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Freedmen were both liberated and displaced in the Reconstruction.

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The impact on women of the Reconstruction period depended on their social class.

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AS a result of the war and the thirteenth amendment, plantation owners lost their labor force and a very large part of their wealth.

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Small farmers who had not owned slaves were not directly affected financially by their liberation.

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They reacted with anger and resentment and joined the ranks of the vigilante groups that terrorized African Americans.

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Both the wives and of elite plantation owners and small farms shared their husbands' loss of social status and fear of economic competition form the freedmen.

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Former slaves,"carpetbaggers" and "scalawags" pushed for some women's rights.

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As a result of the constitution of 1868, women achieved some rights, including the right to own property in their own name after marriage.

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Elite white woman had to negotiate household services from former slave woman or perform household task themselves.

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At the end of the war, many freedmen left the plantation looking for relatives sold"down the river" or seeking a taste of freedom.

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Most soon returned to the area that they knew best, their former plantations.

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With the assistance of the Freedmen's Bureau and their own determination, they worked to consolidate their families and communities and establish a network of churches and other autonomous institutions.

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Former slaves left the south as soon as they had the opportunity to escape the society that had mistreated them.

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Many who had felt a sense of social superiority to slaves now felt that superiority threatened.

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They had to compete with African American sharecroppers when they marked their crops.

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Small farmers from non-slave holding districts cooperated with the Republicans because they would benefit from the educational and opportunities they offered.

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Many were astonished that their former slaves, who they thought were loyal to them, left the plantations.

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They felt betrayed and resentful of the former slaves' attitudes, many became more hostile to the freedmen.

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They were forced ti preform all of the normal household and farm duties themselves or pay their workers, but their investments in Confederate dollars were worthless.

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Facilitated by the freedmen's bureau, may entered into sharecropping relationships with freedmen and reestablished their former position as master through a new means.

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Both men and women, came to south Carolina as teachers, missionaries, or entrepreneurs.

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Some came as union soldiers and stayed.

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Reviled as "carpetbaggers", they were not accepted by most of white South Carolina society.

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Some found political opportunity in the Reconstruction governments, others found economic opportunity.

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Many states, especially those with sparse populations, actively sought to attract immigrants by offering jobs or land for farming.