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윤고은/ Is it right to implement public diplomacy only by the government?

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윤고은/ Is it right to implement public diplomacy only by the government?

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Public diplomacy refers to diplomatic activities that promote diplomatic relations and enhance our national image and national brand by spreading consensus on Korea's history, tradition, culture, art, value, policy, and vision through direct communication with foreign people. The basic concept of public diplomacy is to create a positive image by directly approaching the foreign public by using various mechanisms such as culture, art, aid, knowledge, language, media, and publicity. Public diplomacy expects attractiveness and impression of Korean culture, secures understanding and support for Korean policy, and promotes Korea properly with knowledge and information, so public diplomacy is mainly aimed at foreign public. However, voluntary participation of various subjects is essential for the success of public diplomacy. It is essential for actors of various levels, including individual citizens, NGOs, businesses, local governments, and government agencies at various levels, to form and maintain networks with actors from other countries. However, as of now, most of Korea's public diplomacy is led by the government. Therefore, I don't think it is right for public diplomacy to be implemented solely by the government.
First, this is because the form of public diplomacy has a greater influence of smart power than hard power, and the relationship type of communication is horizontal, interactive, and symmetrical. Hard power is a collective term for political diplomacy and economic diplomacy, and smart power is a combination of hard power and soft power. Currently, Korea has entered public diplomacy one step later than advanced countries, but now it is clear that the influence of various subjects participating in public diplomacy has increased because it values smart power that combines public diplomacy. In addition, unlike previous public diplomacy, public diplomacy using digital media such as the Internet and SNS has increased, so it is not right for public diplomacy to be implemented only by the government because there are various subjects who use it all and actively promote the country's culture.
Second, this is because public diplomacy has emerged as another important diplomatic strategy. In Germany, various institutions in charge of public diplomacy, that is, cultural diplomacy, were separated and decoupled from the government and communicated and interacted with the people of other countries with a certain uniqueness. And since cultural diplomacy, a key field of public diplomacy, experts in each culture and workers in each culture industry know more than the government, it is expected that there will be more ways to realize public diplomacy.

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성정민 / Should education on Korean culture be conducted? 

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성정민 / Should education on Korean culture be conducted? 

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I think Korean cultural education should be conducted.

The reason is as follows.

First, we must know well about Korean culture ourselves so that we can not lose our individuality. With the development of information and communication technology, the era of globalization has opened. As exchanges between countries increase further, cultural exchanges are also actively taking place. The traditional wedding procedure in Korea was conducted in the order of Jeon An-rye, where the groom offered wooden geese to the bride's house, Gyobaerye, where the groom and bride reciprocated, and Hapgeunrye, where they shared Haphwanju. However, as Western wedding culture enters Korea, many people wear Western suits and wedding dresses and hold weddings. Fortunately, after the wedding, a traditional Korean marriage method called lungbaek is carried out. In other words, the phenomenon of cultural convergence has only occurred, and it has not yet been fully assimilated into Western culture. However, if education on Korean culture is not conducted, there is a risk that only cultural assimilation, not cultural convergence, will occur. Therefore, we should try not to lose our own individuality through education on our culture.

Second, it can contribute greatly to the spread of Korean culture around the world. When we have a good understanding of our culture, it is more effective when spreading our culture. We need to understand the strengths of our culture and factors that foreigners will like and use them as a marketing tool. In order to do this, an understanding of our culture is essential. For example, the reason why K-pop is hot all over the world is that Koreans also enjoy and know K-pop culture well. Many Korean fans enjoy listening to K-pop songs and consume the content of their favorite singers using SNS or online platforms. This naturally served as an opportunity for K-POP to spread abroad. In addition, producers and related industry workers of K-POP singers are also producing various contents by grasping the advantages of K-POP's unique fandom culture and operating system. As such, we need to understand Korean culture ourselves and education on Korean culture must be provided to help us understand it.

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김채연/ Can the Korean Wave be viewed as a phenomenon of cultural imperialism?

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김채연/ Can the Korean Wave be viewed as a phenomenon of cultural imperialism?

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I think the Korean Wave is not a cultural imperialism.
First of all, other cultures haven't been ignored or disappeared due to the Korean Wave. Cultural imperialism means that culture has an imperial character. If so, does the Korean Wave correspond to this? There have been many cases in the past in which one country's culture influenced other countries. For example, Japanese animation culture is still gaining sensational popularity with Korea. Currently, the Korean Wave craze, including "Squid Game" and BTS, is hitting the world. Then, is Korea a true cultural empire? I don't think so. Foreigners are enjoying the Korean Wave while preserving and enjoying their culture.
Next, let me take Korean movies and dramas as an example. Winter Sonata, Squid Game, and I Can Speak are gaining sensational popularity abroad. However, we have never forced or forcibly exported such movies or dramas abroad. Just because Korean movies and dramas are fun, they have become popular overseas as they are watched and spread. However, I don't think foreigners who voluntarily chose to enjoy the Korean Wave should be viewed as trapped in cultural imperialism.
Therefore, I think the Korean Wave is a 'cultural phenomenon' and should not be viewed as 'imperialism'.
Also, Korea did not force the Korean Wave to other countries.

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이정성/ What are some ways to help multicultural students adapt to Korean culture?

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이정성/ What are some ways to help multicultural students adapt to Korean culture?

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1. As the number of multicultural students increases every year, the need for education about multicultural students is becoming important. In this situation, Korea must support customized education which is suitable for individual multicultural students. First, it is necessary to establish and operate a multicultural kindergarten that multicultural children can receive basic education such as language or Korean culture. In multicultural kindergartens, children could interact with Korean children and enhance their understanding ability of Korean culture. In addition, we should strengthen Korean language education by selecting preliminary schools and providing Korean culture adaptation programs. Respecting their culture with a balanced education could help them to adapt properly to Korean society.

2. It is also important to educate Korean students to understand multicultural students. In particular, we should select multicultural schools, so that Korean students can respect and understand multiculturalism while living with multicultural students. In addition, it is necessary to increase counseling programs with parents of multicultural families who are relatively lacking information about the school and increase communication with their children. In addition, it is necessary to recognize the fact that both multiculturalism and Korean culture are one part of the culture. Rather than viewing dichotomously, we should coexist with them. Individuals should also have cultural relativism by improving their perception of multiculturalism.

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백수진/ In order to gain popularity with foreign fans, can we consider them as they are promoting Korean culture even their most of the lyrics are in English and they are centered on overseas tours and performances?

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백수진/ In order to gain popularity with foreign fans, can we consider them as they are promoting Korean culture even their most of the lyrics are in English and they are centered on overseas tours and performances?

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My opinion is, it is ok to promote Korea because we have to consider what is first and what is secondary. I think it is important to promote 'the image' of Korea, not a traditional culture first. People became interested in its history or specific details when they fall in love with something. Therefore, we need a strategy. We can make foreign fans with various performances and then we have to show how amazing the Korean culture is. More specifically, we need to show how beautiful hangeul is, how healthy our traditional food is, how precious our territory is. Then, people will willingly try to learn Korean and be fascinated to our traditional music, too.

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노현승/What is the unique culture of Korean adolescents?

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노현승/What is the unique culture of Korean adolescents?

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1.    Korean teenagers tend to wear similar clothes. In general, most teenagers often buy hoodies from sports brands such as Nike and Adidas. In winter, everyone tends to wear similar clothes, such as long padding. In addition, there are fashion that can only be seen at certain times by purchasing trendy clothes or fashion items at that time.
2. Korean adolescents form and use their own language culture. The most common language culture is a culture in which long words are abbreviated and shortening the length of words. In addition, using the characteristics of famous people, they make their names adjectives or create alien languages and other Hunminjeongeum to create a completely new language system.

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조민서: What is a way to overcome different cultural backgrounds and continue the diplomatic direction of Korea while promoting Korean culture to the world?

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조민서: What is a way to overcome different cultural backgrounds and continue the diplomatic direction of Korea while promoting Korean culture to the world?

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Recently, K-culture started in China in the late 1990s and is now extending beyond the United States to the world. The Korean Wave industry is globalizing not only in simple broadcasting and music, but also in all areas of culture such as performances, games, cartoons, fashion, beauty, food, advertising, and tourism. Just as the Korean Wave is called 'cultural democratization', the globalization of Korean culture was not implemented directly like a policy, but spread naturally through the public along with 'cultural democracy'. According to Naver's Korean Dictionary, cultural democracy is a system that allows socially vulnerable groups such as youth, the elderly, urban low-income families, the disabled, migrant workers, North Korean defectors, and rural residents to receive cultural benefits without difference. Or, it is called an ideology aimed at such a society. Meanwhile, while the Korean Wave is spreading, it conflicts with the culture, national sentiment, and government policies of each country, also called "reverse flow," and conflicts over the acceptance of the Korean Wave. If so, how can we overcome the "reverse current" and continue the Korean Wave in order to promote Korean culture to the world in the future? What is a way to overcome different cultural backgrounds and continue the diplomatic direction of Korea while promoting Korean culture to the world?

First of all, in order for the Korean Wave to go beyond simple public consumption and work with cultural diplomacy in Korea, it must move toward cultural exchange. For this, a deep understanding of the culture and emotions of the other country is needed. After fully understanding the cultural background of another country, it should not be recognized as cultural imperialism even when cultural exchanges proceed. Therefore, rather than proceeding with the government's policy or consciously cultural exchange, cultural diplomacy can be achieved by establishing an environment so that foreigners can naturally access Korean culture and providing correct information to foreigners interested in Korean culture.

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오주원: The cultural heritage looted in the imperial era must be returned?

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오주원: The cultural heritage looted in the imperial era must be returned?

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My opinion: First of all, in the case of looted cultural properties, it is correct to return them. I think it is appropriate to get it back because it originally contains the country's unique culture and literally stole it from me, not for justifiable reasons. But you have to give it back no matter what? I'm not sure about that. Even now, during the days of imperialism, the ruling countries do not return the cultural heritage of the controlled country. It seems to have the same meaning as the exclusive property of the warring country. I don't agree that it's natural to collaborate with each other and return it to the country when the country of the original cultural property requests it, but unconditionally.