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Did you know that African Americans in the 1950s couldn't go to the same school as white Americans? On buses and trains, they had to sit in a different section from white passengers. African Americans had to go to different hospitals  and shops and they couldn't eat in the same restaurants with white Americans. The law at the time said African Americans had to live separate lives from white Americans.

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Martin Luther King was born on 15 th January 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, a big city in the south of the States. He came from a religious family: his father and grandfather were both ministers in the church and he became a minister, too. He became the leader of the Civil Rights Movement in the USA. The Civil Rights Movement wanted Africa Americans to have the same right to freedom and equality as white Americans.

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In 1955, he organised the famous bus boycott in the city of Montgomery. The boycott began when the police arrested a 42-year-old African_American woman called Rosa Parks for refusing to give her seat on a bus to a white passenger. For 382 days, black people refused to use the buses in protest against segregration.
The boycott worked and the Supreme Court made the decision to end segregation on buses.

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During the boycott, Martin Luther King was arrested, insulted, attacked and had his house bombed, but he didn't give up.
After the Supreme Court's decision, he continued his fight against racism. He was inspired by Gandhi, who believed that peacful protest was the way to change the world.

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Martin Luther King led many peaceful marches, the largest of which was the March on Washington in 1963. Around 250,000 people joined it and, under the Lincoln Memorial he gave his "I have a dream" speech. This speech has become one of the most famous speeches of all time.

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I have a dream - Martin Luther King and the March on Washington in full HD | Framepool

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In 1964, the US government passed the Civil Rights Act, which banned segregation completely. Martin Luther King was also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in the same year, but he continued to fight for equality. He also spoke out against poverty and Vietnam War.
Tragically, on 4th April 1968 a man called James Earl Ray shot Martin Luther King and killed him in Memphis, Tennessee.

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segregation: segregazione (razziale);
ministers: predicatori;
give up: arrendersi;
march: marcia;
bann: proibire.
law: legge
lives: vite (pl. di life=vita)
right: diritto
equality: uguaglianza

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Collect information about another civil or human right activist (e.g. Mahatma Gandhi, Rosa Parks, Nelson Mandela, Malala).
Use these headings:

date and place of birth

early years

actions

achievements.

Add photos/videos and a famous quotation from that person.

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8.  ISTRUZIONI PER SVOLGERE IL COMPITO (9. Over to you)

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8.  ISTRUZIONI PER SVOLGERE IL COMPITO (9. Over to you)

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Per inserire il tuo post clicca sul bottone rosa in basso a dx dello schermo.
RICORDA di inserire il tuo nome e cognome (Titolo) prima di tutto.
Puoi inserire del testo semplicemente scrivendo, oppure puoi arricchirlo  inserendo anche un link, un video, un'immagine cliccando sulle icone che trovi in fondo al tuo post.  Ti consiglio di aprire per prima l'icona a dx con i tre puntini ... perchè scoprirai un modo semplice per caricare file, immagini, video ecc... E' tutto molto intuitivo!

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... that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character."

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Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, a city in the Indian state of Gujarat, from a wealthy family, made up of merchants, traders, bankers. In 1882, at the age of 13, Gandhi married a girl, with an arranged marriage according to the Hindu tradition, she was daughter of a businessman from Porbandar. Gandhi, in 1886, at the age of eighteen, three years after the tragic death of his father, left to study as a lawyer at University College London. In the British capital, Gandhi adapted to English habits, dressing and trying to live like a true gentleman.

THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE OF INDIA
Gandhi's first great successes were realized in the years 1917-1918 and refer to the abolition of full-time Indian immigration to South Africa, he created an organization of volunteers and with their help begins a campaign of cleaning the villages, the construction of schools and hospitals.
The local authority tries to try him for "disturbing public order" in the presence of hundreds of thousands of demonstrators near the court. When Gandhi learned that the farmers of Kheda were unable to pay taxes due to a severe famine, Gandhi organized the peasants, instructed them on satyagraha and promoted their strike which lasted until an agreement was reached, after 21 days. It is from this moment that Gandhi is baptized by the Bapu people and his fame extends to all of India.

THE SALT MARCH
In March 1930 Gandhi waged a campaign against the salt tax and the regime that raised it. Thus begins the famous Salt March which starts with seventy-eight satyagrahis from the Sabarmati ashram in Ahmedabad on March 12 and ends in Dandi on April 6, 1930 after 380 km of walking. Arriving on the shores of the Indian Ocean, Gandhi and his supporters extract salt in open violation of the royal monopoly and are imitated by the thousands of Indians who joined during the march.
This campaign, one of the most successful in the history of India's non-violent independence, is brutally repressed by the British empire, which reacts by imprisoning more than 60,000 people. Gandhi and many members of Congress are also arrested. Several satyagrahis are also beaten by the authorities during their attempts at non-violent raids on salt pans and salt deposits.

THE MURDER
On January 30, 1948, at the Birla House, in New Delhi, while going to the garden for the usual ecumenical prayer at 17:00, accompanied by his two great-grandchildren Abha and Manu, Gandhi was assassinated with three pistol shots by Nathura Godse , a Hindu fanatic. Godse held Gandhi responsible for settlements to the new government of Pakistan and the Muslim factions, not least the payment of the debt owed to Pakistan. Before shooting, Godse bends over in reverence in front of Gandhi and, after the killing, tries to blend in with the crowd and escape;  when he realizes he is risking lynching, however, he slows down, allowing law enforcement to capture him. The trial against him began in January 1949 and ended on 8 November of the same year with a death sentence.

“It's the actions that count. Our thoughts, however good they may be, are false pearls until they are transformed into actions. Be the change you want to see in the world.”

-Mahatma Gandhi.

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NELSON MANDELA  was born in a strong and sunny month, on July 18, 1918 in South Africa and it is immediately clear that no one will be able to contrast his certainties: from the young refusal to marry, a girl assigned to him by the chieftain, up to the struggles against violations of the rights of workers. He graduated in law in 1944 and began political militancy in the ANC, an initially peaceful struggle against apartheid, discrimination and racial segregation.The bloody episode of the massacre of 69 members of the ANC by the regime dates back to 1960, but Mandela miraculously manages to escape and escape. This mournful event will forever mark the life of the South African leader. Nelson Mandela comes out much stronger.The armed struggle then began, determined to overthrow the regime but in 1963, Mandela was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment on charges of high treason. Mandela dedicates his whole life to the ideals in which he firmly believes, sacrifices personal affections and benefits that are due to him, being descended from a royal family; he promises it in a famous speech of 1962 before the judges who are about to pronounce the sentence. Here is an excerpt of his harangue: “I am ready to pay the penalty even though I know how sad and desperate the situation is for an African in a prison in this country. I have been in these prisons and I know how strong discrimination is, even behind the walls of a prison, against Africans ... In any case, these considerations will not distract me or others like me from the path I have taken. For men, freedom in their land is the pinnacle of their aspirations. Nothing can distract them from this goal. More powerful than fear of the inhuman life of the prison is anger at the terrible conditions in which my people are subject out of prison, in this country ... I have no doubt that posterity will pronounce themselves for my innocence and that the criminals who should be brought before this court are members of the government. " And again: "I nurtured the ideal of a free and democratic society in which all people live together in harmony ... This is an ideal for which I live and which I hope to achieve. But if it is necessary, it is an ideal for which I am ready to die. " During the 27 years of prison, of internal struggle also for the rights of prisoners, from food to more dignified clothing, his mother and brother die, his children have grown up but this slender man has strengthened his soul and made stronger consciences.Wrangler Nelson does not give up, does not give in, does not give up the fight, whether it is a stool to rest the workers of the mines, or that the right balance must be found with uncompromising politicians.He will never accept being released on a conditional basis: in 1985 the then President of South Africa Botha proposed to release Mandela, provided that he renounces the armed struggle. We will have to wait another 5 years in prison before finally seeing him free. It's 1990.Nelson Mandela received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993, together with President De Klerk, for his commitment to democratic South Africa but since the early 1990s, the ANC had suspended armed struggle; Mandela becomes its President and makes Forgiveness his password.With the victory of the ANC in the country's first interracial elections in May 1994, the President and charismatic leader gives a reception for the widows of the politicians who imprisoned him and has lunch with the magistrate who supported his hanging after he became President: the total lack of revenge and the priority desire for freedom of his people, black or white, make this common man unique.He chooses to remain in office for a single term and in 1998 he leaves the party always remaining behind the scenes. Numerous personalities from the world of entertainment, culture and music pay homage every year, on July 18th, to this infinite personality. Nelson Mandela passed away on December 5, 2013

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Nelson Madela was born on July 18, 1918 in Mvezo, a small village in South Africa. He studied law at the University of Fort Hare. Mandela was involved in opposition to the South African minority regime, which denied political, social and civil rights to the South African black majority, which cost him his expulsion from the academic institution. he joined the African National Congress in 1942, two years later he founded the youth league youth association. He continued his studies at the University of South Africa and managed to graduate from Fort Hare in 1943. After the electoral victory of the National Party, author of a policy of racial segregation in favor of apartheid, Mandela distinguished himself in the resistance campaign of 1952, organized by the ANC, and played an important role in the popular assembly of 1955, whose adoption of the Charter of Freedom established the fundamental program of the anti-apartheid cause. During this period Mandela and her fellow lawyer Oliver Tambo founded the legal department of Mandela and Tambo by providing free or low-cost assistance to many blacks who otherwise would have remained without legal representation.He was arrested on charges of treason.Mandela was released on February 11, 1990, the day he delivered a memorable speech from Cape Town City Hall. Despite harsh repression and long detention, he has renounced a violent and vindictive strategy in favor of a process of reconciliation and pacification. Mandela competed against De Klerk for the new post of president of South Africa and won, becoming the first black head of state.

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Nelson Mandela Gives Speech After Release From Prison on Feb. 11, 1990 | NowThis

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Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was born February 4 1913.
Daughter of James and Leona McCauley, in 1932 she married Raymond Parks. He spent most of his life working as a seamstress in a department store in the city where he resided, Montgomery, Alabama. in 1943, Rosa participated in the United States Civil Rights Movement, in 1955 he began attending an educational center for workers' rights and racial equality. On 1 December 1955, in Montgomery, Rosa was returning home by bus as soon as she had finished working, in the bus, there were no other free places, it occupied the first place behind the area reserved for whites, in the sector of places accessible to both whites and blacks with the obligation for blacks to give in place you have whites if they wanted it, After three stops, the driver of that bus asked her to get up and move to the back of the vehicle to give way to a white passenger who got on after her. she very kindly refused to move and leave her seat, the driver stopped the vehicle and called two police officers to resolve the incident, Rosa Parks was arrested and taken to prison for improper conduct and for violating city norms that forced black people to give their jobs to whites in the common sector, when there were no places available in the white sector. It has since been known as The Mother of the Civil Rights Movement

“You must never be afraid of what you are doing when you are right”                                                                                    -Rosa Parks

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Malala Yousafzai was born in July 1997.
Is a Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest Nobel Prize laureate.
In early 2009, when she was 11–12, she wrote a blog under a pseudonym for the BBC Urdu detailing her life during the Taliban occupation of Swat.
The Taliban was internationally denounced by governments, human rights organizations and feminist groups. Taliban officials responded to condemnation by further denouncing Yousafzai, indicating plans for a possible second assassination attempt, which was justified as a religious obligation.Following her recovery, Yousafzai became a prominent activist for the right to education. Based in Birmingham, she co-founded the Malala Fund, a non-profit organisation with Shiza Shahid, and in 2013 co-authored I Am Malala, an international best seller.The 2013, 2014 and 2015 issues of Time magazine featured her as one of the most influential people globally.

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Antonio volpe-Malala YousaFzai

Malala was born 12 july 1997.is a Pakistan activist for female education and the youngest Nobel Prize laureate.She is known for human rights advocacy, especially the education of women and children in her native Swat Valley in Khyper , northwest Pakistan, where the local Taliban had at times banned girls from attending school. Her advocacy has grown into an international movement, and according to former Pakistani Prime Minister shahid,khaqan Abbassi  she has become "the most prominent citizen" of the country.Aged 17 at the time, she was the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate.In 2015, Yousafzai was a subject of the  Oscar-shortlisted documentary He Named Me Malala. The 2013, 2014 and 2015 issues of time magazine featured her as one of the most influetian people globally. In 2017, she was awarded honorary Canadian citizenship and became the youngest person to address the House of Commons of Canada. Yousafzai attended Edgbaston High School in England from 2013 to 2017,[17] and is currently studying for a bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.

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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 into an Indian. Several members of his family worked for the government of the state. When Gandhi was 18 years old, he went to study law in England. After he became a lawyer, he went to the British colony of South Africa  where he experienced laws that said people with dark skin had fewer rights than people with light skin. In 1897, Gandhi was attacked by a group of people in Durban Harbor, South Africa when he was going to work. He went to South Africa because he could not find work in India. Gandhi was one of the most important people involved in the movement for the independence of India. He was a non violent activist , who led the independence movement through a non violent protest.

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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 october 1869 in British India. Born in an illustrious and distinguished family, Gandhiji married Kasturba at the age of 13. Gandhiji's experiments with truth reflect his early childhood. Mundane incidents which otherwise would have been relegated to posterity are the foundation of his future trials. Meat-eating being sacrilegious, as a boy Gandhi dared to defy this profanity only to be convinced of its sacrament. Similarly, his confession of stealing, refusing to `cheat' at the behest of his revered teacher, trying to reform Sheikh Mehtab, his school friend, are all evidence of a mind confronting an introspective conscience. However the incident which haunted his entire life was his inability to be present at his father's deathbed. A privilege which he felt he lost owing to his `lustful pangs' towards his young wife.After struggling to find work as a lawyer in India, Gandhi obtained a one-year contract to perform legal services in South Africa. In April 1893, he sailed for Durban in the South African state of Natal.

When Gandhi arrived in South Africa, he was quickly appalled by the discrimination and racial segregation faced by Indian immigrants at the hands of white British and Boer authorities. Upon his first appearance in a Durban courtroom, Gandhi was asked to remove his turban. He refused and left the court instead. The Natal Advertiser mocked him in print as “an unwelcome visitor.”

Nonviolent Civil Disobedience
A seminal moment occurred on June 7, 1893, during a train trip to Pretoria, South Africa, when a white man objected to Gandhi’s presence in the first-class railway compartment, although he had a ticket. Refusing to move to the back of the train, Gandhi was forcibly removed and thrown off the train at a station in Pietermaritzburg.

Gandhi’s act of civil disobedience awoke in him a determination to devote himself to fighting the “deep disease of color prejudice.” He vowed that night to “try, if possible, to root out the disease and suffer hardships in the process.”

From that night forward, the small, unassuming man would grow into a giant force for civil rights. Gandhi formed the Natal Indian Congress in 1894 to fight discrimination.

Gandhi prepared to return to India at the end of his year-long contract until he learned, at his farewell party, of a bill before the Natal Legislative Assembly that would deprive Indians of the right to vote. Fellow immigrants convinced Gandhi to stay and lead the fight against the legislation. Although Gandhi could not prevent the law’s passage, he drew international attention to the injustice.

After a brief trip to India in late 1896 and early 1897, Gandhi returned to South Africa with his wife and children. Gandhi ran a thriving legal practice, and at the outbreak of the Boer War, he raised an all-Indian ambulance corps of 1,100 volunteers to support the British cause, arguing that if Indians expected to have full rights of citizenship in the British Empire, they also needed to shoulder their responsibilities.

After years of protests, the government imprisoned hundreds of Indians in 1913, including Gandhi. Under pressure, the South African government accepted a compromise negotiated by Gandhi and General Jan Christian Smuts that included recognition of Hindu marriages and the abolition of a poll tax for Indians.

Return to India
When Gandhi sailed from South Africa in 1914 to return home, Smuts wrote, “The saint has left our shores, I sincerely hope forever.” At the outbreak of World War I, Gandhi spent several months in London.

In 1915 Gandhi founded an ashram in Ahmedabad, India, that was open to all castes. Wearing a simple loincloth and shawl, Gandhi lived an austere life devoted to prayer, fasting and meditation. He became known as “Mahatma,” which means “great soul.”

Opposition to British Rule in India
In 1919, with India still under the firm control of the British, Gandhi had a political reawakening when the newly enacted Rowlatt Act authorized British authorities to imprison people suspected of sedition without trial. In response, Gandhi called for a Satyagraha campaign of peaceful protests and strikes.
Gandhi became a leading figure in the Indian home-rule movement. Calling for mass boycotts, he urged government officials to stop working for the Crown, students to stop attending government schools, soldiers to leave their posts and citizens to stop paying taxes and purchasing British goods.
Gandhi assumed the leadership of the Indian National Congress and advocated a policy of non-violence and non-cooperation to achieve home rule. After British authorities arrested Gandhi in 1922, he pleaded guilty to three counts of sedition. Although sentenced to a six-year imprisonment, Gandhi was released in February 1924 after appendicitis surgery.
On January 30, 1948, 78-year-old Gandhi was shot and killed by Hindu extremist Nathuram Godse, who was upset at Gandhi’s tolerance of Muslims.

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Rosa Parks was born Rosa Louise McCauley in Tuskegee, Alabama, on February 4, 1913, to Leona (née Edwards), a teacher, and James McCauley, a carpenter.When her parents separated, she moved with her mother to Pine Level, just outside the state capital, Montgomery. In 1900, Montgomery had passed a city ordinance to segregate bus passengers by race. According to the law, no passenger would be required to move or give up their seat and stand if the bus was crowded and no other seats were available.In the 1 December, 1955 after working all day, Parks boarded the Cleveland Avenue bus. At the third stop the White-only seats wasfull, and the driver noted that two or three white passengers were sstanding and he told parks to get up for give a seat to white passengers. She refused to moved and the driver called the police, she was arrested but she inspired the black community to boycott the Montgomery buses for over a year, the first major direct action campaign of the post-war civil rights movement. Her case became bogged down in the state courts, but the federal Montgomery bus lawsuit Browder v. Gayle succeeded in November 1956. Parks' act of defiance and the Montgomery bus boycott became important symbols of the movement. She became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation.

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Rosa Manzo - Rosa Parks
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was born February 4, 1913 was an American. Rosa participated in the United States Civil Rights Movement, in 1955 he vegan attending an educational center for workes' rights and racial equality. On December 1, 1955, in  Montgomery Alabama, Parks rejected bus driver James F. Blake's order to relinquish her seat in the "colored section" ti a aprite passanger, after the whites-only section was filled.

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Nelson Madela was born on July 18, 1918 in Mvezo. He studied law at the University of Fort Hare. He is the former president of south africa, and was a rights activist and lawyer. Nelson Mandela studied in a university of Fort Hare. Hes involved in opposition to the minority South African regime, which denied political, social and civil rights to the South African black majority, which cost him his expulsion from the academic institution. His was a faithful Christian throughout his life. Mandela is the surname taken by the paternal grandfather. Instead, the name Nelson was assigned to him in primary schools. While the middle name, Madiba, was his name within the tribe.Mandela got married three times. Mandela first wife was Evelyn Ntoko Mase from whom he divorced in 1957 after fourteen years of marriage and four children.