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Israel, from its brutal beginning to the process of peace. In the late 1800’s, the zionist movement attempted to achieve a Jewish country in Palestine. Although, the region was ruled by the Ottoman Turks and a majority of the people were Palesntinian Arabs. In 1917, the United Kingdom declared the Balfour declaration, which ensured that Britain would support the creation of Jewish Palestine. The Arabs did not want Palestine to become a Jewish country. Many Anti-Zioniost riots broke out. Larger battles escalated in 1947 when the United Nations created a plan in which they would separate Palestine into Jewish and Arab countries. The state of Israel was declared on May 14th, 1948. The surrounding countries immediately invaded. Their goal was to help Palestinian Arabs fight Israel. However, the complete opposite occurred, Israel captured further territory. This led to Israel taking control of three fourths of Palestine, twice as much as the United Nations suggested. This tension ended with the signing of cease-fire and agreements in 1949. The later attempts at peace did not follow through, President Richard Nixon of the United States came up with a convoluted cease fire plan that would require an exchange of territory for peace. Israel, Egypt, and Jordan accepted this plan in August 1970. Egypt soon violated the agreement. In 1977, U.S. President Jimmy Carter negotiated a peace settlement with Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat. The settlement was discussed and is known as the Camp David Accords. It ended the 30-year war between the two countries and established diplomatic relations so they could communicate regularly. Israel and the PLO signed agreements in 1993 and 1994. These agreements gave Palestinians self-rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank town of Jericho. Both sides agreed to work for permanent peace and Israeli and Palestinian leaders were awarded with the Noble Peace prize.

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Zionist movement sought to establish Jewish country in Palestine

Region ruled by Ottoman Turks

People living there = Palestinian Arabs

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Palestine was the Jewish homeland

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In 1917 Britain declared the Balfour declaration

British support for a national home for Jewish people

UK gained control over Palestine after WWI

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Anti-Zionist riots broke out

Due to Arabs not wanting Palestine to become a Jewish country

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More Jewish people settled in Palestine during the Nazi Holocaust

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Larger battles when the U.N. Offered a plan to separate Palestine into distinct Jewish and Arab countries

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Zionist leaders declared the State of Israel

Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon invaded

Wanted to help Palestinian Arabs take down Israel

Israel ended up capturing more territory - Palestinians had to flee the region

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Israel began to retaliate

Battled guerrillas

And Jordanian ad Egyptian army units

War ended with the signing of cease-fire and armistice agreements

No peace treaties

No Arab country agreed to recognize Israels existence

David Ben-Guiron was elected the country’s first prime minister

Hundred of Israeli citizens were killed by Arab Guerillas from Jordan and the Egyptian-run Gaza Strip

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Egypt blockaded the Strait of Tiran cutting Israel’s port on the Gulf of Aqaba

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Egypt’s government led by president Gamal Abdul Nasser took over the Suez Canal

Israeli troops invaded the Sinai Peninsula and they quizly advanced to the canal and captured the Gaza Strip

France and Britain sent in troops for Israel

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Israeli troops withdrew

Israel had access to the Gulf of Aqaba and kept in control of the Gaza Strip

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Israelis bombed Egyptian airfields and knocked out the country’s entire Air Force

Destroyed Jordanian, Syrian and Iraqi planes

Captured all of the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the Gowan Heights within six days

War was over by June 11

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Palestinian guerrillas launched small-scale attacks against Israel from Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon

U.N. Security council called for Israel to withdraw from the territories it occupied for peace

None of the countries fully accepted this

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Egypt began what became known as the “war of attrition” against Israel

Heavy casualties

Israel escalated the war

Also attacked by guerrillas from the Palestine Liberation Organization in Jordan

Attacks were often aimed at non military targets, Israel stated them as a terrorist organisation

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President Nixon came up with a complex cease-fire proposal

Needed an exchange of territory for peace

Accepted by Israel, Egypt and Jordan in August

Egypt violated the agreement

When Jordan accepted the cease-fire proposal it ignited savage fighting between the Jordanian army and the PLO

PLO kicked out of Jordan - went to Lebanon

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- Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur Egyptian and Syria launched a massive surprise attack

Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur Egyptian and Syria launched a massive surprise attack

Israel signed accords with Egypt and Syria - traded land for peace

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Palestinian guerrilla groups continued terror acts against Israeli citi

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- Israeli commandos rescued 103 hostage
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Kidnapped by pro-Palestinian guerrillas

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President Carter negotiated a peace settlement with Israeli Prime Minister and Egyptian President

Calle Camp David Accords

Ended 30-year war between the countries/established diplomatic relations so they could communicate regularly

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PLO rocket fire on Israeli settlements - lead Israel to conduct air strikes in Lebanon

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Israel completed the withdrawal from the Sinai peninsula

June

Attempt to destroy the PLO Israel starts bombing southern Lebanon and Beirut

Israel took control of two Palestinian refugee camps

Permitted the Christian militia to enter

Christians killed several hundred Palestinian and Lebanese civilians

Started worldwide protest

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Israel and Lebanon signed an agreement to end war

Israel still continued to occupy a “security zone” across the Lebanese border

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Israeli occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip in December

Children and teenagers often battled Israeli troops with rocks and stones

Hundreds of Palestinians were killed during the next few years

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U.S led a coalition of countries against Iraq in the Persian Gulf War to remove Iraq from Kuwait

Iraq fired missiles at Israeli targets

Israel did not join the conflict

- Act of Israeli restraint led to face-to-face negotiations in Spain between Israel and it's Arab neighbors

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Israel and the PLO signed agreements

Allowed Palestinians to self-rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank town of Jericho

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Rabin was assassinated by a Jewish extremist after attending a peace rally.