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Journalism is the activity of gathering, assesing, creating, and presenting news and information. It is also the product of these activities. Journalism can be distinguished from other activities and products by certain identifiable characteristics and practices.

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Introduction. The lead, or opening paragraph, is the most important part of a news story. With so many sources of information – newspapers, magazines, TV, radio and the internet – audiences simply are not willing to read beyond the first paragraph (and even sentence) of a story unless it grabs their interest.

Through the media, people become aware of events and issues occurring around them. As a result, they make educated decisions. Therefore, the media serve as witnesses of the events happening within our societies and then report them to us.

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The media plays a vital role in a democratic society. Journalism is for the 'voice of a voiceless'- expressing opinions of all those in our society. It's like a bridge between the authorities and people. Therefore its primary purpose is to make sure all citizens are aware of their rights.

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The press performs a very important role as means of mass communication in the modern world.

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Though it may be interesting or even entertaining, the foremost value of news is as a utility to empower the informed. The purpose of journalism is thus to provide citizens with the information they need to make the best possible decisions about their lives, their communities, their societies, and their governments.

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Through the media, people become aware of events and issues occurring around them. As a result, they make educated decisions. Therefore, the media serve as witnesses of the events happening within our societies and then report them to us.

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Social media has had a dramatic impact on the ways we interact with one another. Social media platforms have connected us to one another in new and impactful ways. Stories and opinions can gain exposure with unprecedented speed, giving individuals around the globe continuous access to a near-real-time conversation about both important and trivial matters.

Unfortunately, there is a dark side to social media: fake news. Misinformation can influence users, manipulating them for political or economic reasons.

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Advocacy journalism is a genre of journalism that adopts a non-objective viewpoint, usually for some social or political purpose. Some advocacy journalists reject that the traditional ideal of objectivity is possible in practice, either generally, or due to the presence of corporate sponsors in advertising.

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Arts journalism is a branch of journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of the arts including, but not limited to, the visual arts, film, literature, music, theater, and architecture.

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Celebrity journalism, which centres on the lives of film stars, pop stars or those who, in the words of Dan- iel Boorstin, are simply 'well known for their well knownness' (Boorstin 2006) is in many ways the staple of contemporary journalistic copy.

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Crime journalists research and write articles about criminal events for newspapers, magazines, television and other media. They conduct interviews and attend court hearings.

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Business journalism is the part of journalism that tracks, records, analyzes and interprets the business, economic and financial activities and changes that take place in societies. Topics widely cover the entire purview of all commercial activities related to the economy.

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Citizen journalism, also known as collaborative media, participatory journalism, democratic journalism, guerrilla journalism or street journalism, is based upon public citizens "playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing, and disseminating news and information.

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Community journalism is locally-oriented, professional news coverage that typically focuses on city neighborhoods, individual suburbs or small towns, rather than metropolitan, state, national or world news. ... Most community journalists are professionally trained reporters and editors.

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Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report.

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Watchdog journalism is a form of investigative journalism where journalists, authors or publishers of a news publication fact-check and interview political and public figures to increase accountability. Watchdog journalism usually takes on a form of beat reporting about specific aspects and issues.

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Digital journalism, also known as online journalism, is a contemporary form of journalism where editorial content is distributed via the Internet, as opposed to publishing via print or broadcast.

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Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are broadcast by electronic methods instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters. It works on radio, television and the World Wide Web. Such media disperse pictures, visual text and sounds.

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Opinion journalism is journalism that makes no claim of objectivity. Although distinguished from advocacy journalism in several ways, both forms feature a subjective viewpoint, usually with some social or political purpose.

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Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on matters pertaining to sporting topics and competitions. ... There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport.

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Trade journalism reports on the movements and developments of the business world by way of articles or analysis. Trade journalism also refers to industry-specific news, such as exclusive focus on commodities (e.g. oil, gas and metals) or sectors (finance, travel, food) This business-related article is a stub.

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Entertainment journalists research and write articles about cultural and social events for newspapers, magazines, television and other media. They conduct interviews with artists and celebrities and attend events.

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This field of journalism is booming at a fast pace. It came into existence soon after the invention of the internet. Cyberjournalism is also called online journalism. A cyber journalist reports about the happening on the cyberspace, which includes, cybercrimes, online events etc. This type of journalism has become a popular career choice of many youngsters because of its interesting work style.

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Weather journalism. The work of this type of journalism is self-explanatory by its name. This is one of the oldest types of journalism and is usually sidetracked by the people. However, there is still a small segment of the population such as farmers, who relies on the weather forecast for their day-to-day activities.

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The job of a scientific journalist is to report science-related news to the common people. To work in this field requires a good understanding of the field and effective writing skills. He/she has to break down the news in simple language, so that laymen can understand, without compromising with the meticulousness.

Scientific journalistic writers write for science journals, science subscriptions, and informative features. The number of readers of scientific journalism is increasing, making the rise in the number of scientific journalists.

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In recent years, the interest of people has increased in reading about lifestyle. Lifestyle journalism includes music, leisure, entertainment, gardening, cooking, home, shopping, yoga and exercises, and healthy eating habits. This section provides readers with tips to lead a better and healthy lifestyle.

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The job of an education journalist is to report various events and developments in the field of education. The reports created by journalist assist policymakers to make education policies accordingly. The main focus of education journalism is to spread awareness about education and inspire people to go for higher education. The audience of education journalism is mostly students, teachers, and researchers.

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There is a segment of the population that sleep with a copy of Vogue magazine under their pillow. Magazines like Vogue, Elle, W, L’Officiel, Jalouse are elite magazines of the fashion world. These magazines provide information about the latest trend in the fashion market. They also include photos of models, interviews of fashion models and highlights of the latest fashion shows. Besides, magazines fashion journalist can also work in fashion channels, websites, YouTube channels etc.

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Comic/ Graphic journalism. This is an evolving and interesting branch of journalism. Comic and graphic journalism has been an integral part of print media, but it has recently become part of cyber journalism. Cartoons and comic characters are used to depict real-life instances from recent news articles.

This type of journalism is appealing and grabs the attention of the audience easily. This style of journalism is part of newspapers, monthly subscriptions, and news websites.

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Tabloids are favorite of many readers, who seek entertainment from the print media. Tabloids are hit with many untrustworthy newspapers and websites. A tabloid journalist writes about the information from interviews of celebrities, statements made by them, release of a movie, latest technologies, newly released books etc. tabloid journalism is also famous by the name of “yellow journalism”. News in tabloids is highly-embellished and unreliable.

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Importance of Journalism

Journalism means the works of a journalist regarding news, views, reports, etc. It is an investigation and reporting of current world affairs which include fashion trends, political or general issue and events to a broad audience. It is apparent writing on any issue of an affair.

Though there are various purposes for it, the most important aspect is the freedom of expression. The root of journalism comes from people’s right to have an opinion.

Today people depend on the press on being informed of what’s happening. A modern newspaper is something very much more than a mere purveyor of the news; it is also a store-house of current information, an instrument of public criticism, a creator of public opinion. The media plays a vital role in a democratic society. Their influence on forming a public opinion is very great. They may be said to do political thoughts on behalf of the man in the street. Then there is the news-editor and his staff. They receive news from different agencies, staff reporters and correspondents. They edit, arrange, and display them. They can flash a headline and create a sensation. The staff-reporters interview people, elicit views by “scooping” news in advance.

Journalism is for the ‘voice of a voiceless’- expressing opinions of all those in our society. It’s like a bridge between the authorities and people. A modern newspaper must also have on its staff competent artists, cartoonists, photographers, etc. There must be advertisement managers and circulation managers. All these people who are on the staff of a newspaper are known by the general name of journalists, or newspapermen.

Wealthy and influential newspapers always maintain their own correspondents, home and abroad. The modern world could not exist without such an elaborate organization and agency of information gathered from various sources.

Therefore its primary purpose is to make sure all citizens are aware of their rights. Journalism is a difficult profession. “To write weekly”, says Virginia Woolf, “to write daily, to write shortly, to write for busy people catching trains in the morning, or for tired people coming home in the evening is a heartbreaking task for men who know good writing from bad. Oscar Wilde once stated, “By giving us the opinion of the uneducated, journalism keeps us in touch with the ignorance of the community”.

Journalism is important to the world because we are now a global economy and almost a global society. A good journalist creates his own peculiar style. He knows the art of creating the taste and demand for what he offers. The most important thing to understand about journalism is that its entire purpose is to serve the citizens. One aspires to literary excellence; another sets greater store by propaganda. Its coverage is very wide, and its scope for improvement is unlimited. But the journalist should guard against the present tendency for trivializing and fragmenting news items, imposing the editor’s opinions upon readers. Finally, journalism provides what Kovatch and Rosenstiel call “a public forum for criticism and comment.” This is an essential thing for a democratic society to have.