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Mad River Watershed showing Mac-O-Chee Restoration

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Mad River Watershed showing Mac-O-Chee Restoration

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David Schklar

(614) 728-2704; David.Schklar@education.ohio.gov

Jen Dennison

(614) 265-6316; Jen.Dennison@dnr.state.oh.us

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Deposition and Erosion using Google Earth and Landsat (Chronologically)

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Deposition and Erosion using Google Earth and Landsat (Chronologically)

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The Landsat 8 satellite images the entire Earth every 16 days in an 8-day offset from Landsat 7. Data collected by the instruments onboard the satellite are available to download at no charge from EarthExplorer, GloVis, or the LandsatLook Viewer within 24 hours of acquisition.

Landsat 8 Instruments

Landsat 8 carries two push-broom instruments: The Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS).

The spectral bands of the OLI sensor provides enhancement from prior Landsat instruments, with the addition of two additional spectral bands: a deep blue visible channel (band 1) specifically designed for water resources and coastal zone investigation, and a new shortwave infrared channel (band 9) for the detection of cirrus clouds.*

The TIRS instrument collects two spectral bands for the wavelength covered by a single band on the previous TM and ETM+ sensors. Descriptions of the band designations for all Landsat sensors, and information about the comparisons between Landsat 8 and previous bands are also available.

These sensors both provide improved signal-to-noise (SNR) radiometric performance quantized over a 12-bit dynamic range. (This translates into 4096 potential grey levels in an image compared with only 256 grey levels in previous 8-bit instruments.) Improved signal to noise performance enable better characterization of land cover state and condition. Products are delivered as 16-bit images (scaled to 55,000 grey levels).

A Quality Assessment band is also included with each Landsat 8 data product. This band allows users to apply per pixel filters to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)-only and Landsat 8 OLI/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS)-combined data products.

Landsat 8 Data Products

Landsat 8 data products are consistent with other Landsat standard Level-1 data products, using specifications described on the Landsat Processing Details page.

Landsat 8 Pre-WRS-2 Data Products

Nearly 10,000 scenes were acquired by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and/or Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) sensors after launch (February 11, 2013) through April 10, 2013, when the satellite achieved operational orbit (WRS-2). The earliest images are TIRS data only. These data are also visible and can be downloaded from EarthExplorer or GloVis.

While these data meet the quality standards and have the same geometric precision as data acquired on and after April 11, 2013, the geographic extents of each scene may differ.

Most data will be processed to the highest level possible, however there may be some differences in the spatial resolution of the early TIRS images due to telescope temperature changes, but they should be within +/- 1 percent.

Landsat 8 Data Documentation and Information

The Landsat 8 Data User's Handbook provides information about the Landsat 8 data products.
Landsat Project Documentation
Information is available for converting Landsat 8 Level-1 data to radiance, reflectance and top of atmosphere brightness temperature.

Images of important areas in the development of Landsat 8 are available.
Landsat 8/ LDCM's Underfly with Landsat 7
*Gao, B.C. and Kaufman, Y.J. 1995. Selection of the 1.375 micrometer MODIS Channel for Remote Sensing of Cirrus Clouds and Stratospheric Aerosols from Space, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 52 (23), p.4231-4237.

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The Landsat 8 satellite images the entire Earth every 16 days in an 8-day offset from Landsat 7. Data collected by the instruments onboard the satellite are available to download at no charge from EarthExplorer, GloVis, or the LandsatLook Viewer within 24 hours of acquisition.

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Standard: Water, Soil and Sediment

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Standard: Earth Systems - Hydrosphere

Standard: Earth's Resources - Water and Water Pollution, Potable water and water quality, Hypoxia, eutrophication, Sediment contamination

Standard: Global Environmental Problems and Issues - Potable water quality, use, availability.

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Erosion and Sedimentation have consequences. Some are not good.

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Created by Monica Bruckner, Montana State University Where / Causes / Effects / Remediation / Resources What is the Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone? The Gulf of Mexico dead zone is an area of hypoxic (less than 2 ppm ...

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Break-out into small groups and research to share out these, or select your own.

1. The Wave (AZ)

2. Mac-O-Chee Restoration

3. Scioto River

4. Ohio River

5. Flooding 2015

6. Wild Fires in Oregon and California.

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Ohio Learning Standards for Earth and Space Science

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Ohio Learning Standards for Earth and Space Science

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Grades 1, 2, 4, and 8; Environmental Science; Physical Geology

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Let's look at some sites on Google Earth

1. Mississippi River Delta

2. Mac-O-Chee Restoration

3. Scioto and Olentangy River Confluence

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Standards:  Evidence of the dynamic changes of Earth’s surface through time is found in the geologic record.
Elaboration: The representation of the age of the Earth must include a graphic demonstration of the immensity of geologic time, as this is a very difficult concept to grasp.

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http://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Ohios-Learning-Standards/Science/ScienceStandards.pdf.aspx

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Standard: Earth’s surface has specific characteristics and landforms that can be identified.

Elaboration:

- Earth is known as the Blue Planet because about 70 percent of Earth’s surface is covered in water.

- There are many different processes that continually build up or tear down the surface of Earth.

- Beginning to recognize common landforms or features. Common landforms and features include streams, deltas, floodplains, hills, mountains/mountain ranges, valleys, sinkholes, caves, canyons, glacial features, dunes, springs, volcanoes and islands.

- Connecting the processes that must occur to the resulting landform, feature or characteristic should be emphasized.

Standard: The surface of Earth changes due to weathering.

Elaboration:

- The weathering process must be observed in nature, through classroom experimentation or virtually.

Standard: The surface of Earth changes due to erosion and deposition.

Elaboration:

- Erosion is a process that transports rock, soil or sediment to a different location.

- Gravity plays an important role in understanding erosion, especially catastrophic events like mass wasting (e.g., mudslides, avalanches, landslides) or flooding.

- Erosion and deposition directly contribute to landforms and features formation that are included in grade 4.

- Topographic maps and aerial photographs can be used to locate erosional and depositional areas in Ohio.

- Field trips and field investigations (may be virtual) are recommended as erosional and depositional features that can be seen locally or within the state can help to connect the concept of erosion and deposition to the real world.

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Standard: The physical properties of water can change.

Elaboration:

- Water can be observed in lakes, ponds, streams, wetlands, the ocean and through weather events.

- Water can change the shape of the land (e.g. moving soil or sand along the banks of a river or at the beach).

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Standard: The atmosphere is made up of air.

Elaboration:

- Wind can change the shape of the land (e.g. sand dunes, rock formations).

- Weather events that are related to wind (e.g., tornadoes, hurricanes) are included in this content.

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Another form of Deposition - The making of an Island

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Another form of Deposition - The making of an Island

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Demonstrating Deposition,  Erosion, and Sedimentation 

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Demonstrating Deposition,  Erosion, and Sedimentation 

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Using a River Table to model erosion, sedimentation, and deposition.

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Mississippi River Delta – Years:1973,
1989, 2003

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Mississippi River Delta – Years:1973,
1989, 2003

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http://landsat.usgs.gov//gallery_view.php?category=blueflag&thesort=pictureId

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Exporing the Little Miami River using YouTube

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Visit the Little Miami River in Warren County, Ohio. Ohio's first National and State Wild and Scenic River, the story of the Little Miami tells of the delicate balance of aquatic insects, birds and wildlife habitat that enable the river to support more that half of the fish species found in Ohio, as well as the public and private efforts to restore and preserve it, and to enjoy the recreation it provides.

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http://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/news-events/multimedia-library

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•Examine Ohio Learning Standards (OLS) for Sedimentation and Deposition.

•Use of “River Table” to demonstrate the processes.

•Show examples using photos from Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR), USGS's Landsat, and Google Earth of erosion, sedimentation, and deposition.

•Break out into groups to research and share other examples using the technology.