# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
BTN Transcript: Episode 6 - 19/3/19

Hey Everyone. I'm Amelia Moseley and it's time for another episode of BTN. Check out what we've got for you today. The world comes together to support New Zealand after last week's terrorist attack. We celebrate Harmony Day with a look at the history of Aussie migration and we say happy birthday to a very clever table.

Climate Protest

Reporter: Jack Evans

INTRO: But first today. To a story you might have heard of and you might even have been a part of. Last week thousands of students around Australia and overseas hit the streets for a massive protest. It was the second-time Aussie schoolkids have taken part in the school strike for climate change action, a global movement started by a Swedish teenager. Jack went to find out more.

From the US to France, Chile to India and Spain to Australia, students around the world walked out of class and onto the streets to call for change.

I've come down to one of the school's strike for climate action that are happening right around the country. Actually, they're happening right around the world. And as you can see there are a lot of young people here with a very clear message.

KID 1: We are the future and if nothing is done now than when we're older it's going to be absolute mayhem.

KID 2: This is our future that the politicians are destroying and it's not fair.
Most of the marches have been completely organised by young people like Doha.
DOHA: At the moment we're not seeing our right to a livable climate upheld by our politicians they're not considering us when they're making our laws and I think that it's important that students take a stand against this type of inconsiderate policy making and they strike because that's historically what people do. They strike when they see unfairness they strike, and they demand better conditions and that's what students are doing.
This world-wide movement was actually started by a teenager from Sweden.
GRETA: My name is Greta Thunberg and every Friday I am school striking for the climate outside the Swedish parliament alongside hundreds of thousands of other children from all around the world.
Greta started protesting because she said she was fed up with her government not doing enough to fight climate change and what started with one student quickly grew. Now the School Strike for Climate Action has become a global movement and last week Greta was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize.
But here in Australia the strikes caused some controversy. A few politicians and education leaders have spoken out against the event saying that kids shouldn't have been skipping school to make a political statement.
DAN TEHAN, EDUCATION MINISTER: If they want to take other action on issues they think are important they should do after school or on weekends.
Some schools said kids would miss out on grades or be punished if they walked out of class. But others say kids deserve to have a say especially on an issue that will affect their futures.

KID 3: I think it's so important that we stand up for our future and we call on our politicians to protect us but also protect people and children in countries all across the world who don't have the privilege of striking because they're in developing nations.
KID 4: We don't have a chance to vote so if we stand together then we are going to make a bigger impact then we would with just one voice.

New Zealand Attack

INTRO: Of course, there's been another big story in the news over the past few days. I'm talking about the terrible attack that happened in Christchurch on Friday. 50 people were killed and 50 more were injured in the worst mass shooting in New Zealand's history. It's been a terrible time for New Zealanders and people around the world. So today we're going to have a look at how people have been coming together to support each other. Here's Martin.

After what many described as the country's darkest day, New Zealanders of all ages, from all backgrounds came to the mosques where the shooting took place to show their support for the victims and to show the world that this tragedy doesn't represent them.
JACINDA ARDERN, NEW ZEALAND PM: We represent diversity, kindness, compassion, a home for those who share our values, a refuge for those who need it, and those values, I can assure you, will not and cannot and will not be shaken by this attack.
New Zealand's Prime Minister has promised to look after the victim's families and change the country's gun laws to try to stop this sort of thing from happening again. Here in Australia landmarks were lit in support for New Zealand while people found different ways to honour the victims. The Prime Minister met with people in the Muslim community and said the world needs to stand together against hate and violence. Overseas, people had similar messages. It's been a really horrible time for a lot of people and it's normal to feel sad about what's happened.
So, what can you do if you're upset about the news? Well, first of all, try to remember that these things don't happen very often. In fact, it's in the news because it's unusual and whenever something awful happens you can see examples of people helping each other and showing kindness and courage. But it is ok to switch off if you are feeling overwhelmed by the news you can take a break from it. That doesn't mean you don't care. And finally make sure you talk to someone you trust and don't be afraid to ask questions. You might find that talking about it makes you feel better.

Migration History

Reporter: Amelia Moseley

INTRO: Now to a much happier story. This week Australians will be celebrating Harmony Day. It's about appreciating all of the different cultures that make up our nation. So, this week we decided to look at how Australia became the multicultural country that it is now. Take a look.

You only have to look around to see that Australia is a pretty multicultural place.
AMELIA, REPORTER: Did you know that nearly half of all Australians were born overseas or have at least one parent who was? I actually fit into both those categories. My dad's from a place called Barbados in the Caribbean and my mum's from a little island between France and England. And I was born in New Zealand. I have a feeling there are lots of other Aussies with a story like mine. Am I right?
KIDS: Yeah.
BIDUSHI: I came to Australia from Nepal with my parents.
SHANZAY: And I was born in Australia, but my parents came from Pakistan.
SHAUNA: My Poppa migrated from Germany by boat when he was six years old.
ELLIOT: My ancestors came from England to Australia, I assume on a boat because it was a very long time ago.
Ancestors, ha? That's where Australia's story of migration really begins. You'd know that Indigenous Australians have been here for around 60 thousand years; long before anyone else. Then in the late 1700s, the First Fleet arrived beginning the first wave of migrants. They were convicts as well as free settlers mainly from Britain and Ireland. It was a shiny new discovery that brought the next wave of migrants in the 1850s gold. Around 600 thousand people migrated during the Gold Rush and while many came from Britain and Ireland, they also came from European countries and from China. In the years that followed more people came here from non-European countries. They helped to build cities and systems of transport and left their mark on a changing Australia. But things didn't always go smoothly and many faced prejudice.

Soon after Federation, Australia's government brought in the White Australia Policy and tried stop non-Europeans from migrating here. After the First and Second World Wars, hundreds of thousands of people came from European countries and built homes and businesses and brought their different foods, beliefs and traditions. The government also encouraged more British, Irish and Dutch people to migrate to try to build Australia's economy. Eventually, the White Australia Policy was scrapped. And, over the years, people continued to come here from all over the world as refugees and as migrants.
AMELIA, REPORTER: Australia is now a nation of people from more than 190 different countries and 300 different ancestries. And most people agree it's part of what makes this country a pretty awesome place to live.
ELLIOT: I like that Australia is a multicultural country because I get to learn about different festivals and celebrations from people that actually celebrate them like Ramadan or Eid.
BIDUSHI: I like to go to the school and learn about different cultures of different countries.
SHAUNA: I like how there's lots of communities like when my Poppa, he used to go to the German Club and play table tennis with all of his friends.
SHANZAY: I like that Australia is a multicultural place because it's got different foods from different countries and I like pizza.

Did you know?

Did you know that a Greek migrant named Athanassio Comino is credited with opening Australia's first fish and chip shop in Sydney's Oxford Street in 1873? Although some say he copied the idea from a Welshman down the road.

Periodic Table

Reporter: Martin Dougan

Another fun fact, it's thought the world's first fish and chip shop was opened by a Jewish migrant in the UK. Now speaking of very important inventions, this month the world celebrated the 150 th birthday of the periodic table. It's a chart you've probably seen before and it's thought of as one of the greatest scientific discoveries ever made. Here's Martin.

Coffee tables. Side tables. Tennis tables. Tables everywhere. I love a good table. And guess what? The table is celebrating its 150th birthday. Happy birthday to you. Martin you've got it all wrong. We are saying happy birthday to the periodic table. Oh, I knew that, I mean who would say happy birthday to a table. I mean it was a joke, obvs. Oh, the good old periodic table. You've probably seen one before, maybe on the wall of your science class or maybe on cool T-shirts like this. There's even a song about it. The periodic table is a chart showing all of the known elements. The building blocks of the world.
REPORTER: Basically, we know it's an element, if it's not made up of other stuff and you can't be separated into anything else. What I've got here is copper and it's made out of nothing but lots of little copper atoms which means it's an element. And on this hand, I have brass, which is made of both copper and zinc, so it's not an element.

All up there are 118 elements that we know about and you can find them all here on the periodic table laid out nicely with some handy numbers and their symbols. Oh, there's our pal copper he's CU on the table. Where an element sits on the table tells you lots about it like the makeup of its atoms are and how it reacts to other elements. For example, some of these ones tend to explode when they come into contact with air.

It's a very, very clever table and this is the very, very clever guy who came up with it 150 years ago. Dimitri Mendeleev. Bonafide science hall of famer. Dimitri here was born in 1834 in Siberia, in Russia. His father was a chemist and it's thought he had 10 brothers and sisters. Bit of a squeeze, eh? Sadly, his dad died when Dimitri was young and despite having very little money his mother was determined to get her son into university. From then on Dimitri here made it his life's mission to understand more about the elements.

Back then people only knew about 60 of them and for years they'd been trying to put them neatly together. They knew that certain elements had similar properties. You could kinda almost sorta see some patterns, but they didn't quite work. While other chemists might have said "oh well, tough luck" not Dimitri. He realised the patterns did exist, it was just that not all the elements had been discovered yet.

He made up a table of elements with some empty spaces in it. He even described what the missing elements would be like before they were even discovered. And he was right. More elements were discovered in Mendeleev's lifetime and they fitted perfectly in his periodic table. Good job. Mendeleev's periodic table was a huge breakthrough in chemistry. It's been shuffled around in the 150 years since it was born and a whole heap of new elements have been added. But it's still seen as one of the most important scientific tools around. Boom. I suppose there's only one thing left to do. Happy birthday to the periodic table.

Ask a Reporter

If you want to know more about the mighty periodic table, I'll be here to answer your questions live on ask a reporter this Friday. It's gonna be brilliant. Don't miss it.

Quiz

Water is made up of which two elements? Is it

Nitrogen and oxygen

Hydrogen and oxygen

Or helium and oxygen?

It's hydrogen and oxygen. Two parts hydrogen to one-part oxygen to be precise which is why the chemical symbol for water is H2O.

Antarctic Science

Reporter: Emma Davis

INTRO: You know what else is made up of H2O? Ice and that's what your about to see a whole lot of.
It's time for part two of our Antarctic special. Our reporter, Emma, has just been on a big trip down there and this week she's going to tell you about some of the fascinating research going on there. Check it out.

For 200 years, people all over the world have been obsessed with solving Antarctica's secrets. But before I tell you what some of them have been working on and some of the stuff they've found, I need to explain what makes Antarctica such an amazing and unique environment in the first place. Especially when it comes to science.
Donna Roberts, AAD Science Planning Manager: Antarctica is the most pristine environment on the planet so if you want to look at how climate is changing you've got to look in the most pristine place so we can get a baseline to see what's actually really happening without the noise of pollution.
Unlike the North Pole, where all the ice is actually floating in the water, the South Pole is a continent which means under all this ice is rock, an actual land mass. Antarctica actually has holds 90 per cent of the planet's ice so if all this ever melted, well that would be catastrophic.

Ben Galton-Fenzi, Glaciologist: If all of Antarctica was to melt, sea levels would rise about 60 metres. But that amount of fresh water that went into the oceans as well is gonna change the habitat for ecosystems and it's also going to change the environmental characteristics across the planet.
While it's unlikely all this ice will disappear anytime soon, with global temperatures rising it's important scientists understand just how quickly the ice is melting. That's what Dr Ben Galton-Fenzi and Madi Gamble Rosevear are doing. They're focusing on the Totten Glacier which is an ice shelf near Casey Station.
Madi Gamble Rosevear, PhD Student: It drains a lot of ice, a lot of ice moves through that glacier towards the ocean and it's changing.
To see what's underneath the ice, they're using mini explosives to set off sound waves which bounce off different surfaces, kind of like the sonar a bat uses.
Madi Gamble Rosevear, PhD Student: We want to know what's underneath there, whether it's soft and malleable or hard and grippy because that alters how the ice moves across it.
Now while Dr Ben and Madi are thinking about the future, scientists like Dr Tas van Ommen are more concerned with the past. He's also a glaciologist but his specialty is ice cores. An ice core is a cylinder of ice drilled from glaciers or ice sheets. It's kind of like a natural time capsule because it holds heaps of information about what Earth was like years and years ago.
Tas van Ommen, Glaciologist: The ice in Antarctica is really made up of snowflakes that fell thousands of years ago. And as the snowflakes build up, one on top of the other, they actually trap things that get rained out or snowed out from the atmosphere, could be dust, it can be salt that gets blown in from the ocean far away, it can be compounds, chemicals from volcanoes that erupted.
Ice cores have already told us a lot about what the Earth was like thousands of years ago but we want to go back further. Dr Tas is trying to find a million-year-old section of ice.
Tas van Ommen, Glaciologist: We know that before 800,000 years the climate was actually behaving a bit differently to what it did for the last 800,000 years and we'd like to actually probe why it changed, what was the cause. We think maybe it's to do with CO2 in the atmosphere. That's pretty important because we know we're changing the CO2 in the atmosphere now.
Drilling that deep is going to take years of work, but Dr Tas, Dr Ben and Madi say it's more than worth it to get a little more insight into how our planet used to be and what it might look like in the future.
Ben Galton-Fenzi, Glaciologist: I have children, what we're trying to do is understand the future that they're going to inherit. By the year 2100 the global climate system's going to be very different from what we understand it to be now. The sooner we understand what that will look like, the better we'll be able to adapt to that.

Sport

Valtteri Bottas has dominated the Australian Grand Prix after overtaking world champion team-mate Lewis Hamilton. But it was a day to forget for Australian driver Daniel Ricciardo, who was outqualified by his teammate Nico Hulkenberg. Then, before the first corner this happened, and he eventually had to drop out of the race.

There were big celebrations for basketball fans in Perth over the weekend. On Sunday the Wildcats claimed the NBL championship with a 97-84 win over Melbourne United and a 3-1 series victory.

And get ready to see one of the best catches ever. This freak play happened during a T20 match in India. Batsman Manjeet Singh smashed what looked a certain six on the last ball of the game but then this happened. Wow. Rahul Tripathi produced a truly unbelievable piece of magic in the outfield.

Virtual Farmers

Reporter: Jack Evans
INTRO: Finally, today. Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be a farmer? Well you're about to meet some kids who are getting to experience life on the land. Well, kinda. Here's Jack with more.

This might look like a normal bus, but once these guys step on board and put these headsets on, they're transported to a virtual world. Which happens to look a lot like the real world just with a lot more cows than you'd see on a usual school day.
KID1: It went up in a helicopter flying over all these lands and when you came down to the truck you could look out and there were cows everywhere, just cows, only cows.
These guys are experiencing what it's like to be a cattle farmer and learn just how beef is produced. They follow the journey from paddock to plate from every angle. The creators say it's important for kids to understand all aspects of the beef industry including the less glamourous parts. So, included in the tour was a trip to a meat processing factory.
KID 2: I had to take my thing off because I felt sick.
KID 1: I didn't know they hung the cows down and get all the blood out of them, I thought they just killed them and drained them then put them on the plate and cook them and eat them.
Tim Gentle is the creator of this VR farming experience. He and his dad have been travelling to schools around the country hoping to get kids excited about a career in agriculture.
Tim Gentle: When it comes to kids what I'm trying to do is inspire them to take up ag as a career path. So, we have to make farming look exciting and so VR when they put on the headset they go into a whole new world. But they actually go into a farmer's world and that's what I like.
Tim reckons virtual reality has a bigger part in the farming world than you might think. He's been busy working on other projects, including using 360-degree cameras to capture farming equipment so that people can learn to use it. As well as an app that lets cattle buyers to see just what they're getting, and he's even built a virtual fair ground where famers can meet up, have a chat and pat a pig. As for these guys it's been a pretty exciting trip and even if they don't decide to become famers later on they now understand a bit more about just where their food comes from.

Closer

Well that's virtually all we have for you today. But don't forget to head to our website or our YouTube channel for more awesome content including BTN Newsbreak every weeknight. I'll catch you next week. Bye.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Hey Everyone. I'm Amelia Moseley and it's time for another episode of BTN. Check out what we've got for you today. The world comes together to support New Zealand after last week's terrorist attack. We celebrate Harmony Day with a look at the history of Aussie migration and we say happy birthday to a very clever table.

# data[].attributes.headline
I liked the periodic table because it talks about the periodic table and what it's about

# data[].attributes.subject
I liked the periodic table because it talks about the periodic table and what it's about

# data[].attributes.headline
sienna I loved the periodic table I think it is so cool plus it is its birthday

# data[].attributes.subject
sienna I loved the periodic table I think it is so cool plus it is its birthday

# data[].attributes.body
I liked the periodic table because he had really weird beard and its cool how something like copper can go in its own square but some thing with copper cant and also happy birthday but not to tables that you sit at and have dinner