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Car lubricants are essential fluids that reduce friction, wear, and heat between moving parts in vehicles, ensuring smooth operation and longevity.

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Ignition timing controls when the spark plug fires in an engine, typically a few degrees before the piston reaches Top Dead Center during the compression stroke, not at TDC, to allow time for the air-fuel mixture to fully burn and peak pressure to push the piston down for maximum power. This timing needs to constantly adjust (advance at higher RPM/load, retard for knock) based on engine speed, load, and conditions, managed by the power train control module in modern cars, to ensure efficient combustion and prevent engine damage.

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Cylinder heads are essential components of internal combustion engines that seal the top of the cylinders, forming the combustion chamber and housing critical engine parts like valves and spark plugs.

Definition and Function

A cylinder head is a cast metal part that sits atop the engine block, covering the cylinders and forming the upper part of the combustion chamber. It plays a crucial role in sealing the combustion chamber, allowing for the efficient burning of fuel and air. The cylinder head also houses various components, including:

Valves: Control the flow of air and exhaust gases into and out of the combustion chamber.

Spark Plugs: Ignite the air-fuel mixture in gasoline engines.

Fuel Injectors: Deliver fuel into the combustion chamber in modern engines.

Coolant Passages: Help dissipate heat generated during combustion, preventing engine overheating.

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An engine block is a crucial component of an internal combustion engine, housing the cylinders and other essential parts that facilitate the combustion process and power generation.

What is an Engine Block?

The engine block, also known as the cylinder block, is the main structure of an internal combustion engine. It serves as the foundation that supports various engine components, including the cylinders, pistons, crankshaft, and camshaft. Engine blocks are typically made from materials like cast iron or aluminum alloy, chosen for their strength and ability to withstand high temperatures and pressures generated during combustion

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What is valve overlap?

Valve overlap is the period (measured in degrees of crankshaft rotation) when both the intake valve and the exhaust valve are open at the same time.

This happens at the end of the exhaust stroke and the beginning of the intake stroke, around top dead center (TDC)

Valve overlap is intentional and helps improve engine performance:

Better cylinder scavenging

As exhaust gases rush out, they help pull fresh air–fuel mixture into the cylinder. This is called scavenging.

Improved airflow at high RPM

At higher engine speeds, gases have momentum. Overlap allows the engine to take advantage of that momentum to fill the cylinder more efficiently.

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In our workshop,if something breaks we report the broken item instantly to our technician,teacher so they are aware of the problem and can address it

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Clean oil with sand

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health and safety (display screen equipment) regulations 1992

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health and safety (display screen equipment) regulations 1992

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The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) are UK regulations requiring employers to ensure work equipment is suitable, safe, maintained, inspected, and used only by trained people, with appropriate health and safety measures like guards and emergency stops in place. PUWER applies to anyone providing or controlling equipment at work, including those working from home, and mandates that risks from equipment are controlled or eliminated

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The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) are UK regulations requiring employers to ensure work equipment is suitable, safe, maintained, inspected, and used only by trained people, with appropriate health and safety measures like guards and emergency stops in place. PUWER applies to anyone providing or controlling equipment at work, including those working from home, and mandates that risks from equipment are controlled or eliminated

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Abrasive wheel regulations in the UK are governed by the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER), which require employers to ensure equipment is suitable and maintained, and that users receive adequate information, instruction, and training. This includes conducting risk assessments, providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), and ensuring wheels are used at or below their maximum permissible speed. Employers must also be aware of the 3-year expiry date for bonded abrasive wheels, as specified by European standards.

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Vehicle Protective Equipment (VPE) is essential for ensuring safety when working with electric vehicles (EVs). Here are some key points regarding VPE

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Respirex GTL Lightweight Gas-Tight Suit - Type 1A-ET - RE-GTL

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TSSC Product Respirex GTL Lightweight Gas-Tight Suit - Type 1A-ET - RE-GTL

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The ultimate guide to UK road signs - PASS your theory test 2024 | 100 road signs and their meaning!

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mandatory signs automotive - Google Search