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A camera that uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm.

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Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format, measuring 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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Crop factor is the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame.

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A fixed focal length photographic lens (as opposed to a zoom lens), typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2.

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A zoom lens is a mechanical assembly of lens elements for which the focal length (and thus angle of view) can be varied, as opposed to prime lens.

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You create and manipulate your documents and files using various elements, such as panels, bars, and windows. Any arrangement of these elements is called a workspace.

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Toolbar contains the main tools for working on images, it also indicates if the tool also has additional options available.

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Photoshop contains over two dozen layers that can be shown or hidden by using the Window menu and selecting the one you wish to reveal. Palettes are layers

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Located at the very top of the program, the menu bar is used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more.

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The Options bar Control panel displays options for the currently selected tool.

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Describes the intensity of the colors within an image (vivid primary colors are highly saturated, while pastel colors are unsaturated).

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The global adjustment of the intensities of the colors (typically red, green, and blue primary colors).

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop Toolbox.

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The zoom tool allows you to zoom in on the image to get a better idea of the actual pixel makeup of a section you are working on.

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The hand tool helps you to move around in an image document quickly and works similarly to a scroll bar, enabling you to do your work more quickly.

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The Crop Tool cuts out a defined area deleting or hiding the rest of an image.

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It basically describes how square (1:1) or wide (16:9) or image is. It's expressed as a figure, like this: width:height (width always comes first).

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Used to straighten a crooked image by holding and dragging the mouse in a line for the image to align off of.

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The paint bucket tool fills an area of an image based on color similarity.

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The brush tool is an element of the painting tool that allows you to select a brush shape (square, circle, oval and so on) and also the the thickness in pixels you want to paint on your image with.

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The Lasso tool is useful for drawing freeform segments of a selection border. Hold mouse button to draw.

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The Magic Wand Tool, known simply as the Magic Wand, is one of the oldest selection tools in Photoshop. Unlike other selection tools that select pixels in an image based on shapes or by detecting object edges, the Magic Wand selects pixels based on tone and color.

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Polygonal Lasso Tool. Similar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges.

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You can use the Quick Selection tool to quickly “paint” a selection using an adjustable round brush tip. As you drag, the selection expands outward and automatically finds and follows defined edges in the image.

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The Marquee tool is the most basic of selection tools and often the one most useful. This tool is used to draw selections based on geometric shapes. Specifically, the marquee tool allows you to draw rectangular and elliptical selections. To form the selection, simply click and drag the mouse.

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The spot healing brush is the default healing tool in Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area.

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The Healing Brush tool allows you to fix image imperfections such as scratches, blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding area or using a predefined pattern you can blend the imperfections into the rest of the image.

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When the patch tool is selected, it initially operates in a lasso selection mode that can be used to define the area to patch from or patch to.

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Allows you to duplicate part of an image. The process involves setting a sampling point in the image which will be used as a reference to create a new cloned area.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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This tool lightens an area on an image

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This tool darkens an area on an image.

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The Sponge Tool saturates and desaturates image areas.

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The Blur Tool is used to paint a blur effect. Each stroke made using the Blur Tool will lower the contrast between affected pixels, making them appear blurred.

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Sharpening enhances the definition of edges in an image.

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The Smudge tool simulates the effect you see when you drag a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag.

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Red eye in portraits is caused when the flash source is used too close to the lens axis and the pupils of the eye are wide open. Failing that, the red eye tool in Photoshop is an easy-to-use tool for removing red eye from photographs that have been taken with a direct flash source.

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The Gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own.

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Layer masks are a fundamental tool in image manipulations. They allow you to selectively modify the opacity of the layer they belong to. This differs from the use of the layer Opacity slider as a mask has the ability to selectively modify the opacity of different areas across a single layer.

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The Adjustment Layers in Photoshop are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels. With the adjustment layers, you can edit and discard your adjustments or restore your original image at any time.

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A type of lens that is suitable for taking photographs close to the subject.

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A very wide-angle lens with a field of vision covering up to 180°, the scale being reduced toward the edges. These short focal lengths create panoramic or hemispherical photos.

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It stands for High Dynamic Range. It means that your camera will process photos slightly differently than normal in order to capture greater detail from bright and dark areas in your photo.

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A reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center.

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The Horizontal Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer. In the Toolbox, select the Horizontal Type Tool.

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Middle gray or middle grey is a tone that is perceptually about halfway between black and white on a lightness scale; in photography, and printing, it is typically defined as 18% reflectance in visible light.

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The camera determines a proper exposure not on the average brightness levels of the whole frame, but just of one specific spot. (measured using just 2.5% of the scenery)

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Same as spot metering except it takes the exposure from approximately 6.5% of the viewfinder area.

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Center-weighted Metering evaluates the light in the middle of the frame and its surroundings and ignores the corners.

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Divides the entire frame into multiple “zones”, which are then all analyzed on individual basis for light and dark tones.