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Being the strong one, although most suicides are men

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Being the strong one, although most suicides are men

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you should be able to look sexy for other people( even though you cant control other people thoughts)

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you should be able to look sexy for other people( even though you cant control other people thoughts)

# data[].attributes.headline
you should be able to look sexy for other people( even though you cant control other people thoughts)

# data[].attributes.subject
you should be able to look sexy for other people( even though you cant control other people thoughts)

# data[].attributes.body
Long hair

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Short hair

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Superior

big black d

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Should be dominated

Men should be saying what to do

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Homewife

# data[].attributes.body
Should be at home

# data[].attributes.body
Being a slut if you wear short clothes!!!.

# data[].attributes.body
Should not be working

# data[].attributes.body
Female Hobbys like riding horses or dancing

# data[].attributes.body
Caregiver for the children

# data[].attributes.body
Dumb (especially If their blonde)

# data[].attributes.body
Color pink

Wearing dresses and skirts

Always wanting drama

Always crying

Always being shaved

Useless in working

# data[].attributes.body
alpha

Don’t respect women

shit on lil kids

# data[].attributes.body
Care for children

# data[].attributes.body
Work in the kitchen

# data[].attributes.body
Clean Home

Always cry

# data[].attributes.body
Boys don’t cry (the Cure reference)

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„The Danger of the #MeToo Movement“ - Heather Mac Donald

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„The Danger of the #MeToo Movement“ - Heather Mac Donald

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Watch the speech given by Heather MacDonald and take notes on her arguments.
Afterwards, present you own personal view on the #Metoo movement by weighing arguments for and against it in a will-structured comment. Upload your comment to the „Dateiablage“ on Lo-Net.

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"The Danger of the #MeToo Movement" - Heather Mac Donald

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Watch the Video provided below and take notes on the #metoo movement and the situation of women as presented here.

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#Metoo: how it's changing the world | The Economist

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Watch the episode and take notes. After watching, write a detailed comment on the subject into your exercise Book.

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Explained | Why Women Are Paid Less | FULL EPISODE | Netflix

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Read through the infographic and complete your notes on the UN report.

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Women are entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of all of their human rights and to be free from all forms of discrimination. Yet, discrimination against women persists in many areas, directly and indirectly, through laws and policies, social norms and practices and gender-based stereotypes. Gender equality before the law does not necessarily mean that women in practice have equal opportunities. This infographic takes a closer look at the various forms of discrimination women face.

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Women are entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of all of their human rights and to be free from all forms of discrimination. Yet, discrimination against women persists in many areas, directly and indirectly, through laws and policies, social norms and practices and gender-based stereotypes.

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Read the report and take notes on the situation of women worldwide.

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Read the article from a women‘s magazine from 1955. Based on that Information, define a woman‘s role in the middle of the 20th century.

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Please read all the pages (1-7) and take notes on
a) the role of women in the 19th century
b) the central figures in the fight
c) the important steps of the campaign
d) its significance and consequences.

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Although there had been some advances in women's rights, women were not equal to men in the 19th century. In particular, they did not have the vote in Parliamentary elections.

Campaign groups

In 1897, Millicent Fawcett organised the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS - the Suffragists) to campaign peacefully for the vote.

In 1903, the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU - the Suffragettes) was formed, led by Emmeline Pankhurst. The Suffragettes used violent protest, famously breaking windows and chaining themselves to railings.

Another group campaigning for the vote was the East London Federation of Suffragettes (1913), under Sylvia Pankhurst.

Despite all the campaign efforts, women had won the vote by 1914:

Parliament rejected every bill to give women the vote. Male members held strong views about the weakness of women.

The Women's National Anti-Suffrage League (1908) campaigned votes for women.

When the First World War broke out, the Suffragettes and Suffragists stopped most of their campaign.

However all this started to change after the First World War. During the war women contributed greatly to the war effort and kept the country going while the men were away. In 1918, the government passed the Representation of the People Act giving the vote to all men over the age of 21 and women over the age of 30 who were householders or married to a householder.

The campaign for women's suffrage finally succeeded in 1928, when women were granted exactly the same voting rights as men.

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A summary of the campaign for women's suffrage - The campaign for women's suffrage - KS3 History Revision - BBC Bitesize

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Although there had been some advances in women's rights, women were not equal to men in the 19th century. In particular, they did not have the vote in Parliamentary elections. In 1897, Millicent Fawcett organised the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS - the Suffragists) to campaign peacefully for the vote.

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When I meet the cognitive neuroscientist Gina Rippon, she tells me one anecdote that helps demonstrate just how early children can be exposed to gender stereotypes.

It was the birth of her second daughter, on 11 June 1986 - the night that Gary Lineker scored a hat trick against Poland in the men's Football World Cup. There were nine babies born in the ward that day, Rippon recalls. Eight of them were called Gary.

She remembers chatting to one of the other mums when they heard a loud din approaching. It was a nurse bringing their two screaming babies. The nurse handed her neighbour a "blue-wrapped Gary" with approval - he had "a cracking pair of lungs". Rippon's own daughter (making exactly the same sound) was passed over with an audible tutting. "She's the noisiest of the lot - not very ladylike," the nurse told her.

"And so, at 10 minutes old, my tiny daughter had a very early experience of how gendered our world is," Rippon says.

Rippon has spent decades questioning ideas that the brains of men and women are somehow fundamentally different - work that she compellingly presents in her new book, The Gendered Brain. The title is slightly misleading, since her argument hinges on the fact that it's not the human brain that is inherently "gendered", but the world in which we are raised. Subtle cues about "manly" and "ladylike" behaviours, from the moment of birth, mould our behaviours and abilities, which other scientists have then read as inherent, innate differences.
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Rippon's writing bristles with frustration that this argument still needs to be stated in 2019. She describes many of the theories about gender differences as "whack-a-mole" myths that keep on arising, in another guise, no matter how often they are debunked.

"We've been looking at this whole issue of whether male brains are different from female brains for about 200 years," she says. "And every now and then there's a new breakthrough in science or technology, which allows us to revisit this question, and make us realise that some of the past certainties are clearly wrong. And you think that, as a scientist, you might have addressed them and put them right, and people will move on and not use those terms or conclusions anymore. But the next time you look at the popular press you find that the old myth has returned."

You can see Gina Rippon discussing these myths in the BBC Reel video above.
One of the oldest claims centres on the fact that women have smaller brains, which was considered evidence for intellectual inferiority. While it's true that, on average, women's brains are smaller, by about 10%, there are several problems with this assumption.

"First of all, if you just thought it was a 'size matters' issue, then sperm whales and elephants have got bigger brains than men, and they're not renowned for being that much brighter," says Rippon. Then there's the fact that, despite the average difference in size, the overall overlap in the distributions of men and women's brains is huge. "So that you get women with big brains and men with small brains."

It's worth noting that Einstein's brain was smaller than that of the average male, and overall, many studies find that there is next to no mean difference between men and women's intelligence or behavioural traits. Yet the claims continue to persist in the media.

Rippon argues that the apparent structural differences within the brain itself have also been exaggerated. The corpus callosum, for instance, is the bridge of nerve fibres that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, with some initial studies finding that this information highway is bigger in women's brain's than in men's brains. This was used to justify all kinds of stereotypes - like the idea that women are inherently illogical, since their feelings from the "emotional" right hemisphere were interfering with the processing in the cooler, rational left hemisphere.

As Rippon explains in her book: "Men's more efficient callosal filtering mechanism explained the mathematical and scientific genius... their right to be captains of industry, [their ability to] win Nobel Prizes and so on and so on."

But such claims are often based on just a small number of participants, she says - and the techniques to measure the "size" of any region are still rather crude and open to interpretation, meaning that even the existence of such brain differences is on very shaky foundations. (And of course, the idea of the "left" and "right" brain is itself something of a myth.) Despite decades of research, it has been very difficult to reliably identify significant "hardwired" differences in the structure of the male and female brain.
Raging hormones
What about our sex hormones? Surely they, at least, should have a very clear impact on our minds and behaviours? Yet the evidence has been misinterpreted to denigrate women's abilities, Rippon says.

The concept of premenstrual syndrome, for instance, first emerged in the 1930s. "And it became well established as a reason for women not being given positions of power." As she points out, women were even initially barred from the US space programme due to concerns around having such "temperamental psycho-physiologic humans" on board the craft.

While few today would hold this view, we still consider PMS to bring about a range of cognitive and emotional changes that are less than desirable. Yet some of the observed symptoms may be a psychosomatic response - the result of expectation rather than inevitable biological changes to the brain.

In one study by Diane Ruble at Princeton University, for instance, women were given false feedback about where they were in their menstrual cycle. "They could give an approximate date about when they expected the period to start - but you could give them a fake blood test saying, actually, you are now in the pre-menstrual phase, or you're in the intermenstrual phase," Rippon explains. And they were then asked to fill out a questionnaire on various elements of PMS.

The study found that the women who were told they were in the pre-menstrual phase were much more likely to report the symptoms of PMS - even if they were not at that stage of the cycle, supporting the idea that some of the symptoms arose from their expectations. ( Read about how the "nocebo effect" means our beliefs can produce real medical symptoms.)

"I wouldn't want to underplay the reality of the hormonal changes that are associated with the menstrual cycle, or to deny that people do have changes associated with fluctuations in hormones - as they should, because the word hormone means stir to action," Rippon says. "But if you actually look at things like menstrual diaries, or objective measures of mood changes, the effect is nothing like as profound as the person believes. So the very fact that you believe that [you are] experiencing a mood change, and that must be associated with the premenstrual cycle, becomes a kind of self-fulfilling prophecy."

The perceptions of PMS also betray a certain confirmation bias among researchers studying sex and gender differences, who have tended to conduct studies that back up the stereotypes rather than looking for the evidence that may question prevailing assumptions. Rippon says that women may actually experience a cognitive boost at certain points in the menstrual cycle, for instance - but these have been largely ignored, thanks to scientists' preoccupation with women's perceived weakness.

"We've done some studies showing that cognitively, there are fluctuations through the menstrual cycle," she says. Verbal and spatial working memory, for instance, improve when oestrogen is highest. "And that there are very positive changes about the time of ovulation - improved responsiveness to sensory information, for example, and improved reaction time."

( Read more about how the menstrual cycle changes women's brains - for the better).

But Rippon says that while the standard tool to measure PMS is the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, "I haven't come across an 'ovulation euphoria questionnaire'". The focus, it seems, is always on the negative.
Pink and blue tsunamis
One of the challenges of studying sex differences has been accounting for the role of culture. Even when apparent differences in the structure of the brain can be observed, there is always the possibility that they arise through nurture rather than nature.

We know that the brain is plastic, meaning it is moulded by experience and training. And as Rippon observed with the birth of her own daughter, a boy and a girl may have very different experiences from the moment they enter the world, as certain behaviours are subtly encouraged. She points to research showing that children as young as 24 months are highly sensitive to gender typical behaviours. They are, she says, "tiny social sponges absorbing social information", and adopting those behaviours themselves will eventually rewire their neural circuits. "A gendered world produces a gendered brain."

This is why the gender stereotyping of toys is such an important issue to address.

"A lot of people think that the idea that we should avoid gendering toys is actually a bit of PC [politically correct] nonsense," she says. "But I think if we take a neuroscientific approach to this, we can see that there's quite profound implications of the toys that we play with when we're very young." These moments of play can be seen as "training opportunities" that can mould a child's brain into an adult one.

Consider a construction toy like Lego or Duplo or games such as Tetris. As the child plays, rotating bricks and finding increasingly inventive ways to fit them together into new structures, they will be building the neural networks involved in visual and spatial processing. Then, as you get to school, you might perform slightly better at those tasks - and be praised for your abilities, meaning you'll continue to practice them. Eventually, you may even find a profession that that asks you to spend all day, every day, strengthening those abilities.

"Now, if all of those toys and training opportunities are gendered, then you can start getting what looks like a clear gender divide based on the biological sex of an individual, as opposed to the different training opportunities that individual has had," says Rippon.

The psychologists Melissa Terlecki and Nora Newcombe have shown that the apparent sex differences in spatial cognition diminish when you account for the amount of time someone has spent playing video games like Tetris, for instance.

A few campaigns - like Let Toys Be Toys in the UK and Play Unlimited in Australia - have had some success in persuading retailers to change their gendered marketing, but in general, Rippon argues that children are still being pigeonholed in many other ways.

"One of the problems we have in the 21st Century is that what I call gender bombardment is much more intense," says Rippon. "There's much more in the social media, and a whole range of marketing initiatives, which make a very clear prescriptive list of what it's like to be male, or what it's like to be female."

And this is why Rippon is especially frustrated by the "neurosexism" out there. The more that tenuous conclusions, from weak data, reach the public, the more likely we are to pass on these messages to children, strengthening those self-fulfilling prophecies.

"If we believe that there are profound and fundamental differences between men's and women's brains, and more than that - that the owners of those brains therefore have access to different skills, or different temperaments or different personalities - that will certainly affect how we think about ourselves as male or female," says Rippon. It will also affect how we think about other people and what their potential might be, she warns.

"So scientists need to be really careful," she says."Of course, we need to understand where there are sex differences and what they might mean. But we should be careful not to talk about fundamental or profound differences, because we're giving the wrong impression to people who are really interested to know what the answers are to the questions that we're asking."

Ultimately, we need to accept that each of us has a unique brain - and our abilities cannot be defined by a single label like our gender.

"An understanding that every brain is different from every other brain, and not necessarily just a function of the sex of the brain's owner, is a really important step forward in the 21st Century," urges Rippon.
*The video that accompanies this article is part of a BBC Reel Playlist called Re:Think, where you can watch more thought-provoking films about the human brain. David Robson is a writer based in the London and Barcelona. His first book, The Intelligence Trap: Why Smart People Do Dumb Things, is out now. He is d_a_robson on Twitter.
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When I meet the cognitive neuroscientist Gina Rippon, she tells me one anecdote that helps demonstrate just how early children can be exposed to gender stereotypes. It was the birth of her second daughter, on 11 June 1986 - the night that Gary Lineker scored a hat trick against Poland in the men's Football World Cup.

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Are male and female brains different? - BBC Reel

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Based on research in her book The Gendered Brain, neuroscientist Gina Rippon gives her opinion on why she believes we should rethink the idea of the human brain being 'gendered' and look again at what is really informing our ideas of gender identity.

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reacts hysteric

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deep voice

Never crying

body hair

blue

Sex offender

Cheaters

Don’t show emotion

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We're no strangers to love
You know the rules and so do I (do I)
A full commitment's what I'm thinking of
You wouldn't get this from any other guy

I just wanna tell you how I'm feeling
Gotta make you understand

Never gonna give you up
Never gonna let you down
Never gonna run around and desert you
Never gonna make you cry
Never gonna say goodbye
Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you

We've known each other for so long
Your heart's been aching, but you're too shy to say it (say it)
Inside, we both know what's been going on (going on)
We know the game and we're gonna play it

And if you ask me how I'm feeling
Don't tell me you're too blind to see

Never gonna give you up
Never gonna let you down
Never gonna run around and desert you
Never gonna make you cry
Never gonna say goodbye
Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you

Never gonna give you up
Never gonna let you down
Never gonna run around and desert you
Never gonna make you cry
Never gonna say goodbye
Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you

We've known each other for so long
Your heart's been aching, but you're too shy to say it (to say it)
Inside, we both know what's been going on (going on)
We know the game and we're gonna play it

I just wanna tell you how I'm feeling
Gotta make you understand

Never gonna give you up
Never gonna let you down
Never gonna run around and desert you
Never gonna make you cry
Never gonna say goodbye
Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you

Never gonna give you up
Never gonna let you down
Never gonna run around and desert you
Never gonna make you cry
Never gonna say goodbye
Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you

Never gonna give you up
Never gonna let you down
Never gonna run around and desert you
Never gonna make you cry
Never gonna say goodbye
Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you