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A term, used by Vygotsky, envisioning a range of levels of difficulty for a student.  The lower end is very easy, the upper end beyond the student's capacity. The ZPD is the midpoint and is an appropriate level for learning (pg. 84).

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Jennifer Knestrick states,"Instruction focused within each student’s ZPD is not too difficult or too easy, but just challenging enough to help him or her develop new skills by building on those that have already been established" (2012). You want the students to be successful in the classroom, but they need to be able to develop important critical thinking skills. This why you want to find the perfect ZPD for all students.

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Pinantoan states, "Scaffolding is a teaching method that enables a student to solve a problem, carry out a task, or achieve a goal through a gradual shedding of outside assistance" (2013). ZPD and Scaffolding go hand-in-hand with each other. Scaffolding is the help the child receives from the teacher. The teacher starts to back off more and more when the student starts to understand the material. This is how the two circles grow for ZPD.

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The Zone of Proximal Development is a tremendous tool in education. As teachers, we can use this to measure the students' ability in the classroom. Some students fail simply because the material is too hard for the student. If this happens, a student could have a mental breakdown. Especially the students who already have a Learning Disability.

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The best way to imagine ZPD is with three circles stacked on top of each other.  The outer circle is knowledge that the child can't reach, the middle circle is the ZPD, and the inner circle is knowledge the student already knows.  As a teacher, you want all three rings to grow consistently with each other.  If the inner circle takes over then school is too easy.  If the teacher teaches outside the ZPD then school is too hard.  Dr.  Erica Warren states, "learning to automatization means that one has fully learned a concept to mastery and the process of completing a problem is virtually automatic and requires little to no thought" (2016)