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The case of Brown v. Board of Education began in Topeka, Kansas on December 9, 1952. It ended with the Supreme Court ruling that declared separate public schools for black and white students was unconstitutional. This ruling was on May 17, 1954. The  Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren was presiding over the case at that time and was the one who delivered the unanimous ruling. Justice Warren found that segregated public schools were direct violations of the 14th amendment, and were therefore unconstitutional. The following image is the scanned statement of Justice Warren. This was a landmark decision that overruled the previous Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, which upheld segregation within public facilities with the famous line "separate but equal."

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On August 28, 1963, 250,000 people united together in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The march was officially called the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. This is the location of Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous "I Have a Dream" speech. This march promoted not only civil, but also economic rights for African Americans. This day was important to the Civil Rights Movement because it greatly influenced the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which put an end to segregation in public accommodations, discrimination for employment, segregation in schools, and unequal voting registrations.

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"I Have a Dream" Speech by Martin Luther King Jr.

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"I Have a Dream" Speech by Martin Luther King Jr.

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The famous speech by Martin Luther King Jr. took place on August 28, 1963. This was the day of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. This speech became one of the most famous speeches in American history. In the speech, he emphasizes his dreams of equality and it became a highlight of the whole protest. It also has the reputation of being a signature moment in the civil rights moment.

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Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have A Dream Speech

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On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks refused to move from her seat for a white passenger. She was arrested for her actions and a few days later, the Montgomery Bus Boycott began on December 5, 1955. Rosa was not the only African American who refused to give up her seat. Claudette Colvin was fifteen years old when she refused to give up her seat and was arrested, but civil rights leaders thought that people would not be sympathetic to her because she was pregnant at such a young age. During the boycott, African Americans found other means of transportation, which had a huge economic impact on Montgomery's bus system. The Montgomery Bus Boycott did not end until December 20, 1956, when Browder vs. Gayle declared segregation on public buses unconstitutional. This event was so important in the Civil Rights Movement because it was one step closer into ending segregation.

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From May to December in 1961, the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) organized these movements in which black and white volunteers would sit together in a bus. These busses would travel to the segregated south, where the demonstrators were met with hatred and violence. The white volunteers were taught to protect the black volunteers by covering them with their body in the event of a physical altercation. In many cases, the busses were targeted by white nationalist groups such as the KKK. Some busses had tires slashed, while others were bombed. The following photograph shows the bombed greyhound bus that these demonstrators were riding in. The volunteers were forced to leave the bus, where they were then beaten by angry white mobs. The goal of these rides was to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960). These cases ruled that segregated public busses were unconstitutional.

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During 1965, in Selma, Alabama, protesters began to march towards the state capital of Montgomery. The group of three marches that occurred from March 7, 1965 – March 21, 1965 are referred to as the Selma to Montgomery marches. The particular march that occured on Sunday, March 7, 1965, is called Bloody Sunday. This is due to the violence inflicted upon the peaceful protestors as they marched. These marches were organized so that African Americans could demonstrate their desire to vote. By remaining peaceful in the face of violence, the protesters gained the upper hand in the PR war. This led to the Voting Rights Act being passed later that year. The following photograph is of the protestors on Bloody Sunday.

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"The American Promise" speech by Lyndon B. Johnson

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"The American Promise" speech by Lyndon B. Johnson

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On March 15, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson delivered arguably one of the greatest presidential speeches of all time. This speech, titled "The American Promise," urged Congress to pass the Voting Rights Legislation Act. The speech is often referred to as the "And We Shall Overcome" speech, which comes from a quote where LBJ states "Their cause must be our cause too, because it is not just Negroes, but really it is all of us, who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigotry and injustice -- and we shall overcome." This monumental speech was delivered eight days after Bloody Sunday, in a joint session of Congress. The following is the video clip of the speech.

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President Lyndon B. Johnson - We Shall Overcome