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March 17, 180 Marcus dies in Vindobona (Vienna) or, more likely, in Bononia near Sirmium. Burial in Hadrian’s mausoleum. Deifi cation as Divus Marcus Antoninus Pius. Commodus becomes sole emperor, the fi rst “born to the purple.” He will be assassinated on December 31, 192.

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177 Persecution of Christians in Lyons. Commodus becomes emperor (Imperator Caesar Lucius Aurelius Commodus Augustus) and is proclaimed pater patriae.

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176 Return to Rome via Syria, Asia Minor, and Greece. Death of Faustina. Marcus and Commodus are initiated into the Elysinian Mysteries. Possibly fi rst acclamation of Commodus as emperor on November 27. Marcus holds triumph over Germans and Sarmatians in Rome, together with Commodus.

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175
Revolt and death of Avidius Cassius. Peace with the Iazyges. Commodus assumes the toga virilis.

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March 7, 161

Marcus becomes emperor, together with his adoptive brother Lucius Verus. Offi cial name and title: Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus – Pontifex Maximus.

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139 Assumption of title of Caesar; member in all priesthoods, among other offi ces.

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February 25, 138
Adoption by Antoninus Pius. Offi cial name: Marcus Aelius Aurelius Verus.

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March 17, 136 birth

Marcus assumes the toga virilis (“toga of manhood”). Offi cial name: Marcus Annius Verus. Engagement to Ceionia Fabia.

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Group 3
Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist known especially for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism.

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The result of that first impulse was his Treatise on Human Nature (1739/40), a prima opera that, perhaps too premature and inspired by youthful ardor, led him to change his literary third to make his ideas known through genre. essays, a genre that, especially after the English Revolution of 1688, weighed more and more among the reading public of the emerging bourgeoisie. Such was the place of the Moral and Political Essays (1742), the Research on Human Knowledge (1748) or the Research on the Principles of Morality (1751), or lesser-known writings, such as the Economic Essays (1752). In any case, from that platform he consolidated his clear vocation as an independent writer, as a typically enlightened man of letters.

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Hume conceived of philosophy as the inductive science of human nature, and he concluded that humans are creatures more of sensitive and practical sentiment than of reason. ... Hume was one of the influences that led Auguste Comte, the 19th-century French mathematician and sociologist, to develop positivism.

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David Hume Changes his Surname

He changed the spelling of his name in 1734, because the fact that his surname 'Home' was pronounced 'Hume' in Scotland was not known in England.

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Philosophical view of self of David Hume (1711-1776)

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Philosophical view of self of David Hume (1711-1776)

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Group 3

Hume argues that our concept of the self is a result of our natural habit of attributing unified existence to any collection of associated parts. This belief is natural, but there is no logical support for it.

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The relation between the Treatise and the Enquiries (group 3)

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The relation between the Treatise and the Enquiries (group 3)

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In 1775, as he was readying a revised edition of his Essays and Treatises for the press, Hume sent his publisher an “Advertisement”, asking that it be included in this and any subsequent edition of his works. In it, he complains that his critics focused “all their batteries” on the Treatise, “that juvenile work”, which he published anonymously and never acknowledged. He urges his readers to regard the Enquiries “as containing his philosophical sentiments and principles”, assuring his publisher that they provide “a compleat answer” to his critics.

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David Hume Dies

He settled in Edinburgh where he lived until his death at the south-west corner of St. Andrew's Square in Edinburgh's New Town, at what is now 21 Saint David Street. (A popular story, consistent with some historical evidence, suggests the street was named after Hume.

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In the second half of the 5th century BC, sophists were teachers who specialized in using the tools of philosophy and rhetoric to entertain

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The Socratic Method involves a shared dialogue between teacher and students. The teacher leads by posing thought-provoking questions. Students actively engage by asking questions of their own. The discussion goes back and forth.

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-The Socratic Method involves a shared dialogue between teacher and students.
-The teacher leads by posing thought-provoking questions.

-Students actively engage by asking questions of their own.

-The discussion goes back and forth.
(group#4)

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The principle underlying the Socratic method is that students learn through the use of critical thinking, reasoning, and logic. This technique involves finding holes in their own theories and then patching them up. In law school specifically, a professor will ask a series of Socratic questions after having a student summarize a case, including relevant legal principles associated with the case. Professors often manipulate the facts or the legal principles associated with the case to demonstrate how the resolution of the case can change greatly if even one fact changes. The goal is for students to solidify their knowledge of the case by thinking critically under pressure.

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ˉUnderstand the belief. Ask the person to state clearly their belief/argument.
ˉSum up the person's argument. Play back what they said to clarify your understanding of their position.
ˉAsk for evidence. ...
ˉChallenge their assumptions. ...
ˉRepeat the process again, if required.

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The Socratic method uses questions to examine the values, principles, and beliefs of students. Through questioning, the participants strive first to identify and then to defend their moral intuitions about the world which undergird their ways of life.

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Group#2 by: Carlos Borjas, Cesia Maradiaga, Daniela Ruiz, Luis Murillo, and Marcia López.

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Who was Plato's most important disciples?

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Who was Plato's most important disciples?

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After Plato's death, the Academy continued to exist for many centuries under various heads. When Plato's nephew, Speusippus (died c. 338 bce), was elected as his successor, Plato's greatest disciple, Aristotle (384–322 bce), left for Assus, a Greek city-state in Anatolia, and then went to the island of Lesbos.

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Group #2 by: Carlos Borjas, Cesia Maradiaga, Daniela Ruiz, Luis Murillo and Marcia Lopez

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The Theory of Forms by greek philosopher Plato states that the real world is not the physical world. The Forms are abstract, perfect, unchanging concepts or ideals that transcend time and space.

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The Soul
Plato advocates a belief in the immortality of the soul, and several dialogues end with long speeches imagining the afterlife.

Epistemology
Plato's epistemology involves Socrates arguing that knowledge is not empirical, and that it comes from divine insight.

Justified True Belief
Many have interpreted Plato as stating-even having been the first to write that knowledge is justified true belief, an influential view that informed future developments in epistemology.

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Gruoup 2: Carlos Borjas,Cesia Maradiaga,Daniela Ruiz, Luis Murillo, Marcia Lopez

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1.He wrote numerous philosophical discussions which continue to be debates:A majority of Plato’s work is in the form of dialogues, which many a times do not lead to any conclusion. A student of Plato’s philosophy is encouraged to approach a topic in many different ways and repeatedly question the result. These dramatic features of Plato’s works have earned attention even from literary scholars relatively uninterested in philosophy and are the reason that they continue to be hotly debated after many years.
2.He came up with the epistemology or theory of knowledge:Plato believed that true knowledge may only be derived from world of ideal and timeless forms. He argues that knowledge is inherently present in a person’s soul and is shrouded by their perception of reality.
3.He is credited with establishing the first university in Europe:It was a place where students would study a wide variety of subjects from various instructors. The Academy is accredited by most scholars to be the first known university in Europe. It attracted many brilliant men. including Eudoxus of Cnidus (mathematician) and Aristotle (philosopher).
4.He gave us an insight into the philosophical teachings of Socrates:Although Socrates was an influential thinker during his times, he did not write down any of his teachings. Plato for the most part wrote in dialogues which seem to be directly inherited from Socrates. Plato’s teacher Socrates is mostly the central character in these writings with subjects usually centered around Socrates’ lessons.

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Group#2 Carlos Borjas, Cesia Maradiaga, Daniela Ruiz, Luis Murillo, and Marcia López 

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●He was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

●Plato was an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy.

●Was also considered the founder of Western political philosophy.

●Plato's entire body of work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years. Although their popularity has fluctuated, Plato's works have consistently been read and studied.

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Group#2 Carlos Borjas, Cesia Maradiaga, Daniela Ruiz, Luis  Murillo, and Marcia López 

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●Due to a lack of surviving accounts, little is known about Plato's early life and education. Plato belonged to an aristocratic and influential family.

●Plato's mother was Perictione, whose family boasted of a relationship with the famous Athenian lawmaker and lyric poet Solon.

●Plato's father Ariston traced his descent from the king of Athens, Codrus, and the king of Messenia, Melanthus.

●It is believe that he was born in Athens or Aegina[c] between 429 and 423 BC.

●He died at the age of 81 on the same day he was born.