# data[].attributes.body
Introduction:

You need only one or two sentences describing the following:

The type of graph you are describing, the title of the graph, date of the graph and scale. You need not have all this information but you should report what you have.

Body:

What you need to do is to describe factually the graph. No specialized knowledge of your own is needed nor your opinion.

You don’t need to analyze the data, for example you need not give the reason for why figures are high or low. Sometimes, when there is more than one graph, there is relationship between the two, and you can bring in some comparison between them but going beyond this is not necessary.

Ending:

You need not write a long and analytical conclusion. The introduction and the ending should be more or less the same.

# data[].attributes.body
All graphs which show changes over time – whether they are line graphs or bar graphs or a table need this vocabulary. All line graphs are time graphs but all time graphs are not line graphs.

# data[].attributes.body
There are two ways of incorporating data

1. By using brackets - (.....) 2. By using – which +

• is
• makes up
• constitutes • accounts for

Example sentences

White is considerably more common than blue.

White (55%) is considerably more common than blue (20%).

White, which is 55%, is considerably more common than blue, which makes up 20%.

Red, which constitutes 28%, is almost twice as popular as blue, which is 13.8%.

The other colours, which constitute 8% are considerably less popular than blue(20%).

# data[].attributes.body
Comparative form – when comparing 2 things

• Than

In comparison with

As compared to

As compared to/with // Than - used when comparing things or people, especially when comparing numbers or amounts:

Example:

This year's profits are much higher as compared to (than) (in comparison with) last year's.

Mortality rates are lower for women as compared with (than) men.
as against/as opposed to conjunction used when you are comparing two figures or pieces of information, in order to show how they are different: Example:

The company achieved sales of $404 million, as against $310 million in the previous year.

One study predicted that 42% of female university graduates would remain single the rest of their lives, as opposed to just 5% of male graduates.

# data[].attributes.body
The knowledge of directions – north, east, south, west, northeast, southeast, northwest and southwest is very essential.

# data[].attributes.body
The first step in learning to write about a process diagram is to see where the process starts and ends. This is important information as it will help structure your writing. The obvious thing to do is to start at the beginning and carry on until you get to the end.
Some of the most useful vocabulary for describing a process is the language of sequencing. This means that you need to find language to say in what order each thing happens. The key here is variation. Try not to use “and then” “and then” all the time.
Here are some alternatives –
• The first
• The second
• The next
• A further
• Eventually
• This step involves
• After this stage is complete
• At the same time / Meanwhile
• Finally

# data[].attributes.body
When we describe an IELTS process, the focus is on the activities, NOT the person doing them. When this is the case, we use the passive voice, not the active.

This is a brief explanation of how to use the passive voice, but if you are new or unsure about using it, you should do some further study and practice.

Most sentences use this structure:

Subject + Verb + Object
(S) Reeta (V) makes (O) tea.

When we use the passive voice, we make the object (tea) the subject, and make the subject (Reeta) the object. We also add in the verb ‘to be’ and the past participle (or Verb 3).

(O) Tea (be + V3) is made (S) by Reeta.

So throughout most of your description for your IELTS process diagram, you should be using

# data[].attributes.body
Paragraph 1 - Introduction

Sentence 1 - Background statement

Sentence 2 - Detailed background statement

Sentence 3 - Thesis

Sentence 4 - Outline sentence

Paragraph 2 - First supporting paragraph

Sentence 1 - Topic sentence

Sentence 2 - Example

Sentence 3 - Discussion

Sentence 4 - Conclusion

Paragraph 3 - Second supporting paragraph

Sentence 1 - Topic sentence

Sentence 2 - Example

Sentence 3 - Discussion

Sentence 4 -Conclusion

Paragraph 4 - Conclusion

Sentence 1 - Summary

Sentence 2 - Restatement of thesis

Sentence 3- Prediction or recommendation

# data[].attributes.headline
 Violence among young people has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. This rise moves in tandem with the growth in violent media. Thus, the conclusion can be drawn that violent media is the main cause of violence among young people. Do you agree or disagree?

# data[].attributes.subject
 Violence among young people has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. This rise moves in tandem with the growth in violent media. Thus, the conclusion can be drawn that violent media is the main cause of violence among young people. Do you agree or disagree?

# data[].attributes.body
It is important that you know how to use the common expressions of time.

Here are the common ones:

In:

1. In 2000

2. In the 20th century

3. In the first ten years...

For:

1. For the first six months...

2. For twenty years...

During:

1. During the first six months...

2. During the first half of this century...

3. During the remainder of the year...

From–to

1. From September to November...

2. From 2000 to 2005...

between —and:

a. Between 1960 and 1970...

• Stood at / started at / finished at
Note that you can refer to a decade as the 1980s etc. There is no apostrophe before the s.

# data[].attributes.headline
 In achieving personal happiness, our relationships with other people (family, friends, colleagues) are more important than anything else. Issues such as work and wealth take second place. Argue in support of this claim.

# data[].attributes.subject
 In achieving personal happiness, our relationships with other people (family, friends, colleagues) are more important than anything else. Issues such as work and wealth take second place. Argue in support of this claim.

# data[].attributes.body
Introduction: The increasing pressures of today's money driven world can often cause people to gravitate toward material items. But personal happiness can never be achieved through such things as work, success and wealth. Although these things may be nice 'extras', it is argued that healthy relationships with family, friends and colleagues are the true secrets to personal happiness. This will be shown be analyzing the often lonely lives of many wealthy celebrities as well as the advice of older people who speak from experience.
Conclusion:
As seen above, wealth can not buy true happiness and everyone comes to this realization in their old age. It is true, family, friends and colleagues and the relationships formed with them are what creates happiness. Thus, the more love you give, the more you get!

# data[].attributes.headline
Write introduction, first body paragraph and conclusion.   In some cultures, children must follow very strict rules of behaviour while in others they are allowed to do almost anything they want. Technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in the world today. Given time, technology will completely replace the teacher in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? (Second body paragraph is your variant of body paragraph 2)

# data[].attributes.subject
Write introduction, first body paragraph and conclusion.   In some cultures, children must follow very strict rules of behaviour while in others they are allowed to do almost anything they want. Technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in the world today. Given time, technology will completely replace the teacher in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? (Second body paragraph is your variant of body paragraph 2)

# data[].attributes.body
Secondly, kids need motivation to learn something well, and robotic teacher could not succeed with this task. For instance, the real teacher requiring the homework in concrete time and will be straight. While the robotic teacher would have a function of the second chance, so the students may use it and do not do the tasks in time. The technology always will have something that can not outperform the human’s abilities. Anyway, children are needed in a discipline which the real teachers are give.

# data[].attributes.headline
 Hometask Public transportation is a great way to travel, particularly within a metropolis. The Shanghai metro is the most convenient way to get around the city. Do you agree or disagree?

# data[].attributes.subject
 Hometask Public transportation is a great way to travel, particularly within a metropolis. The Shanghai metro is the most convenient way to get around the city. Do you agree or disagree?

# data[].attributes.headline
 The age of information technology has taken a lot of people by surprise. While it has become a way of life for some, others know very little about it. Eventually we will have a polarised society and this will lead to serious social problems. Form an opinion based on the info above and write a well-reasoned essay.

# data[].attributes.subject
 The age of information technology has taken a lot of people by surprise. While it has become a way of life for some, others know very little about it. Eventually we will have a polarised society and this will lead to serious social problems. Form an opinion based on the info above and write a well-reasoned essay.

# data[].attributes.headline
WT1. Essay No. 2. The chart below shows the percentage of whole world population in four countries from 1950 to 2000, with projections till 2050. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

# data[].attributes.subject
WT1. Essay No. 2. The chart below shows the percentage of whole world population in four countries from 1950 to 2000, with projections till 2050. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

# data[].attributes.body
The column graph compares the changes in the proportion of population in India, China, the USA and Japan in 1950 and 2000, and also indicates the projections for 2050. It is clear from the graph that China had the highest percentage of world population in 1950 and 2000, but estimates show that India will take the lead by 2050.

In 1950, China accounted for a little over a quarter of the world’s population. Although it decreased to a little under a quarter, it was still the highest in 2000, compared to the other three countries. It is estimated that the population of China will continue to drop and would reach approximately19% by 2050.

India showed an opposing trend to China. The population in India in 1950 was 15%, which was considerably lower than that of China. However, the population increased moderately to 19% by 2000 and is further expected to grow and reach nearly 20%, which would be the highest among the given countries by 2050.

When it comes to the population of the USA and Japan, both showed a decrease from 1950 to 2000. It is predicted that the percentage will remain the same in the USA, whereas in Japan, the population is likely to keep falling till 2050.

Overall, Japan had the least population in the given period, and the population is expected to decrease to approximately 3% by 2050.

# data[].attributes.body
In the future, nobody will buy printed newspapers or books because they will be able to read everything they want online without paying.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

# data[].attributes.body
In some countries, owning a home rather than renting one is very important for people.
Why might this be the case?
Do you think this is a positive or negative situation?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

# data[].attributes.body
Some people say that advertising is extremely successful at persuading us to buy things. Other people think that advertising is so common that we no longer pay attention to it.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

# data[].attributes.headline
2 Complete these sentences using an appropriate word or phrase from above and your own ideas.

# data[].attributes.subject
2 Complete these sentences using an appropriate word or phrase from above and your own ideas.

# data[].attributes.body
1. British universities will accept students from abroad ......................................................................................................................................... .

2. Working for a large company can be a fulfilling experience ......................................................................................................................................... .

3. The environmental situation will continue to worsen ......................................................................................................................................... .

4. Travelling helps you understand more about the world around you .........................................................................................................................

# data[].attributes.body
Confusing words are two or more words which:
(a) have a similar meaning to each other but which are used in a different

way

or

(b) are related to the same topic, but have a different meaning

or

(c) look similar, but have a different meaning.

False friends are words in English which have a similar-looking word in another language, but which have a different meaning.

Complete the following sentence pairs with the appropriate word.

1. aboard / abroad

More and more people go abroad for their holiday.
In 2002, she became the first woman to travel aboard the space shuttle Discovery.

2. action / activity

We decided to take immediate ................. when we realised there was a problem.
The environmental changes in the area are the result of human ................. .

3. advice / advise

Can you ................. me on the best course of action to take? He offered me some excellent ................. .

4. affect / effect

Diverting the course of the river will have a major ................. on the local ecosystem.
Frequent traffic jams in the suburbs seriously ................. journey times into the city.

5. appreciable / appreciative

Widening the road made an ................. difference to the flow of traffic. The applause at the end of the concert was warm and ................. .

6. avoid/prevent

Rapid international action managed to ................. an environmental disaster from taking place.
There are areas in the city that are wise to ................. after dark.

7. beside / besides

The company’s main office is ................. the railway station. ................. their regular daytime job, many people do extra work in the evening.

8. briefly /shortly

................. before the earthquake began, many animals were seen to be behaving in an unusual manner.
She spoke ................. but passionately about the need to help those in developing countries.

# data[].attributes.body
9. canal / channel

A ................. system joined the two main rivers, which made transporting goods much quicker.
When television first became popular in the early 1950s, there was only one .

10. conscientious / conscious
Most people are ................. of the need to protect the environment.

................. workers should be rewarded for their hard work.

11. considerable / considerate
In my opinion, some people are not very ................. of those around them.

A ................. amount of money was spent on developing the product.
12. continual / continuous
The computer system has given us ................. problems ever since we installed it. Some days it works, other days it doesn’t.
The ................. noise from the new motorway has forced many people to move.

13. control / inspect

New teachers often find it difficult to ................. their classes. Environmental health inspectors regularly ................. commercial kitchens for cleanliness, especially those in restaurants.

14. criticism / objection

I have no ................. to people using their mobile phones on buses or trains. Plans for the new stadium have attracted fierce ................. from local people.

15. damage / harm / injury

He suffered a serious ................. which needed immediate hospital treatment.
The low levels of dangerous chemicals in the river were enough to cause ................. to aquatic life.

A lot of ................. was caused to buildings along the coast during the storm.

16. during / for / while
The college closes ................. two weeks at the end of December.

He died ................. trying to cross the desert alone.

Many creatures stay underground ................. daylight hours.

17. however / moreover

The plan was good in theory. ................., in practice it was extremely difficult to implement.
The plan was excellent. ................., it was clear from the beginning that it was going to attract a lot of interest.

18. injured / wounded

I believe that we should do more to help and support soldiers who have been ................. in combat.

Several workers were ................. when the drilling platform collapsed.

# data[].attributes.body
In some cultures, children are often told that they can achieve anything if they try hard enough.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving children this message?

# data[].attributes.body
The given column graph illustrates the percentage of adults of different age groups using the Internet between 2003 and 2006, in the Great Britain. The over 65s had the least percentage of Internet users.

The main users of the Internet were young adults aged between 16 and 24 years. In 2003 and 2004, they shared the same percentage, which was 80%. In 2005, this figure increased significantly to 100%, but decreased slightly to 90% in the next year.

We can see from the chart that all the age groups experienced an upward trend as far as their daily use of the Internet is concerned. In the 25-44 group, there was a gradual growth in the percentage, from 50% to 80%, between 2003 and 2006. There were similar increases for the 45 to 54 year olds, rising from 60% in 2003 to 80% in 2006. As for the other two groups, although the percentages had minor fluctuation, the overall trend was upwards.

Overall, adults between 16 and 44 showed the greatest usage of the Internet and the users grew with time regardless of their age.