanets