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CRITIQUING AND EXPANDING THE SOCIOLOGY OFINEQUALITY: COMPARING FUNCTIONALIST, CONFLICT, ANDINTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVES

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CRITIQUING AND EXPANDING THE SOCIOLOGY OFINEQUALITY: COMPARING FUNCTIONALIST, CONFLICT, ANDINTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVES

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Critical Theories marx conflict feminist

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Systems TheoryBRUCE D. FRIEDMAN & KAREN NEUMAN ALLEN (2014)In book: Essentials of Clinical Social Work (pp.3 - 20)Edition: 1, Chapter: 1, Publisher: Sage, Editors: Jerrold R. Brandell

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Systems TheoryBRUCE D. FRIEDMAN & KAREN NEUMAN ALLEN (2014)In book: Essentials of Clinical Social Work (pp.3 - 20)Edition: 1, Chapter: 1, Publisher: Sage, Editors: Jerrold R. Brandell

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Effective Social Work with Children, Young People and Families: Putting Systems Theory into Practice Steven Walker, 2013

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Effective Social Work with Children, Young People and Families: Putting Systems Theory into Practice Steven Walker, 2013

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THE INTERACTIONAL HELPING MODEL (Shulman)

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THE INTERACTIONAL HELPING MODEL (Shulman)

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Using the Interactional Helping Skills (Shulman)

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Using the Interactional Helping Skills (Shulman)

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Homeless Individuals’ Social Construction of a Park: A SymbolicInteractionist Perspective (2018)

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Homeless Individuals’ Social Construction of a Park: A SymbolicInteractionist Perspective (2018)

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Homeless Individuals Social Construction of a Park A Symbolic I

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Bitesize Sociology #6 | The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

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Symbolic interactionism: Society and Culture 

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Symbolic interactionism: Society and Culture 

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Symbolic interactionism | Society and Culture | MCAT | Khan Academy

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Application of psychodynamic theory to health and social care

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Application of psychodynamic theory to health and social care

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Application of psychodynamic theory to health and social care

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Women in England’s poorest areas die younger than in most OECD countries (April 2022)

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Women in England’s poorest areas die younger than in most OECD countries (April 2022)

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Women in the poorest areas of England are dying earlier than the average female in almost every comparable country in the world, according to a damning analysis of life expectancy data that MPs and leading health experts have called "shocking", "devastating" and "unacceptable".

Millions of women living in the most deprived areas of England can expect to live 78.7 years, almost eight years fewer than those living in England's wealthiest areas, the Health Foundation has discovered.

It is worse than the average life expectancy for women in every single one of the world's OECD countries except Mexico.

The stark analysis, seen by the Guardian, also reveals that the average life expectancy for all women across England and the UK is lower than the global OECD average. The UK ranks 25th out of 38 OECD countries when it comes to the number of years a woman can expect to live.

Ministers have repeatedly promised to tackle decades of gender inequality and pledged to "reset the dial" on women's health as part of their levelling-up agenda.

But experts say the findings show the government has a "mountain to climb", with a "fundamental shift" in policy urgently needed to enable women to enjoy longer, healthier lives.

"The government has committed to addressing stalling life expectancy and this has been described as a core part of the levelling up agenda," said Jo Bibby, the director of health at the Health Foundation.

"However, it has so far failed to acknowledge the mountain it needs to climb to bring life chances in the UK in line with other comparable countries."

Chart of average life expectancies

Women living in the 10% most deprived parts of England have a lower life expectancy than the average woman in countries such as Colombia (79.8 years), Latvia (79.7 years) and Hungary (79.6 years), according to the new study. Globally, only Mexico has a lower overall life expectancy (77.9 years) than women in the poorest parts of England.

The analysis also exposes the true scale of health inequalities in England. Life expectancy for women in the poorest areas is well below the UK average of 83.1, the England average of 83.2, and the OECD average of 83.4, the analysis shows.

Some of the most deprived areas in England include the local authority areas of Blackpool, Knowsley, Liverpool and Middlesbrough. The least deprived areas include Chiltern, Hampshire, Hart and Rutland.

The gap in life expectancy between women in the richest and poorest areas is 7.7 years. Women in the 10% least deprived areas in England live on average 86.4 years - higher than the overall life expectancy for women in any OECD country, except Japan, which has the highest level for all OECD countries at 87.3 years.

"When OECD countries are ranked by life expectancy, the UK comes in 25th - a somewhat disappointing showing for the world's fifth-largest economy," said Bibby.

"However, an even more concerning picture emerges when we look at the gap between the rich and poor. The stark reality ... is that the poorest can expect to live shorter and less healthy lives than their richer counterparts."

England is not an OECD member, like the UK, but the Health Foundation compared life expectancy for 2018 in England - as well as the UK - to other OECD countries. It did not examine Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland.

The cost of living crisis is likely to further widen the gap between rich and poor, experts say. The pandemic has already hit the finances of millions of families and rising prices will force growing numbers to choose between going without essentials that are vital to living healthy lives - such as heating and food - or going into debt.

Clare Bambra, a professor of public health at Newcastle University, who was not involved in the analysis, said it highlighted the "vast scale" of health inequalities in England, which were "likely to worsen through the very real health threats posed by the rising cost of living".

Hannah Davies, the health inequalities lead at the Northern Health Science Alliance, who was also not involved with the research, described the findings as "shocking".

She added: "Inequalities between the richest and poorest in England are morally and economically unacceptable and the devastating impact they're having on the poorest women is shown here clearly.

"If the government is to achieve its healthy life expectancy goals, it cannot ignore deprivation in the UK and must invest in helping those worst affected by the cost of living crisis through significant, funded support."

Bibby said the government must focus on providing secure jobs, adequate incomes, decent housing and quality education to improve women's health in the poorest areas, otherwise levelling up "will remain little more than a slogan".

Anneliese Dodds, the shadow secretary of state for women and equalities, said the "shocking figures" showed women were being failed by the government.

"Everywhere you look the Tories are letting women down, whether it's their inability to confront the cost of living crisis, their broken promise to deliver a women's health strategy or their failure to tackle the entrenched structural inequalities in healthcare that are putting black, Asian and minority ethnic women at risk," she added.

A Department of Health and Social Care spokesperson said: "We are committed to levelling up health across the country and our health disparities white paper, due later this year, will set out action to reduce the gap in health outcomes between different places, so that people's backgrounds do not dictate their prospects for a healthy life.

"We are also set to publish our women's health strategy later this year to tackle gender health inequality and ensure everyone gets the high-quality care they need.

"We are also helping local authorities improve public health by increasing their grant to just over £3.4bn this year. We are investing a further £36bn in overall health and care over the next three years to put in place comprehensive reforms that are sustainable and fit for the future."

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Women in England's poorest areas die younger than in most OECD countries

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Women in the poorest areas of England are dying earlier than the average female in almost every comparable country in the world, according to a damning analysis of life expectancy data that MPs and leading health experts have called "shocking", "devastating" and "unacceptable".

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UK Poverty 2022: The essential guide to understanding poverty in the UK (Jan 2022, Joseph Rowntree Foundation)

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UK Poverty 2022: The essential guide to understanding poverty in the UK (Jan 2022, Joseph Rowntree Foundation)

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This is the first issue of our new-style UK Poverty report, which looks comprehensively at trends in poverty across all its characteristics and impacts.

What is the picture of poverty at the start of 2022, coming up to two years after a global pandemic struck? To an extent the picture is unclear: we don't yet have official poverty data covering the pandemic period, and we know that the quality of the very surveys we rely on for this information were affected by the onset of the pandemic.

But many sources make it clear that while some groups have been well supported and face better prospects as we enter 2022, others face deep and persistent poverty. In a way this is much better than might be expected given the economic and social shock the country has been through.

We know poverty at any stage in life can lead to negative impacts and so it is critical to scrutinise the data thoroughly to work out who is worst affected, determine how trends are changing over time and see what future prospects are.

This report gives a clear statement, agreed by our Grassroots Poverty Action Group (GPAG), that we need coordinated commitment, effort and action on the intersecting issues and challenges identified in this report. This can turn back the tide of poverty, and offer security for the many people experiencing hardship across the UK.

Sign up to the JRF Newsletter

Copyright Joseph Rowntree Foundation 2024. A company limited by guarantee and a registered charity.

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UK Poverty 2022: The essential guide to understanding poverty in the UK

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This is the first issue of our new-style UK Poverty report, which looks comprehensively at trends in poverty across all its characteristics and impacts.

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Factors influencing vulnerability to inequalities, organisations that inform prevalence of inequalities, linking poverty, vulnerability and inequality to sociological concepts.

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Factors influencing vulnerability to inequalities, organisations that inform prevalence of inequalities, linking poverty, vulnerability and inequality to sociological concepts.

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Avoidable mortality in Great Britain: 2020

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Avoidable mortality in Great Britain: 2020

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In 2020, 22.8% of total deaths (all ages) in Great Britain (GB) were considered avoidable (153,008 deaths out of 672,015).

The avoidable mortality rate for GB was statistically significantly higher than all years since 2010; by constituent country, England's was statistically significantly highest since 2010 and Wales' and Scotland's since 2012.

Wales had the highest avoidable mortality rate for deaths due to coronavirus (COVID-19) with 36.1 deaths per 100,000 people; Scotland had the lowest rate with 28.5 deaths per 100,000 people and England had 34.9 deaths per 100,000 people.

In 2018 to 2020, Blackpool Local Authority had the highest male preventable mortality rate with 355.8 deaths per 100,000 males and Middlesbrough had the highest female rate with 205.4 deaths per 100,000 females.

In 2020, across all Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in England and Health Boards in Wales, NHS Blackpool CCG had the highest treatable mortality rates with 164.2 deaths per 100,000 males and 132.2 deaths per 100,000 females.

Data in this release have been created using the international avoidable mortality definition. Avoidable deaths are defined as either preventable or treatable for those aged under 75 years. Coronavirus (COVID-19) has been assigned as a preventable cause of death. For further details see the Avoidable Mortality in the UK QMI.

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2. Avoidable mortality in Great Britain

UK and Northern Ireland (NI) data will be released at a later date pending the outcome of the current review of suicide statistics in NI, as these deaths form part of the definition of avoidable mortality. The review will conclude in Spring 2022, at which stage we will make disaggregated data for NI on external causes of death available. For more information see the Guidance note to users on suicide statistics in Northern Ireland.

Figure 1: Great Britain's avoidable mortality rate was statistically significantly higher in 2020 than all years since 2010

Age-standardised avoidable mortality rates by persons, Great Britain and its constituent countries, 2001 to 2020

Source: Office for National Statistics - Deaths registered in England and Wales, National Records of Scotland - Deaths registered in Scotland

Notes:

1. Age-standardised mortality rates are expressed per 100,000 people and standardised to the 2013 European Standard Population.

2. Deaths of non-residents are excluded for England and Wales and included for Great Britain and Scotland.

3. Figures are for deaths registered in each calendar year.

Download this chart

In 2020, 22.8% of all deaths in Great Britain (GB) were considered avoidable (153,008 deaths out of 672,015) with an age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) of 265.9 deaths per 100,000 people (Figure 1). This was statistically significantly higher than all years since 2010.

Scotland had a statistically significantly higher avoidable ASMR in 2020 than England and Wales, with 336.2 deaths per 100,000 people. England had the lowest avoidable ASMR with 256.6 deaths per 100,000 people. Avoidable mortality rates were statistically significantly higher than all years since 2010 for England and 2012 for Scotland and Wales. The general improvement in avoidable ASMR's between 2010 and 2019 has been reversed following the increase in 2020.

Of the avoidable deaths in 2020, 68.6% could be attributed to conditions considered preventable (104,929.5 deaths). Coronavirus (COVID-19) has been assigned as a preventable cause in the avoidable mortality definition. Of the avoidable deaths in 2020, 31.4% could be attributed to treatable conditions (48,078.5 deaths).
Back to table of contents

3. Avoidable mortality by cause

In this section we are focusing on:

coronavirus (COVID-19); a new cause in the avoidable mortality definition

alcohol-related and drug-related disorders; the only category of causes where the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) has statistically significantly increased since 2001

neoplasms (cancers); the largest driving cause of avoidable mortality

Provisional assignment of new diseases

This is a new category created by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in the international definition of avoidable mortality to include COVID-19 as an avoidable cause of death. There are no other causes of death within the category. In 2020, Wales had the highest avoidable ASMR for COVID-19 with 36.1 deaths per 100,000 people. Scotland had the lowest rate with 28.5 deaths per 100,000 people, which was statistically significantly lower than the other two countries. England had 34.9 deaths due to COVID-19 per 100,000 people.

Alcohol-related and drug-related disorders

Figure 2: Avoidable mortality rates increased for alcohol-related and drug-related deaths in 2020 in all countries

Age-standardised avoidable mortality rates for alcohol-related and drug-related disorders by persons, Great Britain's constituent countries, 2001 to 2020

Source: Office for National Statistics - Deaths registered in England and Wales, National Records of Scotland - Deaths registered in Scotland

Notes:

1. Age-standardised mortality rates are expressed per 100,000 people and standardised to the 2013 European Standard Population.

2. Deaths of non-residents are excluded for England and Wales and included for Scotland.

3. Figures are for deaths registered in each calendar year.

Download this chart

In 2020, Scotland had the highest avoidable ASMR for alcohol-related and drug-related deaths with 52.1 deaths per 100,000 people (Figure 2). This was statistically significantly higher than the rates for the other two countries. In comparison, England had the lowest rate with 24.0 deaths per 100,000 people. The ASMRs have fluctuated across the time series and are statistically significantly higher in 2020 compared with 2001 for all countries. Since 2012, avoidable rates from these causes increased by 63.3% in Scotland.

Across the constituent countries, the increase in ASMRs for alcohol-related and drug-related conditions in 2020 was driven by alcoholic liver disease, and accidental poisoning by, and exposure to, other and unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances. More analysis of these findings are provided in our quarterly alcohol-specific deaths and deaths related to drug poisoning publications for England and Wales, and in National Records of Scotland's (NRS') Alcohol-specific deaths and Drug-related deaths publications for Scotland.

Neoplasms (Cancers)

Figure 3: Scotland had the highest avoidable mortality rate for neoplasms (cancers) in 2020

Age-standardised avoidable mortality rates for neoplasms by persons, Great Britain''s constituent countries, 2001 to 2020

Source: Office for National Statistics - Deaths registered in England and Wales, National Records of Scotland - Deaths registered in Scotland

Notes:

1. Age-standardised mortality rates are expressed per 100,000 people and standardised to the 2013 European Standard Population.

2. Deaths of non-residents are excluded for England and Wales, and included for Scotland.

3. Figures are for deaths registered in each calendar year.

Download this chart

In 2020, Scotland had the highest avoidable mortality rate for neoplasms with 98.0 deaths per 100,000 people, which was statistically significantly higher than the other two countries. In contrast, England had a statistically significantly lower mortality rate (77.8 deaths per 100,000 people) than the other two countries.

Since the beginning of the time series, avoidable mortality rates for neoplasms have declined with rates statistically significantly lower in 2020 compared with 2001 for all three constituent countries of Great Britain. The gap between Scotland and England's rates has narrowed since 2001.

Data for all cause groups are available in the accompanying datasets.
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4. Preventable mortality in local authorities in England and unitary authorities in Wales

Figure 4: Age-standardised preventable mortality rates by local authorities in England and unitary authorities in Wales by sex, between 2001 to 2003 and 2018 to 2020

Notes:

1. Age-standardised mortality rates are expressed per 100,000 people and standardised to the 2013 European Standard Population.

2. Figures exclude deaths of non-residents.

3. Figures are for deaths registered in three-year calendar periods.

4. Figures are based on boundaries as of August 2021.

5. Because of low death counts, the Isles of Scilly has been combined with Cornwall and the City of London with Hackney.

Download the data

Preventable mortality refers to causes of death that can be mainly avoided through effective public health and primary prevention interventions. Data for avoidable and treatable mortality are available in the accompanying datasets. For more information on local areas in Scotland, contact National Records of Scotland.

Local authorities in England

In 2018 to 2020, Blackpool had the highest rate of preventable mortality for males with 355.8 deaths per 100,000 males. This was 3.2 times higher than Hart, which had the lowest rate. Blackpool's rate was statistically significantly higher than 98.0% of other local authorities' (LA) in England.

For females, Middlesbrough had the highest rate of preventable mortality in 2018 to 2020 with 205.4 deaths per 100,000 females. This was statistically significantly higher than 96.4% of other LA's. This was also 3.9 times higher than Mid Sussex, which had the lowest rate.

Unitary authorities in Wales

In 2018 to 2020, Merthyr Tydfil had the highest rates of preventable mortality with 288.8 deaths per 100,000 males and 188.6 deaths per 100,000 females. These rates were statistically significantly higher than 57.1% and 81.0% of other unitary authorities' (UA) across Wales respectively. They were respectively 1.9 and 2.2 times higher than Monmouthshire, which had the lowest rates.
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5. Treatable mortality in Clinical Commissioning Groups in England and Health Boards in Wales

Figure 5: Age-standardised treatable mortality rates by Clinical Commissioning Groups in England and Health Boards in Wales by sex, 2001 to 2020

Notes:

1. Age-standardised mortality rates are expressed per 100,000 people and standardised to the 2013 European Standard Population.

2. Figures exclude deaths of non-residents.

3. Figures are for deaths registered in each calendar year.

4. Figures are based on boundaries as of August 2021.

Download the data

Treatable mortality refers to causes of death that can be mainly avoided through timely and effective healthcare interventions. Data for avoidable and preventable mortality are available in the accompanying datasets. For more information on health areas in Scotland, contact National Records of Scotland.

Clinical Commissioning Groups in England

NHS Blackpool Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) had the highest rate of treatable mortality in 2020 for both males and females with rates of 164.2 and 132.2 per 100,000 people respectively. These rates were statistically significantly higher than 83.8% and 81.0% of other CCGs respectively. The male rate was 2.6 times higher than NHS West Suffolk CCG, while the female rate was 2.4 times higher than NHS Herts Valleys CCG, which had the lowest rates respectively.

Health Boards in Wales

In 2020, Swansea Bay University Health Board (HB) had the highest treatable mortality rate for males with 129.1 deaths per 100,000 males. This was statistically significantly higher than 50.0% of other HB's. This was also 1.8 times higher than Powys Teaching HB, which had the lowest rate.

For females Cwm Taf Morgannwg University HB had the highest mortality rate with 99.1 deaths per 100,000 females, 1.3 times higher than Powys Teaching HB, which had the lowest rate.
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Preventable mortality

Preventable mortality refers to causes of death that can be mainly avoided through effective public health and primary prevention interventions (that is, before the onset of diseases or injuries, to reduce incidence).

Treatable mortality

Treatable mortality refers to causes of death that can be mainly avoided through timely and effective healthcare interventions, including secondary prevention and treatment (that is, after the onset of disease, to reduce case-fatality).

Avoidable mortality

Avoidable mortality refers to deaths that are preventable or treatable.

Age-standardised mortality rates

Age-standardised mortality rates are used to allow comparisons between populations which may contain different proportions of people of different ages.

Statistical significance

The term "significant" refers to statistically significant changes or differences. Significance has been determined using the 95% confidence intervals, where instances of non-overlapping confidence intervals between figures indicate the difference is unlikely to have arisen from random fluctuation.
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Figures are calculated using death registration data for England and Wales held by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and death registration data for Scotland provided by the National Records of Scotland.

Defining avoidable mortality

The current definition, proposed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 2017, has been implemented from 2001 onwards.

Our definition of avoidable mortality is different to the measure of avoidable deaths in hospital, which NHS trusts in England are required to publish figures on. More information on this is available in the Avoidable mortality in the UK QMI.

More quality and methodology information on strengths, limitations, appropriate uses, and how the data were created is available in the Avoidable mortality in the UK QMI. The accompanying datasets also include further breakdowns of data.

Early access for quality assurance purposes

We provide early access for quality assurance to a small number of people working in other government bodies. This is to acknowledge use of mortality data we do not own in the case of Scotland, and for general comment on the plausibility of our findings. However, the ONS itself independently produces these statistics, including determining the focus and content of this bulletin.
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9. Strengths and limitations

A strength of avoidable mortality is:

A limitation of avoidable mortality is:

that cause of death data do not account for coding changes that occurred in 2011 and 2014
Back to table of contents

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Avoidable mortality in Great Britain - Office for National Statistics

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In 2020, 22.8% of total deaths (all ages) in Great Britain (GB) were considered avoidable (153,008 deaths out of 672,015). The avoidable mortality rate for GB was statistically significantly higher than all years since 2010; by constituent country, England's was statistically significantly highest since 2010 and Wales' and Scotland's since 2012.

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Toward a Theory of Sociological Intervention

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Toward a Theory of Sociological Intervention

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Toward a theory of sociological intervention

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Social Work and Social Policy Practice: Imperatives forPolitical Engagement

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Social Work and Social Policy Practice: Imperatives forPolitical Engagement

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Historical perspective for changes in demography and cultural influences notes 

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Historical perspective for changes in demography and cultural influences notes 

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Changes affecting trends in attitudes in the ageing process

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Changes affecting trends in attitudes in the ageing process

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The Impact of Migration on UK Population Growth (2019)

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The Impact of Migration on UK Population Growth (2019)

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THE IMPACT OFPOPULATION CHANGE ANDDEMOGRAPHY ON FUTUREINFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND - National Infrastructure Commission (2016)

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THE IMPACT OFPOPULATION CHANGE ANDDEMOGRAPHY ON FUTUREINFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND - National Infrastructure Commission (2016)

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Inequality Briefing - Inequality in the UK

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40 years after Thatcher: Inequality in the UK - BBC Newsnight

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Does income inequality causehealth and social problems? (JRF)

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Does income inequality causehealth and social problems? (JRF)

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Household income inequality, UK financial year ending 2020 (ONS)

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Household income inequality, UK financial year ending 2020 (ONS)

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Household income inequality, UK financial year ending 2020 (provisional)

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The real state of living below the poverty line in Britain (2016)

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The real state of living below the poverty line in Britain (2016)

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Four million British workers live in poverty, charity says (2018)

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Four million British workers live in poverty, charity says (2018)

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Four million British workers live in poverty, charity says

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Number of workers entering poverty rising faster than employment, says Joseph Rowntree Foundation

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Poverty in the UK - Government Report (March 2021)

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Poverty in the UK - Government Report (March 2021)

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Labour market overview, UK March 2021 (ONS)

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Labour market overview, UK March 2021 (ONS)

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House of Commons: Poverty in the UK: statistics (Oct 2021)

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House of Commons: Poverty in the UK: statistics (Oct 2021)

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Effects of taxes and benefits on UKhousehold income: financial year ending 2019 (ONS)

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Effects of taxes and benefits on UKhousehold income: financial year ending 2019 (ONS)

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Effects of taxes and benefits on UK household income -  financial  year ending 2019

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The Culture of Poverty by Oscar Lewis (1966)

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The Culture of Poverty by Oscar Lewis (1966)

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Characteristics and benefits of training atwork, UK: 2017 (ONS)

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Characteristics and benefits of training atwork, UK: 2017 (ONS)

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Characteristics and benefits of training at work. UK - 2017

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The existence and persistence of poverty

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The existence and persistence of poverty

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Defining Vulnerability: From theConceptual to the Operational

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Defining Vulnerability: From theConceptual to the Operational

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Largely relates to policing

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Defining Vulnerability - From the Conceptual to the Operational - Clok version Aug 2017

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Miscellaneous notes (incl erikson, various theories of social work practice)

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Miscellaneous notes (incl erikson, various theories of social work practice)

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anti-oppressive practice powerpoint weeks 2 and 3

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anti-oppressive practice powerpoint weeks 2 and 3

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DeBono activity (slide 24 of powerpoint) (8 mins)

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DeBono activity (slide 24 of powerpoint) (8 mins)

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Six thinking hats (slide 23 of powerpoint) (5 mins)

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Six thinking hats (slide 23 of powerpoint) (5 mins)

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An introduction to the Six Thinking Hats

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What Is Six Thinking Hats? (slide 23 of powerpoint) (2 mins)

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What Is Six Thinking Hats? (slide 23 of powerpoint) (2 mins)

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Undercover Care   Documentary Heaven   Watch Free Documentaries Online

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an introduction to social work (open university)

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an introduction to social work (open university)

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Victoria Derbyshire interviews Naomi Elliott 're. Black mental health (slide 39): NB - the sound on this recording is not good so you will have to turn up the volume on your pc.

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Victoria Derbyshire interviews Naomi Elliott 're. Black mental health (slide 39): NB - the sound on this recording is not good so you will have to turn up the volume on your pc.

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Victoria Derbyshire interviews Naomi Elliott 're. Black mental health

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Undercover Care Documentary Heaven Watch Free Documentaries Online (slide 36)

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Undercover Care Documentary Heaven Watch Free Documentaries Online (slide 36)

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Undercover Care   Documentary Heaven   Watch Free Documentaries Online

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Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in the Care Home (slide 16)

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Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in the Care Home (slide 16)

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Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in the Care Home