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Police Investigating a supposed shipment of wood, which turned out to be hollow and filled with liquor. (History.com Editors)

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Example of what speakeasies looked like

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Bootlegging During The Prohibition {Ben}

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Bootlegging During The Prohibition {Ben}

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“Bootlegging” is the sale, storage, or transportation of illegal alcohol. During the prohibition, this practice became increasingly popular for a variety of people, from common workers hiding alcohol in their homes, to large criminal organizations making millions of dollars transporting liquor.
Soon after the 18th amendment was signed and implemented, criminal groups began smuggling foreign liquor from Canada and Mexico. Groups did this in a variety of ways, including using outposts on islands just outside of US jurisdiction to store their goods. Bootlegging required coordination and communication between a large number of individuals, and may have actually been the start of large-scale organized crime in America (Encyclopædia Britannica).
The most notorious example of these organized gangs was with Al Capone in Chicago. Capone ran one of  the largest bootlegging operations in America, bringing in over $60 million annually. His gang was involved in many acts of violence within Chicago, including the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre, where Al Capone's men assassinated 7 members of a rival Gang. Criminal groups did eventually begin working together, branching off into other illegal trades such as narcotics, gambling rackets, and extortion.
Beyond criminal groups, many everyday workers also found their way into bootlegging. Many hid alcohol in their homes with hidden compartments. other carried flasks in the tops of their boots(which is where the name originated) Even after the Prohibition was ended in 1933, bootlegging continued in areas where alcohol was banned.

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What Is "Bootlegging"? Who Operated These Businesses?

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What Is "Bootlegging"? Who Operated These Businesses?

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The 18th Amendment
(Encyclopaedia Britannica)

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The Prohibition as a whole consisted of two amendments and two acts, most famously the 18th and 21st amendments were the two that started and ended over a decade of the prohibition of Alcohol in the United States. The 18th amendment attempted to end the manufacturing, importing and sale of Alcohol in the United States which would have effectively cut the American alcohol supply to basically nothing. Multiple loopholes were found in the Amendment, including people buying out whole liquor stores and storing the alcohol as drinking wasn’t actually illegal. Also, Doctors and Pharmacists used the loopholes to sell Alcohol as a remedy and a painkiller as the amendment only states it's illegal for “Beverage Purposes.”(Andrews, Evans) Soon after instating the 18th amendment, the Volstead act which was commonly known as the National Prohibition act and provided enforcement of the prohibition. This act was aided by many state laws about enforcing the prohibition to create harsh regulations that would have to be repealed by multiple states as soon as 1923.(Volstead Act)The final act of prohibition was actually to ease the prohibition’s effect, allowing alcohol to be produced and sold as long as it was under 3.2 percent compared to the .5 alcohol percent cap during the prime of the Prohibition era. This act was passed by Franklin D. Roosevelt and directly amended the Volstead act, it was called the Cullen-Harrison act. Finally in late 1933, the 21st amendment was passed allowing the sale of alcohol to no longer be prohibited by national law, although many states kept their statewide laws of prohibition for many years after.(Eighteenth Amendment)

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Amount of alcohol consumed in gallons between 1910 and 1929. Dipped at the start of prohibition than increased

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The ineffectiveness of prohibition. {Alex and Abe}

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The ineffectiveness of prohibition. {Alex and Abe}

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The goal of prohibition in the 1920s was to reduce crime, corruption, and reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses while improving the health and hygiene in America. However, in the end, it eventually failed (Dorr, Lisa Lindquist). Originally alcohol consumption was reduced due to prohibition, amounting to just 20% in 1921. However, by 1922 alcohol consumption increased and surpassed the pre-prohibition alcohol consumption. By banning the sale of alcohol, other consequences occurred. The ban led many experimenting with drugs, the most common being opium, marijuana, patent medicines, and cocaine. In the late 1920s, the problems and failures of prohibition law enforcement led to the collapse of temperance organizations, and the rise of effective repeal groups weakened national prohibition (Hamm, Richard F). Due to the use of drugs, more and more crime occurred. Other problems like the black market became more prominent, alcohol would be smuggled into America from foreign countries and sold through the black market. Prohibition was created to solve a problem, but ultimately created more problems than it solved, thus deeming it a failure. By 1933 prohibition had completely ended, and crime and corruption rates decreased.

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When the Prohibition took effect, people who still wanted to buy liquor would go into private barrooms called speakeasies. They gained their name due to the password you would have to use to get in to avoid the law. Some people ended up making a big profit off of owning several speakeasies. For example, " Al Capone, leader of the Chicago Outfit, made an estimated $60 million a year supplying illegal beer and hard liquor to thousands of speakeasies he controlled in the late 1920s."(the mobmuseum.org) As time went on the number of speakeasies kept growing by the hundreds. "At one time, there were thought to be over 100,000 speakeasies in New York City alone, New Jersey claimed there were 10 times as many as before the amendment, and Rochester, New York, twice the number. The same became true all over the nation."(Kathy Weiser)

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Two men pictured disposing of alcohol

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In the early 1800’s some Americans, specifically Christian women, began campaigning for a ban on alcohol (Andrews, Evan). These women believed that the alcohol consumption of their husbands was destroying their families, and it was time for it to end. At the beginning of the 1900's temperance communities, or communities that swore to abstain from alcohol, became more common.
Reacting to the growth of urban communities, the Anti-Saloon League and other advocates for prohibition joined the fight around 1906.
The year 1917 brought on a war time prohibition. President Woodrow Wilson ordered this due to the need for grain to feed the soldiers. Later that year, the 18th amendment was passed ("1920s (1920-29)").
Not only was the Prohibition intended to save grain needed for the military, but it was a common belief that crime rights would be lowered if less alcohol was being consumed (Andrews, Evan).

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