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Any person killed immediately or dying within 30 days as a result of a road injury accident. Note: Suicides involving the use of a road motor vehicle are excluded. 

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Any person killed immediately or dying within 30 days as a result of a road injury accident. Note: Suicides involving the use of a road motor vehicle are excluded. 

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3561885/

https://scienceimpact.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/Abdelfatah_0.pdf

http://journal.usm.my/journal/MJMS-10-2-031.pdf

https://www.thestar.com.my/news/focus/2020/12/06/road-deaths-and-accidents-drop-by-over-30

https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/health/2019/05/14/we-have-the-third-highest-death-rate-from-road-accidents/

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.552.4777&rep=rep1&type=pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332673038_Road_Traffic_Accident_in_Malaysia_Trends_Selected_Underlying_Determinants_and_Status_Intervention

https://scienceimpact.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/Abdelfatah_0.pdf

https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/health/2019/05/14/we-have-the-third-highest-death-rate-from-road-accidents/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332673038_Road_Traffic_Accident_in_Malaysia_Trends_Selected_Underlying_Determinants_and_Status_Intervention

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814055268

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ENCOURAGE MORE PEOPLE TO USE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

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ENCOURAGE MORE PEOPLE TO USE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

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STRENGTHEN ROAD SAFETY LEGISLATION AND DESIGN MEASURES

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STRENGTHEN ROAD SAFETY LEGISLATION AND DESIGN MEASURES

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IMPLEMENT NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION

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IMPLEMENT NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION

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Why isn't this the best solution?

Automated enforcement shows lack of empathy and reduce human labour and then lead to possible structural unemployment.

Low user acceptance of new technologies in Malaysia.

Automation requires high cost to develop and implement the advanced technology.

High maintenance cost

Over-relying on the use of electronic devices causing a surge of carbon footprint

Automation produces E-waste which possesses carcinogenic and toxic potential that might cause serious impact on human and environment

Recycling of E-waste is still questionable.

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Why isn't this the best solution?

Enforcing traffic laws alone is not effective.

Street design measures may be hard to be applied as more time and workforce are needed to be approved to reconstruct roads, and more funds from the government are needed.

Lack of discipline and awareness from road users

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Why isn't this the best solution?

Depending on methods of education, different perspectives can be fulfilled.

Talks and campaigns may not fulfil humanistic and environmental friendly aspects: lack of interest from students and public as the contents are almost similar most of the time and require large areas for talks.

Advertisements, billboards may approach to public at first but the effects would not be long-lasting.

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Driver Inexperience/ Lack of Driver Training

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Driver Inexperience/ Lack of Driver Training

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Environmental Friendly

Improve fuel efficiency

Reduce air pollution

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Technologically and Economically feasible

No huge technological gap between possible improvements to be made. These improvements are realistic and achievable by Malaysia’s current technological standards.

High return as transit agencies and organizations employ many people and create more job opportunities .

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Humanistic Perspective

More reliable system: better coverage at an affordable price

Provide an alternative option for road users instead of relying on private vehicles

Helps in reducing road density and improving road congestion due to high car ownership, thus decrease the risk of road accident

Decreases the number of accidents caused by distracted driving (fatigue, driving under influence, inexperienced drivers)

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Data and Statistics

The number of fatalities within the five years (2013-2017) in Selangor recorded a very high number which is 4882 number of deaths while the number of fatal accidents occurring in  Perlis was the lowest which is  302. The main cause  of  this significant  difference is the  population density in the state. Selangor is the state with the highest population density of 5.46 million while Perlis has a total population of 0.23 million. (Khairul et al., 2018)

What should be done?

Improve public transport system infrastructure and services

Offer discounted tickets at certain time (reduce road congestion at early evening)
Data and statistics: More than 38% of the daytime accidents occur between 4 and 10 p.m., with the highest percentage (14%) occurring between 6 and 8 p.m. which is one of the busiest time on the roads. (Abdelfatah, 2016)

Increase the availability of public transport

Benefits?

Humanistic perspective: Provide freedom for people that are unable to drive to go anywhere. Tickets for public transit such as bus, LRT etc. are affordable by the general public, with occasional government incentives.

Technologically and economically feasible: Yes, no huge technological gap between possible improvements to be made, high return as transit agencies and organizations employ many people and create many private-sector jobs.

Environmental friendly: Yes, lessen gas use and reduces pollution (less fuel burned = better air quality)

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Strengthen Road Safety Legislation and Design Measures 

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Strengthen Road Safety Legislation and Design Measures 

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Implement National Road Safety Education

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Implement National Road Safety Education

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Data and Statistics

The most commonly reported causes of accidents in Malaysia are ‘Dangerous Turning’ (28.8%), ‘Speeding’ (16.1%) and ‘Other offenses’ (15.8%). (Abdelfatah, 2016)
Example?

Automated vehicle

Automated traffic control system

Intelligent transportation system

Automated speed enforcement (speed and red light cameras)

Benefits?

Humanistic perspective: Lessen the burden of law enforcement officers. improve safety and remove risk of human error.

Technologically and economically feasible: N/A

Environmental friendly: N/A

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Data and Statistics

The most commonly reported causes of accidents in Malaysia are ‘Dangerous Turning’ (28.8%), ‘Speeding’ (16.1%) and ‘Other offenses’ (15.8%). (Abdelfatah, 2016)

DESIGN SMARTER STREETS
Example?

Build more traffic circles(roundabouts), speed humps(vertical control), and narrower roads

Why?

To reduce the occurrence of speeding, encourage higher safety compliance

IMPLEMENT STRICTER TRAFFIC LAWS
How?

Through tougher penalties :- reinforce fine collection systems for speeding offenses and violation of traffic rules

Increase the age of acquiring driving license and implement of stricter driving test
Data and statistics: Approximately 35% of the motorcycle drivers don’t have appropriate drivers' license. (Abdelfatah, 2016)

Data and statistics: A study of motorcycle fatalities reported that the majority were riders (89%), aged 16 to 20 years (22.5%), and 90% of the motorcycles were privately owned. Only 75% of the motorcyclists involved wore helmets. (Lum, 2019)

Benefits?

Humanistic perspective: Improve public safety

Technologically and economically feasible: N/A

Environmental friendly: N/A

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Data and Statistics

The majority of fatalities (52%) occur among the 16-30 age group, suggesting that motorcycle fatalities are often due to driver inexperience. (Abdelfatah, 2016)

What should be done?

Improve awareness and educate drivers and motorcyclists about the traffic and safety regulations

Conduct mass media campaigns (via TV, radio, billboard advertisements on roads)

The best target group of people to implement road safety awareness and why?:

High school and university students (age group of 18-25)
Why?
Introducing awareness to build their competencies as early as possible
Benefits?

Humanistic perspective: Improve road user education

Technologically and economically feasible: Economical to hold talks in schools, universities, and advertising on billboards

Environmental friendly: N/A

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Encourage More People to use Public Transportation

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Encourage More People to use Public Transportation