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The 2,400-year search for the atom - Theresa Doud

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Discoverers of the electron, proton and neutron:

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BOHR DIAGRAMS

Bohr stated that an atom consists of a small positively charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons surrounded by an electron cloud in which electrons are accommodated in shells.

* NB At Grade 9 level, the third shell is regarded as being provisionally full when it has 8 electrons.

A Bohr diagram is drawn as follows:

1. The nucleus is represented by a small circle in which the numbers of protons and neutrons are written.

2. The shells of the electron cloud are represented by concentric circles.

3. Electrons are represented by dots drawn on the circles representing shells.

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Atomic Structure And Electrons - Structure Of An Atom - What Are Atoms - Neutrons Protons Electrons

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How to find the Protons Neutrons and Electrons of an element on the Periodic table

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Bohr stated that an atom consists of a small positively charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons surrounded by an electron cloud in which electrons are accommodated in shells.

* NB At Grade 9 level, the third shell is regarded as being provisionally full when it has 8 electrons.

A Bohr diagram is drawn as follows:

1. The nucleus is represented by a small circle in which the numbers of protons and neutrons are written.

2. The shells of the electron cloud are represented by concentric circles.

3. Electrons are represented by dots drawn on the circles representing shells.

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Isotopes = atoms of an element that have the same number of protons, but differing numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

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Do a calculation using isotopes to determine the relative atomic mass of an element

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Do a calculation using isotopes to determine the relative atomic mass of an element

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Practice Problem: Isotopic Abundance and Atomic Mass

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A block of the periodic table is a set of chemical elements having their differentiating electrons predominately in the same type of atomic orbital. ... Each block is named after its characteristic orbital: s-block; p-block; d-block; and f-block

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REACTION WITH WATER:
You need to know the reactions i water and reactivity of:

Li

Na

K

Make sure to study the observations, results and reactions.
GROUP 1:
Examples - lithium, sodium and potassium.
Physical properties - All three:
1. are metals
2. are less dense than water and therefore float
3. are silvery and shiny when freshly cut
4. have low melting and boiling points

Chemical properties:
Alkali metals undergo similar chemical reactions because they have the same number of valence electrons.

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GCSE Science Revision - Alkali metal reactions

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Comparing the four halogens - Chemical elements: properties and reactions (2/8)

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Reacting Fluorine with Caesium - First Time on Camera

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Transition metal's reaction with water - comparison

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Transition metal's reaction with water - comparison

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Reactivity of Metals with water - Qualitative Lab

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Chemical Bonding - Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds

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COVALENT BOND

A bond that is formed by the overlapping of shells and the sharing of electrons (usually between non-metals).

IONIC BOND

A bond that is formed by electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions in a crystal lattice (usually between metal and non-metal).

METALLIC BONDING

A bond that is formed between positive cations and delocalised electrons in metal crystal structures

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Metals are made up of a "sea" of delocalised electrons surrounding positive kernels (cations).

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Types Of Chemical Bonds - What Are Chemical Bonds - Covalent Bonds And Ionic Bonds - What Are Ions

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GCSE Chemistry Revision "Ionic Bonding 1"

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S2.2.1 Describe how the covalent bond is formed via electron sharing [SL IB Chemistry]

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Intramolecular Bond:

is a bond which occurs between atoms within molecules.

Covalent bond:

is a bond which occurs due to sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two nonmetal atoms.

Non-polar covalent (pure covalent):

is an equal sharing of electrons.

Polar covalent:

is an unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming (as a result of electronegativity difference)

Ionic bond:

is a bond which occurs due to a transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction.

Metallic bonding:

is a bond between positive kernels and a sea of delocalised electrons.

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FORMATION OF SALTS

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How atoms bond - George Zaidan and Charles Morton

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ACAPELLA SCIENCE

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The Molecular Shape of You (Ed Sheeran Parody) | A Capella Science

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GCSE Science Revision Chemistry "Reaction of Metals with Oxygen"

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COVALENT BONDING

IONIC BONDING

METALLIC BONDING