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The Civil War came as a result of built-up tension from the many years since America was founded. Fought over more than just slavery, it was the culmination of 19th century politics. It allowed for a new era of American history, with rapidly changing ideas as the country moved forward, making the event progressive rather than conservative.

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The second industrial revolution fully began after the Civil War, when the means of production increased heavily. Massive urban cities became a reality, populating a great amount of people from other countries, who were leaving their old jobs for the new way of production. Industrialization created jobs, but also widened the gap between the working and upper class. It most definitely represents the Laissez-Faire side of this era.

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Although this material was not in any way revolutionary at the time, it remains to be
a good look at the social division and perspectives of class during the Gilded Age. The author, Andrew Carnegie, was a wealthy philanthropist, who encouraged the difference between the working class and the super rich. He believed that society worked best when the economy was not interfered with, and that the massive gap between poverty conditions and the mansions of the rich was justified. His ideas, a prime example of Laissez-Faire thinking, were popular amongst the upper class at the time.

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In a time of heavy industrialization and urbanization, immigrants from around the world were pulled into America - like the Chinese. They were diligent workers, but were treated poorly and white Americans did not like that the Chinese held so many jobs in America. The Chinese Exclusion Act restricted much of Chinese immigration purely based on race. It represents Laissez-Faire more than progressivism.

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Signed by President Harrison in 1890, its primary use came much later. Theodore Roosevelt enforced the Sherman Antitrust as a way to strike down large corporations using greedy tactics to exploit the public. Certainly a progressive act.

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Like "The Gospel of Wealth", "Maggie" by Stephen Crane did not affect the social and political conflicts of its time. However, it is one of the first American literary examples that accurately represented the living conditions of the Gilded Age. The mansions and luxuries that the ultra-wealthy enjoyed were widely known, but few works like this novel showed the reality of the common man. This tragedy of a story sent a message that workers' lives needed change, a progressive mindset.

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Becoming president after McKinley's death, Roosevelt played a key role in the progressive movement. He kickstarted the push for corporate regulation, one of the successful progressive reforms.

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The Forest Reservation Act was the biggest accomplishment for the environmental reform category of the progressive movement. It reserves certain land from being used by private companies for factories and natural resources.

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In 1913, Woodrow Wilson significantly lowered tariffs for the first time in American history with the signage of The Underwood Tariff. Many Laissez-Faire thinkers advocated for high tariffs, arguing that they stimulated the economy, but this act strayed away from that, proving itself to be progressive.

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The 16th amendment introduced the income tax, a new progressive idea in the US, into the constitution. It allowed the government to forcibly collect a certain percentage of money from one's income - with, at the time, every citizen paying the same percentage of their earnings.

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The 17th amendment fundamentally changed how senators were elected. Instead of wealthy delegates choosing senators that benefited them, each state could vote for candidates in a more democratic system.

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The US was not very involved in WWI, yet soldiers were still drafted and sent to Europe. When these soldiers came home, many of them relied on breadlines. They were one of the groups that did not benefit from the roaring 20s, showing the inequality that came from Laissez-Faire capitalism.

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As drinking habits and violent crimes grew, many believed that an a restriction on alcohol would cut out these issues. Passed as a Constitutional amendment in 1920, it banned the manufacturing, transport, and selling of all alcoholic beverages. However, it backfired horribly when some began importing alcohol illegally and selling it for thousands of Americans. Some progressive movements like prohibition, although in good faith, did not end well.

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Despite slavery ending after the Civil War, Black Americans were far from equal during the 20s, and continued to be mistreated and even lynched. Greenwood was a Black, fully-sustainable district in Tulsa, Oklahoma when rumor was falsely spread that a Black man harassed a white woman, which was met with fury and destruction. Around 40 were killed and millions of dollars were lost in property damage as white mobs ravaged the area, fueled by their hate. It represents the carelessness of Laissez-Faire capitalism.

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A long push for women's suffrage was finally met with the 19th amendment, which granted women the right to vote. Although women were still considered less important in politics, the 19th amendment allowed for women to be recognized as independent thinkers. Slowly, the progressive idea of women's rights became a reality.

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Many believe this event to be the start of the Great Depression. Mass panic caused people to rapidly withdraw money from the stock market, reaching new lows. Combined with bank failures when people tried to withdraw money from their accounts, only more panic ensued. It can be argued that the careless spending and partying promoted by Laissez-Faire capitalism led to this event.

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After seeing crime and alcohol use increase, government repealed the 18th amendment. There were still some supporters of the law, but there was also a general consensus that the once widely supported Constitutional amendment had been a mistake. Prohibition was a progressive idea, but this desire for change can also be seen as progressive.

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One of the pioneers for progressive ideals, FDR won by a landslide in 1936. Many supported him because of his New Deal proposal, which brought relief and change in a desperate time like the Depression. It also reformed the economy in a way that is still controversial today, and while some see him as a progressive hero, others believe his actions only worsened America.

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Under FDR's Presidency, the country was slowly progressing out of the Depression. Yet the economy would not fully recover until WWII, when materiel needed to be produced quickly. Many progressive ideas were forgotten as the country prepared the war, which would sadly mean the end for thousands of Americans.