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Key points

Two factors influence our values and expectations.

Motivation is generally described as the force that drives us to pursue a goal. Where does this feeling of resolve come from? The answer is the overall benefit of a goal pursuit, to which two factors contribute -the subjective value of goal pursuit and the perceived likelihood of successful goal pursuit (Value x Likelihood). In other words, the strength of people's commitment to something depends on its value to them and the chance that the value will, in fact, occur.

The relationship between these two factors is multiplicative (Value x Likelihood). This means that there will be no motivation to the goal pursuit if the value of the goal is zero, no matter how high the likelihood of success. Similarly, there will be no motivation if the expected chance is quite low.

The goal of using drugs is formed in the same way as any other goal. It is determined largely by, first, the value that the person places on drugs and, second, the person's expected chances of being able to get the desired benefits from their use. This view can be applied to explain the reasons why people decide to drink. The decision to drink alcohol will depend on the value that the person attributes to drinking alcohol-to elevate positive mood, alleviate negative mood and anxiety, or increase confidence -and the person's expectation that these outcomes will actually happen.

Let's consider several factors that are likely to lead to an increased motivation to consume alcohol. These factors influence values and expectancies.
1. Past Experiences
Past experiences with alcohol help to shape people's current value and the expectations that they place on drinking alcohol. Alcohol users may recall their previous positive experiences with alcohol, and this may increase their motivation to drink. A negative experience will do the opposite. The experience of alcohol flush reactions (e.g., body flushes and nausea) after ingestion negatively affects the value of drinking alcohol. The flush reaction is more common in Asian populations but can occur among other groups as well. People with this reaction experience drinking alcohol as less pleasurable than others do, and they have lower drinking rates.
2. Impulsive Personality
Impulsive individuals consistently choose rewards that are immediately available, despite the negative future consequences of those choices. They will value drugs or alcohol because of their rewarding properties. Heavy drinkers are more impulsive than light drinkers and, consequently, use more alcohol.
3. Stress
People experiencing aversive psychological symptoms value drinking alcohol, because it helps to alleviate their negative feelings. The drinking removes, at least temporarily, the stress of anxiety.
4. Social Norms
From a motivational perspective, social norms affect the value that individuals place on drug use. Social norms are the behavioral expectations within a community. For example, in many western societies, alcohol is used at specific events and regular times, such as Friday evening after work. Such a norm limits and controls the use. For example, students drink more on campuses that have a strong drinking culture.
5. Environment
Exposure to alcohol-related cues increases the craving for alcohol, and therefore the value of drinking. On the other hand, financial influence, such as taxation, makes drinking less attractive: Evidence shows that simply raising the price of an alcoholic beverage by 10 percent reduces alcohol consumption by 7 percent.

In sum, the motivational perspective predicts that people will be motivated to use addictive substances to the extent they expect that doing so will result in desirable effects that they want to achieve. Otherwise, they would not find it so appealing.

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The motivational perspective predicts that people will be motivated to use addictive substances to the extent that they expect that doing so will result in desirable effects.

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If you are a heavy drinker you will drink because you think it is relieving to stress. What they don't know is that it is actually putting more stress on our body because it is more that your body has to deal with. Your body takes in more so that makes your insides compress and you will feel achy and not want to do anything and you may loose your ability to move. Others just want to have a fun time if out with friends or at a party.

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When teens are asked why other kids drink they say that they wonder what it tastes like or cause their friends re doing it and they wanted to be cool. What they really don't know is that they are being manipulated by these alcohol companies because they see adults doing it and think that is is okay to do that. If kids know that they might get in trouble it makes them want to do it more because they think that it is cool because they are doing something they shouldn't. Kids need to learn that there are consequences to their actions. For more information on kids drinking please look at https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/alcohol.html?WT.ac=ctg#catalcohol

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When drinking you can become very aggressive. Your temper can start to get high and you can make very bad decisions. Your coordination is  very off balance. If you drink to much you can get a disease called alcoholism. Memory loss is also something that can happen to you if consuming a lot o alcohol. If drinking when pregnant, the baby will be affect in a bad way.

https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1007/beer

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If you ever need help trying to get clean please call 1-800-662-4357

https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/national-helpline