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Hannah Bailey (Evaluate the uses of fractions of crude oil. Include the positives & negatives of using fractions for fuel. Is using fractions for fuels th ebest thing to do?)

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Hannah Bailey (Evaluate the uses of fractions of crude oil. Include the positives & negatives of using fractions for fuel. Is using fractions for fuels th ebest thing to do?)

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Crude oil is a fossil fuel that is formed by dead sea creature fossils over millions of years. Crude oil is made up mostly of hydrocarbons and it has many uses. Crude oil is not at all usefull at first but after fractional distillation, it can be very useful. Crude oil can be used for petrol, bitumen (used to make roads), jet fuel, home heating oil and many more things. In the fraction tower the oil is heated to between 400 and 450 degrees celcius and lots of CO2 is released in this process.

Positives: There are many positives to using the fractions of crude oil which include heating and fuel. Using this oil id important because it is necessary for cars, roads and heatings and without it we would not be as advanced.

Negitives: There are many negitives to using this method. For example, fractional distillation releases and produces lots of carbon dioxide that is released into the environment. This is bad because it causes pollution.

In conclusion, because of the high demand, I believe that crude oil fractions are good to use to an extent because without it we wouldnt be advanced. I also think this because without it, altough it causes pollution and problems, the demand would still be higher than the supply.

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Crude oil is a fossil fuel found in in the sea, when extracted the oil can be burned and extract different hydrocarbon formulas that are used for different materials. Each of these materials have different bonds of hydrocarbons. these bondscan be seperated by cracking.

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alkanes have single bonds and they are saturated and alkenes have double bonds and are unsaturated

alkenes are hydrocarbons and alkanes are not

hydrocarbons,

when alkanes join together they create polymers and they form a long chain.

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The difference between an alkane and an alkene is that:

Alkanes have only single bonds between carbon atoms and are said to be saturated.
Alkenes: have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms and are unsaturated.

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Alkenes are hydrocarbons

that aren't saturated.

They have doublebonds,

they are shown as two lines
between two of the carbonatoms. This
double bond meansthat alkenes react

in ways that alkanes

cannot. They can react with oxygen
in the air, so one
of their uses is fuel. They can be
used to make ethano (alcohol)
and polymers (plastics).

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Polymers are made created when hydrocarbons react to form a long chain of molecules called a polymer.

Polyethene is used to make plastic bags and polypropene is used to make crates and ropes.

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Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, which have a double bonds. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons , which have a single bond.

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Plastic bags that are used in supermarkets can't decompse by bacteria, which means they're biodegradable. This means that they usually end up on landfill sites, and the landfill space will eventually run out, so the hole is covered in soil to prevent it smelling, then a new landfill site has to be found, which is really difficult.Waste plastic can be burnt, which releases heat energy which can generate electricity or heat buildings. You could recycle plastic, but it's difficult to do and very expensive because a plastic bag has normally has lots of different polymers in it. You can now use bags made out of corn starch, because it's biodegradable as the starch causes the breakdown of the bag when it gets wet.

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Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons and they have single bonds which bond their carbon atoms to their hydrogen atoms, their general formula is CnH2n+2. However Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, they are unstable and they will react with other compounds. Alkenes also have double bonds and their general formula is CnH2n

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Polymers are made from Alkenes (double  bond) when they react with other moleules to form a long chain. Monomers are single molecules of alkene, they join together during a chemical reaction called a condensation reaction to form a link. Two examples of polymers are polythene which is used to make plastic shopping bags and ploystyrene which is used in packaging.

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There are several arguments regarding the sustainability and social ethics of using polymers to make disposable plastic bags. Because they are made of polymers, they're strong, tough and flexible, which is ideal for use as a plastic bag. However, because we make disposable plastic bags we contribute massively to global warming as a result.

This is because, as previously stated, polymers and items constructed with polymers are very strong, thus are difficult to dispose of. Plastic bags often arrive at landfill sites, where they don't decompose because of their tough structure.

As an alternative to sending plastic bags to landfill, we are able to burn these used plastics to generate heat and therefore other types of energy. Plastic bags will have originated from crude oil, which is our main source of fuel (mainly petrol). Therefore, burning any plastic bags will waste a very large amount of energy which could have been used for cars and other processes. Energy is wasted because not all of the resultant energy from burning is easily used and is not attainable if it is not used.

We also use a very large amount of energy to even burn the plastics in the first place, and the initial process emits toxic gases if they're not burnt at a high enough temperature.

As an alternative, it would be much more economically, socially and environmentally beneficial if we were to use "bags for life", I.E. bag which NEVER break and can be used for an extremely long time. This would cut demands for polymers drastically, giving us access to a larger amount of a valuable resource and it would also cut down on carbon emissions and the need for landfill sites, overall decreasing our contributions to global warming.

Another option is to produce more bags made from cornstarch, which is obtained from maize. However, there are debates regarding whether this is ethical, or whether it isn't because we're using possible food for bags when others are starving in third world countries.

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Polymers are made by monomers joining together in a chemical reaction,

some examples of polymers are plastic shopping bag(used for carrying goods from a super market) or plastic bottle(ued to hold licquids).

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Alkenes are extremely useful because of the double bong that they have. they can then rect with other molecules to form long chains. These chains are called polymers. They can either be natural or synthetic. Natural polymers include: protein: DNA, Starch and cellulose. Synthetic polymers are chemically prepared.

Synthetic Polymers : useful in shopping bags. Such as polystyrene bags. Some people however do not dispose of these correctly so they cause litter, this endangers animals as well. Another example is polypropene, this is a strong material and is useful in making plastic crates because of it's strentgh

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Many plastic bags are non-biodegradable, meaning they can't decompse by bacteria and usually end up on landfill sites, eventually a new site will need to be found which is difficult. However, waste plastic can be burnt to release heat energy which can generate electricity or heat buildings. You could recycle plastic, but they normally contain lots of different polymers in, which is expensive and difficult to do. An alternative is now making bags out of cornstarch, which is biodegradable, because the starch causes the breakdown of the bag once wet, this causes small pieces which haven't rotted away but won't litter. The cornstarch has been taken from miaze to create the bags, but some people think it isn't ethical as some people in the world don't have enough to eat.

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Crude oil  is made of a mixture of hydrocarbons. Using the method of fractional distillation crude oil can be made into useful substances
however the it needs to be heated to a very high temperature and releases co2 which is harmful to the atmosphere. Useful things crude
oil can be made into are parrafin, bitumen (roads), kerosine and general petrol, although these substances have many uses things like the
petrol releases carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide which leads to acid rain and a damaged atmosphere so there are good and bad aspects
to this type of fuel. There are methods that are less harmful to the environment but may take a bit longer.:)

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Crude oil is a fossil fuel made up of dead sea creatures over millions of years. It is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons and is not much use a a single product. However, by using fractional distillation, you can seperate it into many different fractions that have more use as a final product than crude oil itself. Many of these materials produced through this process will have a higher value that the origonal oil.

however, to create these different, higher value fractions, you must first heat the crude oil to about 450 degrees celcius before it is sent into a tall tower, composed of may metal trays whch will catch the different fractions at their seperate cooling temperatures. Many different fractions of crude oil are of high use such as fuel for veichles, parafin, methane, naptha, petrol and diesel. Many of these fractions however, as well as the process they go through to be created, release an emense amount of CO2 into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

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Crude oil is a mixture of compounds called hydrocarbons. As it is a mixture, it means that the different hydrocarbon compounds are not chemically joined together. Crude oil is not very useful on its own but it can be separated into different fractions, using fractional distillation, making some useful products. However, it does have some consequences on the environment. To start with, you have to extract the crude oil from the ground, resulting in destroying habitats and having to drill deep under ground. Once you have the crude oil, it needs to be heated to about 450'C, releasing extra CO2 into the atmosphere. CO2 contributes to global warming and the greenhouse effect. The fractions that are produced can be very useful and are generally used to fuel (for ships for example) and diesel but they do get used up quickly. The fractions can also be used as bitumen (mainly for roads), plastics and paraffin. Also, fuel releases harmful chemicals into the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide an sulfur dioxide, all contributing to global warming, the greenhouse effect and acid rain. Using fractions can be useful but it does also have negative effects as well as positives.

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Synthetic polymers are produced by chemical reactions, called polymerizations. Polymerizations occur in varied forms such reactions consist of the repetitive chemical bonding of individual monomers. Assorted combinations of heat, pressure and catalysis alter the chemical bonds that hold monomers together, causing them to bond with one another. Most often, they do so in a linear fashion, creating chains of monomers called polymers.

Some polymerizations join entire monomers together, whereas others join only portions of monomers and create "leftover" materials, or by-products.Alkenes can be used to make polymers. Polymers are very large molecules made when many smaller molecules join together, end-to-end. The smaller molecules are calledmonomers.

Examples - polyethylene, which is found in such items as grocery bags, toys and bottles. Another example is - Polypropene this is used to make ropes and crates.

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Crude oil, a fossil fuel, is dug from the ground, it is not very useful at first but the fractions we can get from it can be used in a variety of ways, eg. Petrol, paraffin, bitumen (for roads and roofs) and plastic, and are much more valuable and useful. Fractions being used for fuel is good because the things they make are in high demand and are much more useful than just crude oil.

However we get these separate fractions by fractional distillation, for this process a furnace has to be heated to heat the crude oil, this produces co2 which is harmful to the environment and causes global warming. Also crude oil as a fuel is non renewable and if it leaks can damage the
environment.

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Alkanes and Alkenes are different because alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons whereas alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. As Alkanes are unsaturated carbons, this means that their carbon atoms are joined together by single covalent bonds. The hydrogen atomes in an alkane are always twice the number of carbon atoms plus two, their general formula is CnH2n+2. Alkenes being unsaturated carbons means that their carbon atoms joined together by one or more double bond. The number carbon atoms in an alkene is always double the number of carbon atoms. This means that their general formula is CnH2n..

To distinguish the difference between alkanes and alkenes, there is one simple test you can do,this is to put them in bromine water. If a alkane is present, the bromine water will stay orange, but if an alkene is present, the bromine water will turn clear, showing that the substance is an alkene.

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Crude oil is a fossil fuel. It is the decay of buried Dead Sea creatures, this process takes millions of years. We use this oil up very quickly. Crude oil contains many different hydrocarnbons. Crude oil is also a mixture so the compounds are not chemically joined together. Crude oil isn't mush use as it is but if you separate it into fractions, by fractional distillation, it is much more useful.bayou can get valuable materials and raw materials. However to separate these you have to heat the crude oil to 450 degrees centigrade befor it enters the fractionating column, this produces CO2 which is harmful to the environment and helps to contribute to global warming. Lots of useful things are produced, for example fuel oil (for ships and power stations), heating oil, diesel, paraffin, naphtha, petrol and methane. So using fractions is good however it does harm the environment, so in that sense it is a bad thing.

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A polymer is made when a chemical reaction called a condensation reaction

occurs between two monomers causing them to form a link. Two examples of this are polythene which we use for shopping bags and polystyrene which is used to insulate and protect fragile packages

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B grade

explain the differences between alkanes and alkenes. including their structure and uses

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A grade

Evaluate the use of plastic bags that are handed out at supermarkets. Are disposable plastic bags are good use of natural resources. What are the alternatives

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A grade.

Evaluate the uses of fractions of crude oil. Include the positives & negatives of using fractions for fuel. Is using fractions for fuels th ebest thing to do?

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B grade

Explain how polymers are made and give 2 examples of polymers and their uses

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B grade

Describe the method used to crack paraffin oil in the lab. Explain why it works and the reaction that occurs

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C grade. DESCRIBE fractional distillation and how it works to make different fractions