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In the extract, Golding spotlights Ralph "blowing on the conch" indicating a symbolism of power  and need of respect. Bringing the boys together, Ra

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shown throughout "we're on an uninhabited island with no other people on it."
Sophie D
Sophie D
In the exposition of the extract, the writer focuses the attention on Ralph blowing the 'conch' which symbolises that it is an instrument of power to keep the boys in order. Whenever, Ralph blows the 'conch', the reader sees that this is a time where all the boys are brought together to work as one on the island. Golding crafts this scene in the exposition of the extract to convey to the reader that there is democracy and the boys have not yet devolved into a state of savagery.
However, as the extract progresses to the climax, there is a shift in focus to when the boys begin to realise that they are isolated on the microcosm when Ralph demonstrates to the pack that they are 'on an uninhabited island'. The boys soon realise that they have to step up in society and fulfill the adult duties themselves which could be quite daunting for each individual. After all the boys start to process the situation they are in, they sit down in the falling action of the extract and the boys begin to speak. The simple sentences which are crafted here for example: 
toby staley
toby staley
in the exposition of the extract, Golding focuses on Ralph's leadership and power because of the conch and his elected power. by blowing the conch he is able to call a meeting, showing that he himself does not have power rather the children see the conch and whoever holds it has this power. this interests the reader as they are intrigued to see how Ralph's power either grows or dissipates especially because the conch is so fragile. 
Later, Ralph and Jack begin to speak about the hunters and their purpose. in this Ralph's speaking he is very fluent using long complex sentences showing that he is smart and plans what he does. this makes him an incredible leader and a smart one as well. on the other hand Jack uses short and discontinued sentences, showing that he is impulsive and goes as it goes. this already presents him as w
Mr Rogerson
Mr Rogerson
Q3. How does the writer use 

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Fundamentally, during the exposition, Golding focuses on 'Ralph blowing the conch' : a signal  for the boys to crowd around for the meeting. This emphasis on the repeated idea of the 'conch or talisman signifies the law and order on the microcosm that the young boys have already created, therefore conveying the themes of democracy and justice. However, this is not the case as the author structures the text to convey repeated messages and hidden meanings within the text , perhaps foreshadowing the inevitable downfall of democracy on the 'monster' due to man innate thirst for power.

Golding uses lots of chopped up dialogue in the rising action of the piece. The fact that he does this helps highlight the lack of order on the island from the beginning as there is no control between the boys. there is no time to listen to each other as they are all talking at once, this suggests that there will be no hope for the boys to survive within the microcosm as there will always be the fight of authority, it is in human nature to fight for power due to our own societal hierarchy.

In the climax of the extract, the author decides shift the focus on the growing tension between the protagonist and antagonist: Ralph and Jack. We are introduced to the aggressive nature of jack through the use of the verb 'slammed' showing his violent outbursts when challenged or intimidated. Much like Locke's theory of surroundings , Jack have uncertain intentions towards others caused by the innate evil corrupting his mind even from a young age. Furthermore revealing how we are brought up this way through the people we know or our toxic surroundings that effect who we are.

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In the exposition of the extract, Golding places the focus on Ralph who is ‘blowing the conch’ in order to bring all of the boys in the microcosm together. The reader can clearly see that the instrument instils order and integrity in the remake of society, and it makes them reflect on how the moral compasses of the boys are still intact in this section of the novel and that they have not yet devolved into a state of anarchy. The fact that Ralph is adamant on keeping order and structure in the daily lives of the boys is important as this is carried out with his character throughout the rest of the novel and he is the rationality and ego of the island who believes that democracy is the way to lead.

In the climax of the extract, we see that reality begins to set in for the boys as they begin to realise that they have no adults there to help, it is just them on their own. By this point we can see the democratic side of leadership due to the focus in the ‘conch’ in the exposition, however the focus switches to Jack when he ‘slammed’ the knife into the tree. In this, the reader starts to wonder when the IDs of the boys will lead to dictatorship due to the irrational, harsh, and threatening actions being displayed as there are no consequences from adults in the microcosm. Therefore, the differences between Ralph and Jack are highlighted due to their juxtaposing believes on how to effectively keep the microcosm in order and rule to the best of their abilities.

In the denouement of the extract, Golding mentions that Ralph takes the conch once again. This adds a cyclical nature to the extract as it starts with Ralph and the conch and also ends with Ralph and the conch. Perhaps Golding is hinting at how Ralph is quite protective over order in society as when somebody else holds the conch, all he wants to do is to have it to himself to keep it safe.

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In the exposition of the extract, Golding shifts the main focus on to Ralph as he is shown to have the conch in his possession,' Ralph blowing the conch'. This symbolises that Ralph has most of the power on the island as he is shown to bring the boys together. This emphasises that the conch is the most important item on the island as it symbolises democracy and civilisation. The conch helps the boys maintain their civilisation and it is shown to keep the boys in contact with society. Furthermore, the boys are shown that they need a leader as they have always grown up supported by other people and they cannot survive on their own, therefore, the power is shifted between Ralph and Jack as they fight for who should be the leader off the island as they both believe in different leadership methods. Ralph is shown to be a strong believer in democracy as in the exposition he is shown to call a meeting with all the boys using the conch which emphasises his power. However, Jack is shown to be civilised in the exposition of the book but when the boys begin to taunt him this angers him and gives him an ambition so he can become the most powerful on the island, this would eventually lead to him becoming power-obsessed and challenging the democracy of the island.

Furthermore, as the extract develops there is shown to be a power shift where Ralph shares his power between the different roles in the group, one of the roles is the 'hunters' and this is ran by Jack. Ralph gave power to Jack which gave Jack control of a small group of the boys.

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Within the extract the writer focuses on "Ralph blowing the Conch", this action symbolises power as boys hear this sound and which then brings them all together. This emphasis is significant as the conch controls the power, and the order of the hierarchy on the microcosm which keeps civilisation going within the novel. In the exposition the first meeting is called by Ralph, which Ralph uses to his advantage to gain power from the conch. The conch teaches the boys about the microcosm and teaches them how to keep the civilisation on the Island despite what is going on so that the structure of the microcosm is similar to a society, one person has the power and people learn of them.

As the extract develops, another meeting is called which Ralph uses his power to assign certain people to different roles, these roles are put into place to maintain civilisation. One of the roles assigned is " the hunters " a group which is used to gather food for the rest of the boys and is run by Jack. This were the Conch loses some of its power and civilisation on the island fades away as the role Jack has been given, has given him a chance to take power from Ralph. This is were we see a democracy turn into a dictatorship. This is shown by the aggressive verbs, " snatched " and " slammed " which Jack uses to make the other boys feel uneasy and threatened as he is showing his innate evil.

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Throughout the extract, Golding chooses to use structure to gain the readers interest. An example of this would be at the exposition of the extract where he uses "blowing the conch" this action can show that Ralph is in power of conch and therefore has the ability to gain the attention of the boys. This can therefore show that like in a normal society, children listen to fake images which could truly mean nothing but when given context they become something that is cared for and important. This can therefore link to the idea of relation ships built out of nothing. Which can show to a leader that the boys have chosen to create a society and listen to each other. Although this therefore foreshadows the future of the boys who become more rabid and less human like, as they descend into a state of madness rather than humans and instead animalistic.

During the rising action the writer chooses to captivate the readers attention through the structural technique of through short sentences "we saw-" This can show that the boys have made an important discovery which can show the effect of the island on the boys. This is because they are interrupting each other which can show them to have become dehumanised, like dogs which bark one after another cutting the last one off. This can therefore show the power of the "monster" and how being isolated from those who guide us can cause huge effects, which can just take some time to work. Therefore showing that because of the isolation the boys suffer from, it will eventually lead to their downfall.

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In the extract, Golding spotlights Ralph "blowing on the conch" indicating a symbolism of power  and need of respect. Bringing the boys together, Ralph has all the control he wants which deflects Jack from the crowd which he does not like. This shows how unrealistic society can be and that they portray a fake image of power to youths so they will listen, when in reality, being a leader is a lot harder and brutal than the boys think. As shown throughout "we're on an uninhabited island with no other people on it." displaying their need for adults and irresponsibility. They now have a sense of realism  that they have to step up and act mature.
Golding crafts this scene in the exposition of the extract to convey that there will have to be a democracy within their group but have not yet decided who. Soon, as they don't know how to lead, each one of them will turn to savagery

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In the exposition of the extract, the writer focuses the attention on Ralph blowing the 'conch' which symbolises that it is an instrument of power to keep the boys in order. Whenever, Ralph blows the 'conch', the reader sees that this is a time where all the boys are brought together to work as one on the island. Golding crafts this scene in the exposition of the extract to convey to the reader that there is democracy and the boys have not yet devolved into a state of savagery.
However, as the extract progresses to the climax, there is a shift in focus to when the boys begin to realise that they are isolated on the microcosm when Ralph demonstrates to the pack that they are 'on an uninhabited island'. The boys soon realise that they have to step up in society and fulfill the adult duties themselves which could be quite daunting for each individual. After all the boys start to process the situation they are in, they sit down in the falling action of the extract and the boys begin to speak. The simple sentences which are crafted here suggest that the speech of each boy is being cut off which implies hat they aren't listening to one another which is a defect in the human condition. This fault and lack of order could be an overall catalyst which causes the 'pack' to regress psychologically as the novel progresses, into a state of savagery. In the denouement of the extract, 'Ralph took the conch' from Piggy's hands which ultimately foreshadows the eventual loss of power and democracy on the monster. This is because it is implies that the conch and whoever owns it is slipping away and becoming less significant to the boys.

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In the exposition of the extract, the writer focuses on  Ralph "blowing the conch" to gather all of the boys who are on the island. Golding purposely focuses on the conch and the power it has in controlling the boys on the island, Golding uses long sentences to show how the conch provides a sense of order and togetherness on the island and also symbolises the formation of structure on the island. The reader may view the image that Golding is creating as somewhat normal because it is mirroring the real world and symbolising leadership.
However as the extract develops the climax begins to reveal to the reader the aggression in civilisation which the writer uses to foreshadow the demise of the boys on the microcosm. The focus shifts from the "conch" to the "hunting" which is hinting to the devolution from civilised to animalistic, however the boys remain in the middle, they have morals but animalistic tendencies too. The repetition of "hunting" used by Jack contrasts to the repetition of the "conch" from Ralph, the writer is subtly increasing the tension and division by conveying the two different ideas - togetherness and aggression- which could be showing Golding's criticism of leadership, democracy and dictatorship.

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In the exposition of the extract Golding presents the idea and the focus on 'Ralph blowing the conch' which indicated how that one conch is the method in bringing everyone together, with one blow of that conch all the boys join together in an assembly. the 'conch' creates this atmosphere of civilisation and how there in law and order in civilisation and how when Ralph blows the conch he has full power to bring everyone together and he has the power to speak as he is the one holding onto the conch. This makes the reader reflect on civilisation and how a lot of the way we live involves law and order. Whether that is in school, or living life in general there are always rules and law in everything we do during our life.

In the rising action the focus changes to Ralph wanting to create rules and laws for the Island in order to keep everyone safe. There is a difference between Ralph and his leader ship style and Jack and his leadership style. Ralph is more about protecting each other, making laws like they would have during civilisation. Whereas Jack is more to do with killing animals in order to survive and we have enough food for everyone.

In the climax the focus changes from Ralphs leadership style to Jacks leadership style and that is more hunting and killing animals to survive. This is presented in 'army- for hunting' this emphasises how they are now discussing to create an army to hunt for food as that is priority.  This perhaps could foreshadow the build up of savagery throughout the novella and how when they started hunting for food they started having an ambition to kill and harm which removes them from civilisation. This makes the reader focus on the boys and how their actions may change throughout the novella. they are very new to the island as as the days go on they will be more an more connected to the island and removing themselves from civilisation which can perhaps reveal a sense of danger and harm.

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in the exposition of the extract, Golding focuses on Ralph's leadership and power because of the conch and his elected power. by blowing the conch he is able to call a meeting, showing that he himself does not have power rather the children see the conch and whoever holds it has this power. this interests the reader as they are intrigued to see how Ralph's power either grows or dissipates especially because the conch is so fragile.
Later, Ralph and Jack begin to speak about the hunters and their purpose. in this Ralph's speaking he is very fluent using long complex sentences showing that he is smart and plans what he does. this makes him an incredible leader and a smart one as well. on the other hand Jack uses short and discontinued sentences, showing that he is impulsive and goes as it goes. this already presents him as weaker than Ralph as he is more dangerous. this intrigues a reader as it is planning vs impulse and we are exited to see these two opposite ideologies pitted against each other.

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Q3. How does the writer use structure to interest the reader? (8 marks)

During the exposition of the extract starts of by focusing on 'Ralph blowing the conch' which emphasises how order is created on the island. The 'conch' is shown as a tool that helps create this order, and facade of civilisation. As the paragraph continue it becomes clear that this meeting is not as ordered as the first meeting and starts to foreshadow the eventual devolution of the boys.

As the rising action and the transition of the extract progresses we see the boys discuss how the island should be run and the need for hunters. We see the aggression of Jack through the use of the verb 'slammed' and we can see that this meeting seems to have an uneasy feeling. It is clear that Ralph needs to emphasise the importance of having the hunters, and therefore the importance of making Jack feel appreciated. The repetition of the presence of the 'conch' shows that the main thing creating order is the presence of this object that links back to civilisation. It becomes clear that there are different needs to consider at this meeting, and this foreshadows the eventual conflict that will come about.

The climax of the extract is where the boys realise that they might not be rescued, which starts to show that surviving on the island will gradually become more and more difficult. Piggy sitting down during the falling action, and Ralph possessing the 'conch' suggest that both of these characters feel that they are only just holding power together since the 'conch' creates an illusion of power, and that it will become gradually more and more difficult as the boys adapt to what they need to become to survive.