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Emergency started on June 1948 with the assassination of three European plantation workers on rubber estates near Sungai Siput in Perak

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Aims were to disrupt the economy and create liberated areas MNLA favored using road and railway ambushes

Staging hit and runs on British forces

Averaging 17 a month in 1949 to over a 100 by 1950

Despite early success 10k strong Malayan federation police force took the brunt of early fighting

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Min Yuen living in squatter communities

Estimated 60k MCP loyalists supplied money, food and intelligence to MCP

Further 500k Chinese peasants suspected of helping MCP

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Briggs plan tactic of moving Min Yuen to new villages 

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Briggs plan tactic of moving Min Yuen to new villages 

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The min yuen were able to be monitored so support for MNLA was cut off

Move rural populations into new villages where they could be monitored

This cut the MNLA off their Min Yuen support

Forced MNLA to come to new villages which exposed themselves to ambush

Government also provided food healthcare education which raised their morale against MCP

400k civilians would be moved into 400 internment camps costing M$100 million

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to expand police and local defense forces

Focused on intelligence gathering

Permanent residential defense corps were established to protect new villages until army arrived

Malayan Federation Police created special branch which focused on gathering intel

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livestock was killed and chemical pesticides were used to cut off MNLA food

Food in new villages rationed to prevent MNLA supply (So min yuen couldn't supply them)

Livestock killed and chemical herbicides used against MNLA jungle farms

Slowly starved MNLA forces forcing them to retreat into deeper jungle

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Templer plan of granting citizenship to aliens 

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Templer plan of granting citizenship to aliens 

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Plan was to keep briggs plan but also pursue political talks whilst escalating military pressure

1952 British admin granted full citizenship to all aliens born in Malaya

Gave rights to chinese malays

Promised independence to Malaya once conflict was won

1953 the hated Emergency regulation 170 was repeated

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Hearts and mind campaign increased spending on civilian services

Result of these policies increased the surrender rate

By the end of 1954 only about 3,000 MNLA troops remained

Retreated further into deep jungle bases

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Tunku abdul rahman declared as chief minister

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Tunku abdul rahman declared as chief minister

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1955 first general election held

Tunku abdul rahman declared as chief minister

Led United Malaya national organisation who formed coalition government with MCA and MIC

First policy was to declare amnesty

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Baling talks December 1955 saw Rahman demand complete surrender

Allowed the inevitable talks to break down between MCP and British gov

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Talks broke down 1956 Chin Peng claims demand for peace(if Britain gave independence to Malaya) enabled Rahman to better negotiate with British gov

Removed primary rationale of MCP’s independence struggle and remaining MNLA forces began to surrender en masse

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April 1957 Hor Lung MPLA commander of southern operations bribed to surrender

By July 60% of Malaya considered free of MNLA influence

1958 around 1k fighters remained in Malaya

Refusing to surrender around 500 remaining MNLA forces fled to Southern Thailand 1960

Emergency declared over 31st July

Chin Peng flee to PRC

Final peace treaty between MCP and Malaysia signed 1989