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On May 20th there was a massacre in the great temple. Spanish soldiers killed a group of  Aztec nobles in the templo mayor. On June 29th there was a Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire, ruler of the Aztec triple alliance was killed. On June 30th Spaniard Hernan Cortes lost hundreds of men when trying to escape Tenochtitlan.

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Fall of Tenochtitlan, Tenochtitlan was taken by Spanish forces, Tlatoani Cuauhtemoc was take as a prisoner.

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War of the Spanish succession, On April 11th The treaty of was signed, under which Great Britain, Savoy, Portugal, and the United Provinces recognized Philip V of Spain of the house of  Bourbon as king of Spain, ending the war. In exchange, Philip renounced the right to pass the throne to the heirs.

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Philip abdicated in favor of his son Louis I Spain. On August 31st Louis died of small pox.

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The Society of Jesus was expelled from New Spain. The autonomous commandancy general of the Provincial internas was established under teodoro de croix in the northern provinces of New Spain.

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Grito de delores, the Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla encouraged his congregation to revolt against the Spanish Crown in a speech made at Delores. Mexican war of independence, after Hidalgo orders Juan Antonio Riano the surrender of Guanajuato, the insurgent troops led by Jose Mariano Abasolo and ignacio camargo take  the city. On October 30th, Insurgent forces under Hidalgo and Ignacio Allende defeated Spanish troops at Ocoyoacac.

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Miguel Hidalgo is executed by the Spanish. The War of Independence ends and Mexico declares its independence on September 27th. Agustin de Iturbide is declared the first Emperor of Mexico Guadalupe Victoria takes office as the first President of Mexico. Mexico becomes a republic. Santa Anna becomes president for the first time. The Texas Revolution begins.

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The Mexican army led by Santa Anna is defeated by the Texans led by Sam Houston at the Battle of San Jacinto. Texas declares its independence from Mexico as the Republic of Texas The Mexican American war begins begins. The United States Army occupies Mexico City.

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The Mexican-American War ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The U.S. gains territory including California, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada.

Mexico sells portions of New Mexico and Arizona to the United States as part of the Gasden Purchase.

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Santa Anna is exiled from Mexico.The French invade Mexico and make Maximilian from Austria as president in 1864. Benito Jaurez expels the French and becomes president.