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Tips for enriching the curriculum with a student centered curriculum.

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Tips for enriching the curriculum with a student centered curriculum.

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Study each child’s cumulative record.

Compare achievement scores with ability indices.

Examine a pupil’s creative output for frequently used words, symbols, and topics.

Provide a choice of activities.

Help individual pupils learn as much as possible about their values, attitudes, purposes, skills, interests, and abilities.

Encourage students to reflect on their beliefs and values.

Together with pupils, analyze their interpretations of their in-class and out-of-class experiences.

Organize class activities around individual or group study of problems important to the individuals involved.

Clarify a situation’s limitations (in time, materials, and resources) with pupils.

Ask each pupil to formulate a plan of work.

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This video describes the hidden curriculum. What other unintended outcomes can you think of that are borne from the schooling process?

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Here's a movie I made for our technology class. This was a fun project.

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Major Philosophies that Influenced U.S. Education & Curriculum

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Major Philosophies that Influenced U.S. Education & Curriculum

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Traditional

Idealism - Knowledge-based; subject-based; classics or liberal arts; hierarchy of subjects: philosophy, theology, and mathematics are most important

Realism - Knowledge-based; subject-based; arts and sciences; hierarchy of subjects: humanistic and scientific subjects

Contemporary

Existentialism - Choices in subject matter, electives; emotional, aesthetic, and philosophical subjects

Pragmatism -  No permanent knowledge or subjects; appropriate experiences that transmit culture and prepare individuals for change; problem-solving activities

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Theory & Practice: Curriculum tips for translating theory into practice.

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Theory & Practice: Curriculum tips for translating theory into practice.

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1. Read the literature.

2. Identify the major terms.

3. Check the soundness of existing theories.

4. Avoid fads.

5. Align theory with practice.

6. Test theory.

7. Interpret theory.

8. Modify theory; reduce its complexity.

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Four Educational Philosophies & Curriculum Focus

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Four Educational Philosophies & Curriculum Focus

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Perennialism - classical subjects; literary analysis; constant curriculum

Essentialism - essential skills (three R’s) and essential subjects (English, science, history, math, and foreign languages)

Progressivism - based on students’ interests; addresses human problems and affairs; interdisciplinary subject matter; activities and projects

Reconstructionism - emphasis on social sciences and social research methods; examination of social, economic, and political problems; focus on the present and future trends as well as on national and international issues

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This video describes the difference between curriculum and standards. What is the major misconception that parents, students, and even teachers have about standards? How will you clarify this to them?

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What's The Difference? Standards VS Curriculum

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What are the six curriculum approaches?

Behavioral Approach- based on a blueprint with procedural steps, goals, and objectives.

Managerial Approach - manager sets policies, direction, planning, and organization of curriculum.

Systems Approach - the parts of the total school district or school are examined in terms of how they relate to each other.

Academic Approach - is subject driven and attempts to examine and produce chief positions, trends, and concepts on a historical and philosophical level

Humanistic Approach - considers the whole child and believes that the individual's total development is the prime consideration in the curriculum.

Postmodern Approach - considers education’s larger ideological issues, interested in curricula’s interactions with political, economic, social, moral, and artistic forces.

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Enduring Contributions by 19th Century Educators

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Enduring Contributions by 19th Century Educators

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Pestalozzi - laid the basis for the modern elementary school and helped to reform elementary-school practice.

Froebel - focused on the 3- and 4-year-old children and believed that their schooling should be organized around play and individual and group interests and activities.

Herbart - known for his contributions to moral development in education and his creation of a methodology of instruction designed to establish a highly structured teaching model.

Spencer - based his ideas of education on Charles Darwin’s theory of biological evolution and subsequently introduced the notion of “survival of the fittest.”

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Historical Foundations of Curriculum
The Timeline
The Colonial Period:
1642- 1776
The National Period:
1776 - 1850
The Rise of Universal Education:
1820-1900
The Transitional Period: 1893-1918
The Birth of the Field of Curriculum:
1918-1949

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What are a curriculum worker’s responsibilities?

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What are a curriculum worker’s responsibilities?

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1. Develop technical methods and tools to carry out curriculum planning in the school (school district or state agency).

2. Blend theory building with practice; obtain curriculum knowledge and apply it in the real world of classrooms and schools.

3. Agree on what is involved in curriculum development and design, including the relationships among the curriculum’s elements.

4. Agree on and align the relationships among curriculum, standards (and other mandates), instruction, and supervision, including their interdependencies. This is particularly essential when working with newer standards like the Common Core.

5. Be a change agent who considers schools within the context of society. Balance the demands and views of the local community with state and national goals and interests.

6. Create a mission or goal statement to provide direction and focus behavior within the

7. Be open to new curriculum trends and thoughts. Examine various proposals and suggest modifications. Do not fall victim to fads or particular pressure groups.

8. Confer with parental, community, and professional groups. Develop skills in human relations and in working with individuals and groups.

9. Encourage colleagues and other professionals to solve professional problems. Innovate; become familiar with and use new programs and ideas.

10. Develop a program for continuous curriculum development,implementation,and evaluation.

11. Balance different subject areas and grade levels, and integrate them into the total curriculum. Pay close attention to scope and sequence by subject and grade level.

12. Understand current research in teaching and learning, as well as new programs relevant to target students.

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Hunkins, F. P., & Ornstein, A. C. (2017). Curriculum: foundations, principles, and issues (7th ed.). Allyn and Bacon.

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What is curriculum?

A plan to for achieving goals.

Deals with learner experiences.

A field of study with its own foundations, knowledge domains, research, theory, principles, and specialists.

Defined in terms of subject matter (math, science, English, history) or content.

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Think about how you grew up learning. Did you mostly learn inside the classroom? Listen to lectures? Perhaps used websites to help write book reports? Watch this video on 21st century learning and think how it differs from the way you grew up.

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Rethinking Learning: The 21st Century Learner | MacArthur Foundation