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Description of the location:
This location is the southernmost municipality of Stuttgart, which is 10 km far from the city center. The area is nearly 13.07 km2 and geographically located in 48°42’28.52”N and 9°11’49.45”E, which elevated 384 m above the sea level. This region belong different varieties of apple cultivars such as Bittenfelder Saemling, Brettacher, Champagner Renette, Coulons Renette, Cox Orange, Gewuerzluiken, Glockenapfel, Goldparmaene, Hohe Wart, Jakob Lebel, Kaiser Wilhelm, Kruegers Dickstiel, Maunzenapfel, Rheinischer Krummstiel, Schoener aus Boskoop, Schwaikheimer Rambur, Sonnenwirtsapfel, Spaetbluehender Tafelapfel, Transparent aus Croncels, Unseldapfel, Welschisner, Zabergaeurenette and Coulons Renette.
This location is limited to urban structure to the east, a research plant station in north and extends to a woodland area in west and south direction.

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A) Map
B) Arial picture
Google map (Google earth, 48°42’28.52”N and 9°11’49.45”E )

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However the area encompasses a higher number of endemic plants and insect species, but the focus of our activity was on the larval-parasitoids of apple pest communities.
Eleven species of Torticidae and one species of Gelechiidae as herbivore community were identified. The parasitoids communities presented as five and six species from families of Braconidae and Ichneumonidae, respectively. One species of Perilampidae was also found in the inventory.

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This are is not a "hotspot" area but it enjoys a high larval-parasitoid diversity due to type of plant protection management, which receives minimal pesticide inputs, and human perturbations (semi-abandoned management).
Its biodiversity index (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson) is higher than the adjacent apple orchard (located on north of the targeted area by integrated management) representing a higher human perturbation and chemical inputs.
A deciduous forest (located west part of map) provides a source of alternative hosts for larval-parasitoids and the ecological infrastructure (scattered shrubs, grassy patches, and corridors) connects different patches, enhance the permeability of natural enemy adults among patches and facilitates the distribution of adult parasitoids, which eventually increase the percentage of parasitism of apple pest herbivore communities.
Low mulching activities provides a diversity of flowering non-crop plants, which contributes to feed and provide shelter for the natural enemies.

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Food web complexity and anthropogenic disturbance 

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Food web complexity and anthropogenic disturbance 

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The management type could affect the trophic links among interacting species.