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Alcohol abuse can affect the people around the drinker. Alcohol related crimes, medical expenses, injuries and lost productivity on the job costs the US between 100-200 billion dollars annually.
Alcohol related deaths number approximately 150,000 deaths annually. Most of these deaths are due to violence while under the influence and driving while intoxicated.
1 in every 8 Americans grow up in an alcoholic family. These households are filled with stress arising from uncertainty and embarrassment.
In some cases, alcholics verbally or physically abuse family members. The household revolves around the drinking member and other family member's needs are ignored.

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Alcoholism is when a person cannot control their drinking. Alcoholics consider drinking to be a part of normal, daily life. The body builds up tolerance to alcohol. Tolerance causes a drinker's body to consume increasingly larger amounts of alcohol to achieve the original effect. As tolerance increases, the body eventually develops dependence, where the brain develops a chemical nee for alcohol and cannot function normally without it.
Stage 1 of Alcoholism: Anyone is at risk. This is where social drinkers (people who drink at social events) start to use alcohol to try to relieve stress, or escape problems at home, school or work.
Stage 2 of Alcoholism: The drinker becomes totally dependent on alcohol. It dominates the drinker's life. Some alcoholics can hide the effects well, while others show signs of excessive consumption.
Stage 3 of Alcoholism: The mental, emotional and physical health of an alcoholic rapidly deteriorates. They become isolated from society. Late-stage alcoholics also experience reverse tolerance, a condition in which less and less alcohol causes intoxication.

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- brain damage: Long-term alcohol abuse destroys the nerve cells in the brain. These cells normally don't grow back. The loss of these cells can impair memory, concentration and judgement. Teen drinkers expose their brain to alcohol at a critical time in development; this results in long-term memory damage and impaired learning.
- fetal alcohol syndrome: pregnant women who drink endanger their future children. Babies born with this syndrome may suffer from heart defects, malformed faces, delayed growth, poor motor development, and mental retardation. Some show only the behavioral problems and not the physical effects.
- liver damage: Alcohol interferes with the liver's ability to metabolize fats. As a result, fat buildup in the liver occurs, which blocks blood flow to the liver. The fatty liver cells die leaving behind useless scar tissue. This disease is called cirrhosis, and may lead to liver failure and death.
- heart damage: excessive drinking contributes to heart disease. Over time, alcohol causes increased blood pressure and heart rate, heart arrythmia, and plaque buildup around the heart.
- digestive problems: ongoing drinking can irritate the tissues that line the digestive system, causing inflammation. Repeated irritation increases your risk of cancers of the mouth, tongue, esophagus and stomach; recurring diarrhea; chronic indigestion, heartburn and/or ulcers.

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Long Term Affects of Alcohol on the Body

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Long Term Affects of Alcohol on the Body

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A driver over the age of 21 who is caught with a BAC of over 0.08 percent is charged with driving while intoxicated. People charged with DWI can be prosecuted and have their driver's license taken away. They may also have to pay stiff fines or serve jail time.
In addition to this, there are zero tolerance laws, which relate to minors buying and consuming alcohol. Both of those are already illegal, therefore there is no acceptable BAC for underage drivers. Laws vary from state to state, but the penalties may be stricter for minors than for adults.

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Alcohol taken with any other depressant can double the effects one might feel from both. The combination can cause drastic changes in the body, and can dangerously slow heart rates and breathing. In extreme cases, this leads to death.

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Overdose, a.k.a. alcohol poisoning can result in death. Alcohol continues to be absorbed into the blood for 30-90 minutes after the last drink. The BAC can increase even while the drinker is unconscious. Binge-drinking is the consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol in one sitting. This is normally what leads to overdose, and ultimately death.

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The effects of alcohol depend on how much is in a person's bloodstream. It is written as a percentage. The higher the BAC, the more severe the behavioral and bodily effects. Some factors that affect BAC are:
- rate of consumption: A person's liver breaks down BAC at a slow, constant rate; the rate is about one half to one ounce of alcohol per hour. Therefore, people who have a few drinks in one hour have a higher BAC than people who don't.
- Gender: males generally have a lower BAC than females. This is because a larger portion of it is metabolized in the stomach before reaching the liver.
- Body Size: generally, smaller people (weight and height) feel the effects of alcohol more than larger people. They will have a higher BAC after a number of drinks.
- Amount of Food in the Stomach:
drinking on an empty stomach increases the rate of alcohol absorption.
Once a person stops drinking, the BAC will decrease. This process is normally referred to as sobering up.

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- altered perceptions and emotions
- impaired judgement, which can lead to bad decisions such as unsafe sex, drowning and accidents

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- distorted perception (coordination, vision, and hearing)
- bad breath
- hangover

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The Short Term Effects of Alcohol on the Body

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The Short Term Effects of Alcohol on the Body