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China is the most populous country in the world, located in East Asia. The area of ​​the territory is 9.6 million square meters, population - 1 339 million people. The capital is Beijing. Country type - a country with a planned economy. The state structure is a socialist republic, a unitary state.Relief China is a country with a large territory of mountain ranges. The total area of ​​mountain ranges is approximately 2/3 of the total area of ​​the country. Of these, mountainous regions account for about 33%, highlands - 26%, depressions - about 19%, plains - about 12%, hills - about 10%.The more famous rivers in China: Yangtze, Yellow He, Heilongjiang, Yalutsangpo, Zhujiang, Huihe, etc.The territory of China is located in three climatic zones: temperate, subtropical monsoon type, subequatorial.The area of ​​forests in China is small - 158.94 million hectares.

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China is the most populous country in the world, located in East Asia. The area of ​​the territory is 9.6 million square meters, population - 1 339 million people. The capital is Beijing. Country type - a country with a planned economy. The state structure is a socialist republic, a unitary state.Relief China is a country with a large territory of mountain ranges. The total area of ​​mountain ranges is approximately 2/3 of the total area of ​​the country. Of these, mountainous regions account for about 33%, highlands - 26%, depressions - about 19%, plains - about 12%, hills - about 10%.The more famous rivers in China: Yangtze, Yellow He, Heilongjiang, Yalutsangpo, Zhujiang, Huihe, etc.The territory of China is located in three climatic zones: temperate, subtropical monsoon type, subequatorial.The area of ​​forests in China is small - 158.94 million hectares.

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Chinese civilization originates in the Yellow River Valley. Irrigated agriculture is developing.

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1)The Xia Dynasty is the oldest dynasty and state in China. It existed during 2070 - 1600 BC. is.
2)The Shang dynasty is a dynasty and state in China that existed from 1600 to 1046 BC. Founded by Emperor Tang. Located in the lands north of the confluence of the Yellow River on the Great Plains of China. Shang is the first state entity, the reality of whose existence is confirmed not only by archaeological finds, but also by epigraphic written records.

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Dynasty and state in China, which existed in 1046－256 BC. Her reign was the longest in Chinese history. There was Eastern (Existence - about 770 - 256 BC) and Western Zhou (Existence - about 1000 - 770 BC)
Western Zhou - no opportunity to expand central power, strengthen vassals.
Eastern Zhou - a disorder in the country due to prolonged wars, the peasants rise.

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Dynasty and state in China, which existed in 221 BC. e. - 206 BC. Founded by the first Chinese emperor Shi Huang Di, who restored a single centralized state by annexing the existing six states: Han, Wei, Zhao, Chu, Yan and Qi, ending the so-called "Seven Kingdoms" period, which lasted almost 800 years. The emperor had the title - The first majestic ruler Qin. According to his orders, a centralized state began to develop, in which the rulers were officials, not the aristocracy. The country was divided into districts and counties. The reform provided for the unification of the measurement of weight, space, money, and writing. As a result, trade has been facilitated and regional disparities have been eliminated. The Han Dynasty replaced the Qin in 206 BC. is.

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The dynasty that ruled China after the fall of the Qin dynasty. This dynasty was ruled by emperors of the Liu family. Her reign lasted more than 400 years. The reign of the Han dynasty is divided into two major periods: the Early Han or the Western Han. It lasted for 206 BC. BC - 24 years. At that time, the capital of the dynasty was in the city of Chang'an. Late Han or Eastern Han. It lasted for 25 - 220 years. China was officially proclaimed a Confucian state. The country's economy had many gains in agriculture, handicrafts and trade. The population reached 55 million inhabitants. In order to assert itself and improve control over neighboring countries, the Han dynasty developed a China-centric system of bilateral relations. According to it, the neighboring rulers had to pay tribute to China and recognize the Chinese emperor as their suzerain, in exchange for which they received permission to trade with the Han and the label of vassal China ruler of their own country. The decline of the Han dynasty was associated with the decentralization of power, the decline of the institution of the emperor and economic turmoil. The latter caused a yellow bandage uprising that devastated northern China. As a result of the weakening of the dynasty, the country split into three kingdoms.

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Buddhism appeared in China under Emperor Mim Di of the Han Dynasty during the strengthening of ties between the western lands of China and Central Asia, where the first Buddhist monks and Buddhist books appeared. The second wave of Buddhism in China took place in the early V century. already in the form of Mahayana.