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Thomson proposed his atomic model to explain how atoms work looking at the Dalton's atomic theory.

The atoms are neutral, what means that the negative charge is compensated with the positive charge.

Thomson's atom can explain the electrification of matter and the ion formation.

An ion is formes whe an atom win ir lose electrons. If the atom win electrons, a negative ion or anión is fomed but if the atom lose electrons, a positive ion or catión is formed.

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The atom is  made of a solid sphere of positive charge with some electrons embedded.

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Bequerel discovered some substances that emits radiation by natural ways. This phenomenon was called radioactivity and can't be explained by Thomson's model.

In the Rutherford's atom the mayority of the space is empty.

The mass of the core is found in a little parte called atomic core. This atomic core has positive charge.

The electrons orbit around the core because the core is neutral.

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For the study of the atom, Rutherford bomb a gold foil with Alpha particles.
In results, the mayority of the particles cross the gold foil but some of them bounce on it.

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This atomic model was discovered by an experiment realized by Bohr to explain the energy emisions of the atoms.

In Bohr's atomic model the electrons rotate around the core in concret orbits.

Their electrons absorb and emit energy to pass to other orbits.

The energy levels are called with the leters K, for the level 1, L for the level 2, M for the level 3...

In each level they have to been a number of electrons determined.

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This atom has 2 electrons in the first level, 8 in the second level and 18 in the third level.

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Thomson: can't explain the theory of the radiation and it doesn't have orbits.

Rutherford: It has the electrons orbitating around the core stably and they have to be inestable, accordinc to Bohr's atom.

Bohr: the atoms colapse with the core and this brakes the theory