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Doc 8: While you read, try to locate Scott Gilmore's thesis (his message to us readers).    Restate (in your own words) the main idea that he delivers in this disturbing and passionate editorial.

The main idea that Scott Gilmore wants to portray in his message is that there are 2 completely different realities in the same country (Canada). One side is perfect and regarded as one of the best countries, and that side is occupied by the rich and fortunate. However, not so far away, there is another side to Canada, where the Indigenous people live. There, many aspects are worse than some found in third world countries. He really wanted to portray the difficult lives Indigenous people go through and huge gap there is between their communities and the rest of Canada. He also claims that most of Canadians living in the good part of the country don't care about the situation lived by the Indigenous.

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Doc 7b: Explain (with supporting details) the most serious social problems facing Indigenous people in Canada.

1. Poorer Health: The poor income of many Indigenous households leads to choices, like a poor diet, which negatively affects their health. There is a higher rate of respiratory problems and other infectious diseases among Aboriginal children than among non-Aboriginal children, which can be caused by improper housing and crowded living conditions are contributing factors.

2. Lower levels of education: Caused by the presence of Indian Residential Schools, and poor living conditions, which lead to not finishing high school, or pursuing a further education. Only 22.8% of Aboriginal People had completed high school and post-secondary education.

3. Inadequate housing and crowded living conditions: Caused by a high density of population in the reserves, and by the reserve housing system.

4. Lower income levels: Often caused by the lack of proper education, and discrimination. The median income for Aboriginal people was $20,701, whereas the median income for non-Aboriginal people was $30,195.

5. Higher rates of unemployment: The unemployment rate for the Aboriginal working-age population is 15% which is double the 7.5% rate for the non-Aboriginal individuals.

6. Higher levels of incarceration: They accounted for 26% of admissions (incarcerated ppl) while representing about 3% of the Canadian adult population. Aboriginal adults in federal correctional services accounted for 28% of admissions to custody and 26% to community supervision in 2015/2016.

7. Higher death rate amongst children and youth due unintentional injuries: According to Health Canada statistics, Aboriginal children are three to four times more likely to die from unintentional injury than non-Aboriginal children of the same age.

8. Higher rates of suicide: Suicide rates are five to seven times higher for First Nations youth than for non-Aboriginal youth, and for Inuit youth, the rate is among the highest in the world - 11 times the national average. “Suicide and self-inflicted injuries are the leading causes of death for First Nations youth and adults up to 44 years of age.”

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Doc 7a:  Explain (with supporting statistics) the crippling social problems facing Indigenous people in Canada, as well as how these problems fit into a "Cycle of Disadvantage" (you might need to Google the term "cycle of disadvantage")

Main social problems: Poverty, poor health, educational failure, family dysfunction, violence, substance abuse. 1 in 4 children in First Nation families live in poverty and 17,8% reported being hungry due to lack of money. Income gap of 28,8% between aboriginals and  non-aboriginals in canada. Aboriginal youth suicide rates 3-7x higher than non-aboriginal youth. There are 500 reserve schools suffering from a lack of reliable running water, computers, libraries and experienced teachers, and 60% of aboriginals living on reserves don’t graduate high school. The lack of proper education leads to a more difficult life, and a difficult life creates many problems, some of which are listed above. Then the kids of those people have a lack of education, and the cycle is repeated.

Indigenous life summary
poverty--> poor health--> education failure--> family disfunction--> violence--> substance abuse--> + suicide rates

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DOC 4: I'm not the Indian you had in mind
a) GD:
What is Thomas King's main message (theme) about modern Indigenous culture?
development --> empowerment --> change--> stopping the stereotypes
--> opinions based on prejudice
--> belief of the one sided stories
--> fault of people on the wrong side
--> questioning of the wrong occurred
Modern Indigenous culture based on falsified prejudices
Their modern culture:
- it has evolved
- they aren't the typical Indians that we have in mind
-they've "learned our lesson"

b) Indigenous culture culture has evolved but why hasn't the prejudice evolved as well?

DOC 5: a short story: the big Indian
GD: What does the character of Joe tell us about society's attitude towards Indigenous people? Explain with details from the story.

--> his initial reaction is purely based on imaginary prejudices (spiritual, drunk, crazy, homeless, clueless, careless) --> he can later see that he's evolved --> he sees what he wants to (assumptions)--> mistreatment (example: "you people")

Specific examples:
-Joe thought that the big Indian couldn't speak English = stupid --> Joe thinks hes superior
-prejudice: -drinking Lysol--> drunks

DOC 6: News Article
GD: Explain the Truth and Reconciliation Report ... the one we see in the above editorial cartoon? / According to activist Christy Jordan-Fenton, how did the residential school system cause the deep social problems within Indigenous communities today?
--> Indigenous youth are over represented in Canada's prisons and child - welfare system
--> death (much higher than published) - not documented
- because malnourished --> abuse and genocide
Solution: change of perception

-So...
In the past, Canadians have done wrong to the indigenous people. They were mistreated, sexually abused, bad healthcare, deaths, rape, taken away from their families (residential schools--> cultural sh)... (all this lead to sever mental illnesses--> depression alcohol, drugs,...)  but now Canadians are willing to fix their previous mistakes by establishing the Truth and Reconciliation report (restoring the Indian rights and compensating for all the discrimination done in the past)

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What is the difference between the words, "indigenous" and "First Nations" and "aboriginal"?

Indigenous people: a large category of people separated into categories: First Nations, Métis and Inuits.
- First Nation: specific category, found all over the country
- Métis: first nation + European
-Inuit: people
-Inuk: person
Maritime circumpolar people of Canada.
-Aboriginal: least used term, more internationally used.

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In our society, what are the most common stereotypes about indigenous people"?

COMMON STEREOTYPES ABOUT INDIGENOUS PEOPLE:

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
-Blatant discrimination towards first nation people in Canada.
-can lead to denial of heritage

THREE MAIN STEREOTYPES
-Stupid, drunk and lazy: treated differently, expect the least, think they unhygienic (smelly), think they're mentally slow, not proper and human enough to be considered the same and with the same standards.
-spiritual, one with nature: adored by others, love first nation and their ceremonies, have all the answers, harmless, childlike wonder, in love with the idea, think its a whole other world, disappointment when their bubble gets burst.
-Primitive savages: cant be alone with an Indian, keeping an eye, what first nation women  are like in bed (women stereotypes), disrespect, sexual objects, difficulty trusting.

REASONS FOR STEREOTYPES
-few people who encourage these stereotypes in the world
-resentment for government money
-holds a whole community responsible for a few peoples wrongdoings.

HYPOCRISY
- want indigenous to get over their misery
-Canadians refuse to let go of their own self so they build prejudice
-single story that the first nation people are poor, drunk and uneducated.

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In our society, what are the most common stereotypes about indigenous people"?
1) Alcohol:
- Difference = poverty
-ex: aboriginal people do it in the streets, we do it at parties
a) un native: ex curling club, prestigious party
b) native street
2) Getting over it is not forgetting previous experiences --> can't forget all mishaps
-so, they got over it but still remember their past.
3) Long hair: symbol of cultural pride
- only the Indians with straight hair grow it out, not all of them.
4) Governmental financial help -->
- 7 million $ ex: same size as New Brunswick 8 billion $
- hypocrisy
5) Taxes -->
- Indigenous people do pay taxes, based on income
- agreement (promise) of previous treaties
- awaiting promised objects (share of land)
(its not a free ride)
= questioning of hypocrisy

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