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https://alphahistory.com/nazigermany/the-great-depression/

https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/medicare/medic-2c01e.shtml

https://www.therecord.com/opinion-story/2628477-the-great-depression-hit-canada-the-hardest/

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Both had problems due to the land also. After the war, the land was left very poor in Germany, and in Canada there were many natural disasters. Both suffered greatly because of that.

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The Canadian government did make relief camps for unemployed people which provided some work for low wages and getting rid of the threat of having so many jobless people. The state used force to stop social discontent, which was made famous in 1935 when the unemployed workers organized an “On-to-Ottawa Trek.”  A clash left one officer dead and a trekker ended up dying from wounds which made the movement soon fizzle out.

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Reduction of Trade leads to Economic Downfall

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Reduction of Trade leads to Economic Downfall

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In 1930, Hoover signed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which led to retail tariffs and a reduction of trade. This was harmful to Canada because it was the largest trading partner with America. Most prices of tradable goods fell drastically, and the act sent major pulp and paper companies from Canada into bankruptcy. Manufacturing as a whole declined even more than 50 per cent.

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Canada’s biggest toll was on its prairies. They suffered heavily from drought, deprivation, and plagues of grasshoppers. The land became terrible. One in twelve people left the region forever after the depression, and most of the province of Saskatchewan had turned into a wasteland ravaged by natural disasters. Although prime minister R.B. Bennett tried to copy the new deal, it was short lived and stuck down by the Privy Council in London.

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Like most countries, Germany and Canada were both hit by the Great Depression. Both countries suffered from economic loss because of loans from the United States. Then because of tariffs, the countries suffered even more. Because of this, many were unemployed in both places, and the jobless and their dependents suffered greatly from hunger and health problems.

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There was a lot of literal human misery in addition to the unemployment. Many went hungry and there was a lot of health issues due to lack of funds. R.B. Bennett’s conservative government first didn’t want to spend extra federal money or expand the role of the government because he believed that free enterprise and tariffs would help to protect the Canadian industries. He also believed that they would help to gain access to export markets. Neither of his policies had the desired effect on the Great Depression in Canada, though. People came out of the depression knowing exactly what poverty felt like, and they then knew that there was a need for health care.

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During the Great Depression, Canadians also suffered much poverty from unemployment. One in five Canadians depended on relief from the government in order to survive. Because so many were unemployed, they weren’t able to volunteer and provincial governments couldn’t relieve the suffering of the jobless and their families. This prompted public demands for the federal government to solve the problem through make-work projects.

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Strikers from Unemployed Relief Camps - Library and Archives Canada

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Strikers from Unemployed Relief Camps - Library and Archives Canada

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The German government didn’t respond effectively  and Heinrich Bruning feared inflation and budget deficits more than unemployment. He opted to increase taxes and implement wage cuts and spending reductions. His policies were rejected and they ended up increasing Germany’s unemployment and suffering. The person who benefitted from this was Adolf Hitler. With the public being discontented, his party became more popular. The Nazis won 230 seats in the July 1932 election because of their new increase in popularity.

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By early 1930's, there was little demand for Germany’s products and the United States put up tariffs to protect its companies. Companies had a sharp downfall or export sales, and many factories were forced to close or downsize. By 1932, German production had gone to 58 percent of where it was in 1928. Many were left unemployed and at the end of 1929, 1.5 million Germans were jobless, and within a year this was twice as many. This number became 6 million by 1933.

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German Economy goes down as Result of Depression in America

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German Economy goes down as Result of Depression in America

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Germans were more reliant on American loans than they were on production or exports. The loans finished in 1929 because American financiers called in outstanding foreign loans. Banks have trouble providing money and credit, and their consumers didn’t have confidence in them. Several major banks folded by 1931.