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Domain 1: Forming a Question or Hypothesis

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Domain 1: Forming a Question or Hypothesis

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Question: How would the change in temperature of the water, affect the rate of the chemical reaction?

Background: Many understand the chemical reaction that occurs when an Alka-Seltzer makes contact with a solvent such as water but, how would the change in water temperature affect the rate of reaction?  The Alka-Seltzer is a combination of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), citric acid (C6H8O7), and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), which is commonly used for medical purposes by dissolving the solute, a substance that is meant to dissolve into a liquid, in a solvent, which is the liquid that a substance (solute) is able to dissolve in, such as water (water is a compound made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen molecule)-causing an immediate chemical reaction resulting in an effervescence. A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of the molecular structure of a substance, due to the interaction of 2 or more substances. Signs of such processes include: bubbling (which in this case is the periodical effervescence), change in color, formation of precipitation, temperature change, production of light, change in smell or taste, and volume change. The parts of a chemical reaction are the reactants-the starting materials of a chemical reaction, and the product, which is the resulting factor of the experiment. Science concepts that came in mind was the following:

The Amount of solute/The Size of the particle

The Amount of solvent

The type of solvent

The Amount of solute, which also ties into the size of the particle has the person performing the experiment to observe and analyze the rate of reaction caused by the various different sizes of the Alka-Seltzer tablet. The Amount of solvent has the person performing the experiment to analyze and observe the differences within the rate of reaction caused by the various and different amount of the water that the Alka-Seltzer is being put into. And the type of the solvent requires the person performing the experiment to use different liquids to drop the Alka-Seltzer into and observe and analyze the results of the change in the rate of reaction. These science concepts are easily related to my science concept because, both science concepts are trying to analyze the difference within the rate of reaction because of the control and variable within the experiment. Although, I have never used Alka-Seltzers for medical purposes, in the past, I have performed a very similar lab-involving the usage of Alka-Seltzers and the different temperatures of water. I was required to put both substances into a capsule with a secured lid and time how long it took for the reactants, to build up pressure within the sealed capsule and blow the lid off. From past experience, the cold water had a quicker affect-influencing my hypothesis of this experiment, because depending on the temperature of matter -will determine the pace of the vibration that occurs within the molecular structure of whatever the substance is. Simply varying from a fast action-packed vibration to a slow vibration/movement within the compacted atoms within the substance. As heat is applied to an object, the molecules within the object begin to brush up against each causing a greater value within the volume of the substance.

Hypothesis: If I am measuring the rate of the chemical reaction using 3 different temperatures of water, then I believe that the cold water would have a quicker effect on the reaction, because of my past experiences with a similar investigation and my common knowledge, I understand that depending on the matters temperature, will both affect and determine how quick the compacted molecules within whatever substance would move quicker if it were hot and slow if it were cold. And therefore, build up as much volume as possible.

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Materials:

120 mL of hot (boiling) water

120 mL of ice cold water

120 mL of room temperature/tap water

500 mL translucent beaker

9 Alka-Seltzer tablets

Timer/Stopwatch

Pitcher or jug

Teapot

Mittens (oven mittens)

Procedures:

1. Assemble the materials that are necessary to perform the upcoming procedures.

2. Fill the 500 mL beaker with 40mL of the control (room temperature/tap water).

3. Grab the beaker with the 40 mL of the control and an Alka-Seltzer tablet and head over to a lab station or wherever you plan to perform eh lab.

4. Drop the solute (Alka-Seltzer) into the solvent (water).

5. Time until the chemical reaction stops (the effervescence stops) and record your time and observations on the pages/sections required.

6.  Repeat steps:2-4 two more times for accuracy.

7. With the times recorded, find your average. (Convert the time into seconds-if not already. Add up all of the seconds together. And then divide the sum by 3-giving you your average. Feel free to include the average on the graphs and charts required.)

8. Repeat steps:2-7 but, this time prepare variable #1 (hot water); (With the permission, supervision, and help of a parental figure or adult-boil 120 mL of water. When dealing with the hot water, use oven mittens at all times).

9. Repeat steps:2-7 but, this time prepare the variable #2 (ice cold water); (Fill a jug or pitcher with 120 mL of water from the coldest setting, and put ice into the container- and it is ready to use).

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Observations:

Control (room temperature/tap water): As soon as I had dropped the Alka-Seltzer tablet into the room temperature water and started my timer, I noticed almost immediate changes. For all 3 trials, depending on the height that the Alka-Seltzer was dropped into the solvent, the slute would touch the bottom of the beaker-and from then on stay afloat for the rest of the time that I was testing with the room temperature water. Then, I also observed the increasing pace of the solute dissolving in the water-which created a silent yet visible foaming/bubbling sound. The Alka-Seltzer was surrounded with a small crowd of bubbles-which pushed the ALka-Seltzer to the side of the beaker. In the end, no particle was left of the solute, except a small amount of bubbles which formed at the bottom of the beaker-with a glossy coat, and a vinegary smell but, no change in temperature of the water.

Variable #1 (hot water): As soon as the Alka-Seltzer made contact with the water, there was an immediate and vigorous fizzing followed by a or louder boost of the fizzing/bubbling then the effect that the room temperature had. The Alka-Seltzer stayed afloat-being pushed to the side of the vigorously and quickly than the room temperature water. In the end, not a particle was left except, a slight form of precipitation around the top of the beaker-accompanied by a strong vinegary smell which became unbearably sweet and a hotter change in temperature of the water.

Variable #2 (ice cold water): As soon as the Alka-Seltzer made contact with the water, there was a slow reaction; the Alka-Seltzer sank to the bottom of the beaker as the effervescence flew to the top of the beaker, giving off very little sound. The Alka-Seltzer moved slowly around the bottom of the beaker-pushed by the bubbles as a product of the effervescence. In the end, I found no change in the temperature of water, nor a vinegary or somewhat sweet scent, but the unfinished particles of the Alka-Seltzer at the bottom of the beaker.

Graph & Data Table: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1fDIh_vcgkw8M5_xiEXVaKd1r76L3xu8WX3wn6daIsak/edit#gid=0

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Domain 4: Analyzing and Interpreting Results

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Domain 4: Analyzing and Interpreting Results

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Conclusion: My procedures consisted of dropping an Alka-Seltzer into a translucent beaker and timing the rate of the chemical reaction. Once each trial was completely performed, I would record my time and observations in detail on the sheets required. After analyzing my results, it has come to my attention that the hot temperature water had the fastest reaction-proving my hypothesis wrong with the average of 38 seconds, and the slowest rate of the chemical reaction was the cold temperature water with the average of 102.6 repeating seconds, leaving the room temperature/tap water to be very average-meaning no exemplary differences found within the rate of the chemical reactions throughout the three trials performed with the average of 52.3 repeating seconds. As a result of my data, it is self-evident that my hypothesis was incorrect because, the higher the temperature of the water- the faster the molecules within the liquid move, creating more vigorous bubbles as a result of the sodium bicarbonate being hit with hydrogen at the right spot making the solute dissolve more quickly in the hot temperature water. During the lab, some reoccurring errors had affected the times received during the multiple trials of testing, some including: non-equivalent amounts of ice cubes for the trials performed for the ice cold water variable trials, occasionally the Alka-Seltzer would get stuck on top of the ice cubes for the ice cold water variable testing, the stopwatch would start a little later from when the Alka-Seltzer made contact with the water or just went a little too soon, for the third trial of the ice cold water testing an Alka-Seltzer was chipped inside of the package, and for the third trial for the hot water testing-the left over water on our hands initiated the chemical reaction with the Alka-Seltzer.  These errors all have their own way of affecting the results, the chip in the tablet could lower the time for the results because, there would much to dissolve as a normal tablet. The fact that the Alka-Seltzer occasionally stayed on top of the ice could affect the time recorded because, the tablet would not be completely surrounded in the water making the dissolving inefficient and possibly slower. Plus the unequivalent ice being used would make the temperature higher or lower than other trials, also messing up the timing. And the hand-held timer, which would not start occasionally when supposed to would either add additional time or miss some of the time and because, we are not completely sure on how much time was missed we cannot and could not add any time because, that in general would make things worse. Basically, the results that we have gathered are not and cannot be completely reliable. From doing this experiment, I have learned that not only can the difference in water temperature affect the rate of the chemical reaction that occurs from interaction between the solvent and the solute but, that the difference of the temperature waters would also cause different observations-whether it was the residue found at the bottom of the beaker or even the level of the build up of the effervescence. This information that I have been able to obtain can be interpreted and used in the real world- dealing with whether someone is trying to use the Alka-seltzer and is in a hurry-this information can be useful towards them, allowing them to pour hot water in a glass and plop that table in, the person will be able to feel better in no time. And lastly, other measurable questions that may apply towards my type of investigation include the following:

How would the different temperatures of water affect the effervescence created?

How would the different temperatures of water affect the quality of the medicine?

How would the different temperatures of water affect my observations?